基于宏观空穴理论的主轴承多目标优化设计
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摘要
为有效地降低内燃机轴承的润滑油泄流量,提高其油膜支撑能力,建立考虑宏观空穴效应的曲轴-主轴承系统的流体动力润滑模型,并根据不对中角度下最大油膜压力验证了宏观空穴模型的正确性;采用宏观空穴模型对内燃机轴颈-轴承系统的空穴区域及空穴区域密度进行预测;基于正交试验设计和最优拉丁超立方试验设计,研究不同参数及参数耦合对轴承润滑性能的影响;结合带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II),以润滑油泄流量和油膜支撑力矩为优化目标,对内燃机主轴承性能进行优化设计。研究结果表明:仅仅结合正交试验分析单因素影响权重是不够的,参数的交互影响权重较大,在进行参数权重影响分析时应综合考虑参数间的交互影响;在润滑油泄流量最小和油膜支撑力矩最大多目标优化中形成了一个最优解前沿,得到了一个关于多目标优化的解集。
In order to reduce the oil leakage of the internal combustion bearing and improve the oil film loading capacity,a hydrodynamic lubrication model for journal-bearing system considering H-S cavitation effect was established,and the H-S cavitation model was verified with the traditational model through peak oil film pressure. The cavitation zone and the density of the cavitation zone of the journal-bearing system were analyzed with the H-S cavitation model. Based on the orthogonal test design and optimal Latin hypercube design,the effect of the parameters and parameter coupling on the lubrication characteristics was analyzed. The fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm( NSGA-II) was coupled to carry out the multi-objective optimization of the bearing performances such as loading capacity and oil leakage. The results show that it is not precise enough to evaluate the weight of the parameter only by orthogonal test,the effect of parameters coupling is larger,so the parameters coupling should be taken into account when analyzing the influence of parameters weight.A front edge of optimal solution is formed in the multi-objective optimization of minimum oil leakage and maximum film loading capacity,and a set for the multi-objective optimizatione is obtained.
In order to reduce the oil leakage of the internal combustion bearing and improve the oil film loading capacity,a hydrodynamic lubrication model for journal-bearing system considering H-S cavitation effect was established,and the H-S cavitation model was verified with the traditational model through peak oil film pressure. The cavitation zone and the density of the cavitation zone of the journal-bearing system were analyzed with the H-S cavitation model. Based on the orthogonal test design and optimal Latin hypercube design,the effect of the parameters and parameter coupling on the lubrication characteristics was analyzed. The fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm( NSGA-II) was coupled to carry out the multi-objective optimization of the bearing performances such as loading capacity and oil leakage. The results show that it is not precise enough to evaluate the weight of the parameter only by orthogonal test,the effect of parameters coupling is larger,so the parameters coupling should be taken into account when analyzing the influence of parameters weight.A front edge of optimal solution is formed in the multi-objective optimization of minimum oil leakage and maximum film loading capacity,and a set for the multi-objective optimizatione is obtained.
引文
[1]何振鹏.柴油机轴系主要摩擦副润滑机理研究及主轴承润滑对噪声的影响分析[D].天津:天津大学,2013.
[2]HASHIMOTO H.Optimum design of high-speed,short journal bearings by mathematical programming[J].Tribology Transactions,1997,40(2):283-293.
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[5]SMITH E H.Optimising the design of a piston-ring pack using DOE methods[J].Tribology International,2011,44(1):29-41.
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[8]张俊红,张桂昌,何振鹏,等.基于正交试验和神经网络的轴系主轴承润滑特性优化[J].内燃机学报,2011,29(5):461-467.ZHANG J H,ZHANG G C,HE Z P,et al.Optimization of crankshaft-bearing lubricating characteristics based on orthogonal experiment and neural network[J].Transactions of CSICE,2011,29(5):461-467.
[9]汪森,沈颖刚,舒歌群,等.内燃机主轴承EHD模拟计算研究[J].润滑与密封,2007,32(3):156-160.WANG S,SHEN Y G,SHU G Q,et al.Elastohydrodynamic smiulation analysis of the main bearing in internal combustion engine[J].Lubrication Engineering,2007,32(3):156-160
[10]LI Y.Multiphase oil transport at complex micro geometry[D].Cambridge:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2011.
[11]PARK J S.Optimallatin-hypercube designs for computer experiments[J].Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference,1994,39(1):95-111.
[12]雷德明,严新平.多目标智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[2]HASHIMOTO H.Optimum design of high-speed,short journal bearings by mathematical programming[J].Tribology Transactions,1997,40(2):283-293.
[3]HASHIMOTO H,MATSUMOTO K.Improvement of operating characteristics of high-speed hydrodynamic journal bearings by optimum design:Part I.formulation of methodology and its application to elliptical bearing design[J].Journal of Tribology,2001,123(2):305-312.
[4]HIRANI H,SUH N P.Journal bearing design using multiobjective genetic algorithm and axiomatic design approaches[J].Tribology International,2005,38(5):481-491.
[5]SMITH E H.Optimising the design of a piston-ring pack using DOE methods[J].Tribology International,2011,44(1):29-41.
[6]MA C B,SUN J J,WAN Y,et al.On the optimum dimple depthover-diameter ratio for textured surfaces[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2017,9(9):1-8.
[7]王凤斌.滑动轴承润滑特性数值分析及优化设计研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[8]张俊红,张桂昌,何振鹏,等.基于正交试验和神经网络的轴系主轴承润滑特性优化[J].内燃机学报,2011,29(5):461-467.ZHANG J H,ZHANG G C,HE Z P,et al.Optimization of crankshaft-bearing lubricating characteristics based on orthogonal experiment and neural network[J].Transactions of CSICE,2011,29(5):461-467.
[9]汪森,沈颖刚,舒歌群,等.内燃机主轴承EHD模拟计算研究[J].润滑与密封,2007,32(3):156-160.WANG S,SHEN Y G,SHU G Q,et al.Elastohydrodynamic smiulation analysis of the main bearing in internal combustion engine[J].Lubrication Engineering,2007,32(3):156-160
[10]LI Y.Multiphase oil transport at complex micro geometry[D].Cambridge:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2011.
[11]PARK J S.Optimallatin-hypercube designs for computer experiments[J].Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference,1994,39(1):95-111.
[12]雷德明,严新平.多目标智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.