湖北省种植业面源污染现状分析
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摘要
采用综合调查法对湖北省17个市(州)2007年农业面源污染情况进行调查,并采用等标污染负荷法进行评价与源解析。结果表明,湖北省种植业氮、磷合计用量为2 703 795.7 t(折纯),其中肥料氮施用量为1 932 024.6 t(折纯,N),肥料磷合计771 771.1 t(折纯,P2O5),总氮和总磷的流失总量为76 688.7、5 472.7 t/年。湖北省9种主要农药成份的流失总量896.6 kg;湖北省地膜使用量为9 508.7 t,土壤中残留量为1 671.5 t,全省平均残留率为使用量的17.6%;湖北省秸秆产生量为4 090.7万t,其中62.3%的秸秆进行了综合利用,有36.1%的秸秆被非资源化处置。全省污染负荷占比前三的市(州)为荆州市、襄阳市、宜昌市。综上所述,湖北省17个市(州)的种植业源防控的主要污染物是总氮和总磷,防控的重点区域为荆州市、襄阳市。
Agricultural non-point source pollution of 17 cities and prefectures in 2007 was investigated in Hubei province by using integrated survey,and the use of feed and other pollution load method and sources were evaluated. The results showed that the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in Hubei planting were up to 2 703 795.7 t(pure),in which the nitrogen fertilizer application was 1 932 024.6 t(N),and total phosphorus fertilizer was 771 771.1 t(P2O5). The loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus was 76 688.7 and 5 472.7 t per year. The total loss of 9 major pesticides in Hubei province was 896.6 kg.The usage amount of plastic film in Hubei province was 9 508.7 t,the residual amount in soil was 1 671.5 t,average residual rate was 17.6% of usage. Generating capacity of straw in Hubei was 40.907 million t,62.3% of them was used in the comprehensive utilization,and 36.2% of them was disposed of non-resource. The major cities of pollution were Jingzhou,Xiangyang,and Yichang.It indicated that the main pollutants of 17 cities and prefectures in Hubei province was total nitrogen and total phosphorus,and the key areas were Jingzhou and Xiangyang.
Agricultural non-point source pollution of 17 cities and prefectures in 2007 was investigated in Hubei province by using integrated survey,and the use of feed and other pollution load method and sources were evaluated. The results showed that the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in Hubei planting were up to 2 703 795.7 t(pure),in which the nitrogen fertilizer application was 1 932 024.6 t(N),and total phosphorus fertilizer was 771 771.1 t(P2O5). The loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus was 76 688.7 and 5 472.7 t per year. The total loss of 9 major pesticides in Hubei province was 896.6 kg.The usage amount of plastic film in Hubei province was 9 508.7 t,the residual amount in soil was 1 671.5 t,average residual rate was 17.6% of usage. Generating capacity of straw in Hubei was 40.907 million t,62.3% of them was used in the comprehensive utilization,and 36.2% of them was disposed of non-resource. The major cities of pollution were Jingzhou,Xiangyang,and Yichang.It indicated that the main pollutants of 17 cities and prefectures in Hubei province was total nitrogen and total phosphorus,and the key areas were Jingzhou and Xiangyang.
引文
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[2]冯武焕,朱永利,赵科刚,等.西安种植业面源污染调查与分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(15):152-156.
[3]纪丁愈,王庆安,佘红英,等.川中丘陵地区小流域农业面源污染特征及水环境容量研究:以黄腊溪小流域为例[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(4):81-84.
[4]王婧,单保庆,张钧.杭嘉湖水网地区农村面源污染研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(增刊):357-361.
[5]侯彦林,赵慧明,李红英.中国农田氮肥面源污染估算方法及其实证Ⅲ:估算模型的实证[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(7):1337-1340.
[6]LIU J C,ZHANG L P,ZHANG Y Z,et al.Validation of an agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20(5):599-606.
[7]MA X,LI Y,ZHANG M,et al.Assessment and analysis of nonpoint source nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Hubei Province,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,412-413:154-161.
[8]严婷婷,王红华,孙治旭,等.滇池流域农村生活污水产排污系数研究[J].环境科学导刊,2010,29(4):46-48.
[9]陈景春,刘诗云,彭绪亚.重庆长寿湖农村生活污水污染及综合防治对策研究[J].农业环境与发展,2008,25(6):94-98.
[10]帅方敏,王新生,陈红兵,等.长湖流域非点源污染现状分析[J].云南地理环境研究,2007,19(5):118-122.
[11]张导,张琰,宋学宏,等.苏州市环太湖农业面源污染调查及控制对策[J].农业环境与发展,2009,26(6):71-75.
[12]段亮,段增强,夏四清.太湖旱地非点源污染定量化研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(6):40-43.
[13]伊平,张磊,包键.天目湖流域农业面源污染控制研究[J].污染防治技术,2008,21(6):38-40,43.
[14]王晓燕,张雅帆,欧洋.北京密云水库上游太师屯镇非点源污染损失估算[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(4):37-41.
[15]董蓓蓓,马淑花,曹宏斌,等.乌梁素海流域污染现状分析及防治对策[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(17):10402-10405,10408.
[16]GRUNWALDA S,NORTON L D.Calibration and validation of a non-point source pollution model[J].Agricultural Water Management,2000,45(1):17-39.
[17]李怀恩.估算非点源污染负荷的平均浓度法及其应用[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(4):397-400.
[18]洪小康,李怀恩.水质水量相关法在非点源污染负荷估算中的应用[J].西安理工大学学报,2000,16(4):384-386.
[19]钱秀红.杭嘉湖平原农业非点源污染的调查评价及控制对策研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2001.
[20]赖斯芸,杜鹏飞,陈吉宁.基于单元分析的非点源污染调查评估方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(9):1184-1187.
[21]陈敏鹏,陈吉宁,赖斯芸.中国农业和农村污染的清单分析与空间特征识别[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(6):751-755.
[22]刘承志.等标污染负荷法在苏州市污染源普查评价中的应用[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(6):141-144.
[23]蔡金洲,范先鹏,黄敏,等.湖北省三峡库区农业面源污染解析[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1421-1430.
[24]张小勇,范先鹏,刘冬碧,等.丹江口库区湖北水源区农业面源污染现状调查及评价[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(16):3461-3464.
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[27]赵丽莉,钟崇林,李有.河南省农业面源污染现状与防治对策[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(7):186-188.
[28]石磊,赵由才,柴晓利.我国农作物秸秆的综合利用技术进展[J].中国沼气,2005,23(2):12-14.
[29]何文清,严昌荣,赵彩霞,等.我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):533-538.