超稠油油藏蒸汽辅助重力泄油后期注空气开采技术
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摘要
利用室内实验方法研究注空气低温氧化对超稠油黏度、组分的影响程度以及低温氧化前后驱油效率的变化特点,以此为基础,利用数值模拟方法探讨蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)后期注空气开发的可行性、实施方式与实施效果。实验研究表明,对于辽河油田杜84块兴Ⅵ组直井水平井组合SAGD试验区,汽腔温度150～250℃,注空气发生低温氧化,低温氧化后原油黏度大幅升高,驱油效率急剧下降。模拟了SAGD后期3种开发方式,即蒸汽+空气低温氧化、单纯空气低温氧化和单纯空气高温燃烧,通过对比生产动态曲线、剩余油分布等发现,在SAGD后期采用注空气高温燃烧方法能够有效避免蒸汽热损失,最大程度采出剩余油,延长油藏开发时间。
The air oxidation of super-heavy oil at low temperature was studied in laboratory and its influences on oil viscosity, component and steam sweep efficiency before and after air-injection were analyzed. The feasibility, operation mode and air flooding effect at the late stage of steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD) were investigated by numerical simulation. The experimental results show for vertical-horizontal well pair SAGD test area of Xing VI Formation in Block Du 84 of Liaohe Oilfield, the low temperature oxidation occurred between 150-250 ℃(steam chamber temperature), the oil viscosity increased greatly after low temperature oxidation, consequently, the oil displacement efficiency dropped sharply. Three development methods in the late stage of SAGD were simulated, i.e., steam + air low temperature oxidation, only air low temperature oxidation and only air high temperature oxidation. By comparing production dynamic curves and residual oil distribution etc., high temperature oxidation reduced the heat loss in late stage of SAGD, recovered the residual oil effectively, and prolonged reservoir development time.
The air oxidation of super-heavy oil at low temperature was studied in laboratory and its influences on oil viscosity, component and steam sweep efficiency before and after air-injection were analyzed. The feasibility, operation mode and air flooding effect at the late stage of steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD) were investigated by numerical simulation. The experimental results show for vertical-horizontal well pair SAGD test area of Xing VI Formation in Block Du 84 of Liaohe Oilfield, the low temperature oxidation occurred between 150-250 ℃(steam chamber temperature), the oil viscosity increased greatly after low temperature oxidation, consequently, the oil displacement efficiency dropped sharply. Three development methods in the late stage of SAGD were simulated, i.e., steam + air low temperature oxidation, only air low temperature oxidation and only air high temperature oxidation. By comparing production dynamic curves and residual oil distribution etc., high temperature oxidation reduced the heat loss in late stage of SAGD, recovered the residual oil effectively, and prolonged reservoir development time.
引文
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[20]WANG Y,REN S,ZHANG L,et al.New insights into the oxidation behaviors of crude oils and their exothermic characteristics:Experimental study via simultaneous TGA/DSC[J].Fuel,2018,219:141-150.
[21]LI J,MEHTA S,MOORE R,et al.Oxidation and ignition behaviour of saturated hydrocarbon samples with crude oils using TG/DTG and DTA thermal analysis techniques[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2004,43(7):45-51.
[22]唐君实,关文龙,王伯军,等.热重分析仪求取稠油高温氧化动力学参数[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):775-779.TANG Junshi,GUAN Wenlong,WANG Bojun,et al.Determination on high-temperature oxidation kinetic parameters of heavy oils with thermogravimetric analyzer[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):775-779.
[23]关文龙,席长丰,陈龙,等.火烧辅助重力泄油矿场调控技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(5):753-760.GUAN Wenlong,XI Changfeng,CHEN Long,et al.Field control technology of combustion assisted gravity drainage(CAGD)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):753-760.
[2]DENNEY D.Real-time optimization of SAGD operations[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2013,65(6):126-127.
[3]刘文章.稠油注蒸汽热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.LIU Wenzhang.Thermal recovery engineering of heavy oil steam injection[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.
[4]张锐.稠油热采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.ZHANG Rui.Thermal recovery technology of heavy oil[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999.
[5]GAO Y,GUO E,ZHANG Y,et al.Research on the selection of NCGin improving SAGD recovery for super-heavy oil reservoir with top-water[R].SPE 187674-MS,2017.
[6]高永荣,刘尚奇,沈德煌,等.氮气辅助SAGD开采技术优化研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):717-721.GAO Yongrong,LIU Shangqi,SHEN Dehuang,et al.N2 assisted SAGD technology optimization[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):717-721.
[7]张运军,沈德煌,高永荣,等.二氧化碳气体辅助SAGD物理模拟实验[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1147-1152.ZHANG Yunjun,SHEN Dehuang,GAO Yongrong,et al.CO2-SAGDphysical modelling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1147-1152.
[8]OSKOUEI S J P,MOORE R G,MAINI B B,et al.Feasibility of in-situ combustion in the mature SAGD chamber[R].SPE 137832-PA,2011.
[9]RAHNEMA H,BARRUFET M,MAMORA D.Experimental study of air injection in SAGD chamber[R].SPE 149195-MS,2011.
[10]RAHNEMA H,BARRUFET M,MARTINEZ J,et al.Dual horizontal well air injection process[R].SPE 153907-MS,2012.
[11]OSKOUEI S J P,MAINI B B,MOORE R G,et al.Experimental evaluation of SAGD/ISC hybrid recovery method[R].SPE 137836,2013.
[12]MA D S,SHI L X,XI C F,et al.In situ combustion technology in the later SAGD process in extra heavy oil reservoir[R].SPE 169999-MS,2014.
[13]蒋有伟,张义堂,刘尚奇,等.低渗透油藏注空气开发驱油机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(4):471-476.JIANG Youwei,ZHANG Yitang,LIU Shangqi,et al.Mechanism of air injection to low permeability reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(4):471-476.
[14]李松林,陈亚平,王东辉.轻质油油藏注空气实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004(2):27-28,90-91.LI Songlin,CHEN Yaping,WANG Donghui,et al.Experimental study on air injection to light oil reservoir[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2004(2):27-28,90-91.
[15]王正茂,廖广志,蒲万芬,等.注空气开发中地层原油氧化反应特征[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):314-319.WANG Zhengmao,LIAO Guangzhi,PU Wanfen,et al.Oxidation characteristics of reservoir crude during air injection process[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):314-319.
[16]梁金中,王伯军,关文龙,等.稠油油藏火烧油层吞吐技术与矿场试验[J].石油学报,2017,38(3):324-332.LIANG Jinzhong,WANG Bojun,GUAN Wenlong,et al.Technology and field test of cyclic in situ combustion in heavy oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(3):324-332.
[17]WANG Y,ZHANG L,DENG J,et al.An innovative air assisted cyclic steam stimulation technique for enhanced heavy oil recovery[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,151:254-263.
[18]HUANG S,SHENG J J.A practical method to obtain kinetic data from TGA(thermogravimetric analysis)experiments to build an air injection model for enhanced oil recovery[J].Fuel,2017,206:199-209.
[19]侯胜明,刘印华,于洪敏,等.注空气过程轻质原油低温氧化动力学[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(1):169-173.HOU Shengming,LIU Yinhua,YU Hongmin,et al.Kinetics of low temperature oxidation during light oil air injection process[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(1):169-173.
[20]WANG Y,REN S,ZHANG L,et al.New insights into the oxidation behaviors of crude oils and their exothermic characteristics:Experimental study via simultaneous TGA/DSC[J].Fuel,2018,219:141-150.
[21]LI J,MEHTA S,MOORE R,et al.Oxidation and ignition behaviour of saturated hydrocarbon samples with crude oils using TG/DTG and DTA thermal analysis techniques[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2004,43(7):45-51.
[22]唐君实,关文龙,王伯军,等.热重分析仪求取稠油高温氧化动力学参数[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):775-779.TANG Junshi,GUAN Wenlong,WANG Bojun,et al.Determination on high-temperature oxidation kinetic parameters of heavy oils with thermogravimetric analyzer[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):775-779.
[23]关文龙,席长丰,陈龙,等.火烧辅助重力泄油矿场调控技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(5):753-760.GUAN Wenlong,XI Changfeng,CHEN Long,et al.Field control technology of combustion assisted gravity drainage(CAGD)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):753-760.