固溶处理对304不锈钢晶界特征及腐蚀性能的影响
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摘要
研究了固溶处理工艺对304不锈钢试样在乙二酸中的晶间腐蚀敏感性和不同硝酸体系中的耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:在试验条件下,固溶温度升高,得到的试样晶粒尺寸增大,晶界处腐蚀倾向降低,晶间腐蚀后的试样表面属于双重结构,即除台阶外,晶粒边界处有一些沟槽,但无被完全环绕的晶粒;适当升高固溶温度有利于增强不锈钢表面的耐蚀性能,较快的冷却方式(水冷)更有利于得到耐电化学腐蚀性能更好的试样。另外,随着硝酸溶液温度升高,不锈钢表面自腐蚀电流(I_(corr))增大,腐蚀更易发生;在较高浓度(10%～12.5%)的硝酸溶液中,虽然氢离子浓度较大,但由于不锈钢形成了更加坚固的钝化膜,抑制阳极反应的发生,降低了腐蚀倾向,具有更好的抗点蚀能力。
Effect of solid solution treatment on the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and electrochemical corrosion of 304 stainless steel was studied. The results show that with the solution temperature rises,the grain size of the steel increases and the intergranular corrosion tendency decreases. After corrosion,it exhibits a step microstructure and grooves at grain boundary on surface of the steel. The corrosion resistance of the steel can be improved by means of properly increasing the solution temperature and choosing a faster cooling way such as water quenching. Besides,with the nitric acid solution temperature rises,the corrosion current (I_(corr)) increases,in which pitting corrosion is more likely to happen. Moreover,in high concentration (10%-12. 5%) of nitric acid,a stability passive film can be formed on the surface of 304 stainless steel,which prevents the reaction of the anode,lowers the corrosion,and shows a better anti-corrosive ability.
Effect of solid solution treatment on the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and electrochemical corrosion of 304 stainless steel was studied. The results show that with the solution temperature rises,the grain size of the steel increases and the intergranular corrosion tendency decreases. After corrosion,it exhibits a step microstructure and grooves at grain boundary on surface of the steel. The corrosion resistance of the steel can be improved by means of properly increasing the solution temperature and choosing a faster cooling way such as water quenching. Besides,with the nitric acid solution temperature rises,the corrosion current (I_(corr)) increases,in which pitting corrosion is more likely to happen. Moreover,in high concentration (10%-12. 5%) of nitric acid,a stability passive film can be formed on the surface of 304 stainless steel,which prevents the reaction of the anode,lowers the corrosion,and shows a better anti-corrosive ability.
引文
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[5]王东东,梁灿,段权,等.敏化处理对316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀的影响[J].化工机械,2015,42(6):754-758.Wang Dongong,Liang Gan,Duan Quan,et al.Influence of sensitizing treatment on 316L stainless steel intergranular corrosion[J].Chemical Engineering&Machinery,2015,42(6):754-758.
[6]史勤益,颜余仁,赵先锐,等.304奥氏体不锈钢的热处理工艺研究[J].科学技术与工程,2011,11(24):5910-5913.Shi Qinyi,Yan Yuren,Zhao Xianrui,et al.Heat treatment process of304 austenitic stainless steel[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,11(24):5910-5913.
[7]丁海峰,杨吉春,张春香,等.304N不锈钢的最佳固溶处理工艺[J].金属热处理,2017,42(1):127-130.Ding Haifeng,Yang Jichun,Zhang Chunxiang,et al.Optimum solution treatment process of 304N stainless steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2017,42(1):127-130.
[8]杜楠,叶超,田文明,等.304不锈钢点蚀行为的电化学阻抗谱研究[J].工程材料,2014(6):68-73.Du Nan,Ye Chao,Tian Wenming,et al.304 stainless steel pitting behavior by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2014(6):68-73.
[9]Qiao Yuanyuan,Zou Dening,Li Jiao,et al.Effect of solution temperature on microstructure of 2205 stainless steel welded joints[J].Material Science Forum,2010,658:432-435.
[10]孙小燕,刘孝光,汪列隆,等.固溶处理对316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀性能的影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2014,26(3):228-232.Sun Xiaoyan,Liu Xiaoguang,Wang Lielong,et al.Influence of solution annealing on intergranular corrosion resistance of 316Lstainless steel[J].Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2014,26(3):228-232.