海上风电场运用柔性直流方式并网的无功控制研究
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摘要
海上风电已成为我国沿海地区风电发展的趋势,为提高发电效率,海上风电场单机容量不断增大,风电场离岸距离从近海逐步向50 km外的深海拓展。由于大部分深海风电场采用柔性直流方式(VSC-HVDC)集中并网,电压管理与无功控制必须从电网、电源两方面着手,增强风电场、电网调压灵活性。本文针对柔性直流接入的大型海上风电场的无功规划及其控制策略开展研究。在不同接入容量的海上风电场群中通过采用推荐的无功控制方案,可以有效地改善风电集中区域电压运行质量,提高电网电压稳定水平,减少风电由于电压波动导致的大规模脱网的发生。
Construction of offshore wind farms has become the trend of exploitation of wind power incoastal areas in China. For improving efficiencies of power generations,the capacity of single wind turbine is increasing and distances of wind farms is expanding from inshore to more than 50 kilometers away. While in most offshore wind farms voltage-source-controlled high-voltage-direct-current technology(VSC-HVDC)is used to integrate into the shore-side power grid,voltage management and reactive power control must be considered in such two aspects as power grid and wind farmsin order to enhance the flexibility for voltage regulation of wind farms and integrated power grids. In this paper,planning methods and control strategies for reactive power in large offshore wind farms with VSC-HVDC technology access to the power grid are studied. By using the proposed reactive power control strategy,voltage quality during the operation can be effectively improved;voltage stability of integrated power grid can be effectively strengthened and possibilities for tripping wind farms caused by voltage fluctuations can be effectively reduced.
Construction of offshore wind farms has become the trend of exploitation of wind power incoastal areas in China. For improving efficiencies of power generations,the capacity of single wind turbine is increasing and distances of wind farms is expanding from inshore to more than 50 kilometers away. While in most offshore wind farms voltage-source-controlled high-voltage-direct-current technology(VSC-HVDC)is used to integrate into the shore-side power grid,voltage management and reactive power control must be considered in such two aspects as power grid and wind farmsin order to enhance the flexibility for voltage regulation of wind farms and integrated power grids. In this paper,planning methods and control strategies for reactive power in large offshore wind farms with VSC-HVDC technology access to the power grid are studied. By using the proposed reactive power control strategy,voltage quality during the operation can be effectively improved;voltage stability of integrated power grid can be effectively strengthened and possibilities for tripping wind farms caused by voltage fluctuations can be effectively reduced.
引文
[1]迟永宁,梁伟,张占奎,等.大规模海上风电输电与并网关键技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3758-3771.CHI Yongning,LIANG Wei,ZHANG Zhankui,et al.An overview on key technologies regarding power transmission and grid integration of large scale offshore wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3758-3771.
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[8]张庆阳,郭家康.世界风能强国发展风电的经验与对策[J].中外能源,2015,20(6):25-34.ZHANG Qingyang,GUO Jiakang.Major wind power using countries’experience and countermeasures in developing wind energy[J].Sinoglobal Energy,2015,20(6):25-34.
[9]刘一琦.多端柔性直流输电系统控制策略的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.
[10]汤广福,贺之渊,庞辉.柔性直流输电工程技术研究、应用及发展[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):3-14.TANG Guangfu,HE Zhiyuan,PANG Hui.Research,application and development of VSC HVDC engineering technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):3-14.
[11]GUO Y F,GAO H L,WU Q W,et al.Enhanced voltage control of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind farms based on model predictive control[J].IEEE Transaction on Sustainable Energy,2018,9(1):474-487.
[12]WANG L,YANG Z H,LU X Y.Prokhorov.stability analysis of a hybrid multiinfeed HVDC system connected between two offshore wind farms and two power grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(3):1824-1833.
[13]CAI L,KARAAGAC U,MAHSEREDJIAN J.Simulation of startup sequence of an offshore wind farm with MMCHVDCgrid connection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(2):638-646.
[14]刘林,葛旭波,张义斌,等.我国海上风电发展现状及分析[J].能源技术经济,2012,24(3):66-72.LIU Lin,GE Xubo,ZHANG Yibin,et al.Analysis on status quo of China’s offshore wind power development[J].Electric Power Technologic Economics,2012,24(3):66-72.
[15]KHANI N G,ABEDI M,GHAREHPETIAN G B.Offshore wind farm power control using HVDC link[J].Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,2016,39(2):168-173.
[2]BLAABJERG F,MA K.Wind energy systems[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2017,105(11):2116-2131.
[3]BRESESTI P,KLING W L,HENDRIKS R L,et al.HVDCconnection of offshore wind farms to the transmission system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):37-43.
[4]王锡凡,卫晓辉,宁联辉,等.海上风电并网与输送方案比较[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5459-5466.WANG Xifan,WEI Xiaohui,NING Lianhui,et al.Integration techniques and transmission schemes for offshore wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5459-5466.
[5]徐乾耀,康重庆,张宁,等.海上风电出力特性及其消纳问题探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(22):54-59.XU Qianyao,KANG Chongqing,ZHANG Ning,et al.A discussion on offshore wind power output characteristics and its accommodation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(22):54-59.
[6]WU Yuankang,SU Poen,SU Yusheng,et al.Economics and reliability based design for an offshore wind farm[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(6):5139-5149.
[7]彭洪兵,吴姗姗,王双,等.我国海上风电发展政策演变分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2016(6):72-78.PENG Hongbing,WU Shanshan,WANG Shuang,et al.The policy evolution of offshore wind power development in China[J].Ocean Development and Management,2016(6):72-78.
[8]张庆阳,郭家康.世界风能强国发展风电的经验与对策[J].中外能源,2015,20(6):25-34.ZHANG Qingyang,GUO Jiakang.Major wind power using countries’experience and countermeasures in developing wind energy[J].Sinoglobal Energy,2015,20(6):25-34.
[9]刘一琦.多端柔性直流输电系统控制策略的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.
[10]汤广福,贺之渊,庞辉.柔性直流输电工程技术研究、应用及发展[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):3-14.TANG Guangfu,HE Zhiyuan,PANG Hui.Research,application and development of VSC HVDC engineering technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):3-14.
[11]GUO Y F,GAO H L,WU Q W,et al.Enhanced voltage control of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind farms based on model predictive control[J].IEEE Transaction on Sustainable Energy,2018,9(1):474-487.
[12]WANG L,YANG Z H,LU X Y.Prokhorov.stability analysis of a hybrid multiinfeed HVDC system connected between two offshore wind farms and two power grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(3):1824-1833.
[13]CAI L,KARAAGAC U,MAHSEREDJIAN J.Simulation of startup sequence of an offshore wind farm with MMCHVDCgrid connection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(2):638-646.
[14]刘林,葛旭波,张义斌,等.我国海上风电发展现状及分析[J].能源技术经济,2012,24(3):66-72.LIU Lin,GE Xubo,ZHANG Yibin,et al.Analysis on status quo of China’s offshore wind power development[J].Electric Power Technologic Economics,2012,24(3):66-72.
[15]KHANI N G,ABEDI M,GHAREHPETIAN G B.Offshore wind farm power control using HVDC link[J].Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,2016,39(2):168-173.