一种新型圆锥变幅杆的节点设计与试验分析
|
摘要
为了解决传统超声加工系统中谐振频率飘移及能量损失的问题,基于变截面杆纵振波动方程,在考虑固定件——法兰盘外观尺寸的前提下,首先建立一种新型圆锥变幅杆的节点计算公式,避免了传统超声加工系统设计时因不考虑连接处尺寸而造成系统变幅杆节点实际位置与理论计算不重合的问题,为超声振动系统稳定加工提供一定的理论支撑;其次,基于所建立的新型节点计算公式,分析法兰盘外观尺寸变化对节点位置的影响;最后,进行振动性能试验和有限元仿真验证。结果表明,与传统变幅杆设计理论相比,基于新型变幅杆节点计算公式所设计的变幅杆谐振频率更接近于设计频率,放大系数更大,振动效果更佳,证明基于该理论所设计的声学系统较为可靠。
To deal with the problems of the stabilization of ultrasonic vibration system (UVS) such as resonance frequency drift and energy loss,a new designed formula of the conical horn node was put forward,which was deduced from its wave equation of the bar with variable cross-section considering the size of the fixed part,and it was efficient to solve the problems that theoretical calculation value of the node did not coincide with its actual value. This provided the theoretical supports for the processing stability of UVS. Then,the node of the conical horn under the different size of the fixed part was theoretically analyzed based on the design formula of the node. Finally,the vibration characteristics test of UVS and the finite element simulation of the conical horn were carried out. The results showed that the resonant frequency of UVS was much closer to its design frequency,and a greater magnification coefficient and a better vibration effect of horn could be achieved based on the designed formula of the horn node in comparison with traditional design theory of horn,and that the acoustic system designed by this theory was more reliable.
To deal with the problems of the stabilization of ultrasonic vibration system (UVS) such as resonance frequency drift and energy loss,a new designed formula of the conical horn node was put forward,which was deduced from its wave equation of the bar with variable cross-section considering the size of the fixed part,and it was efficient to solve the problems that theoretical calculation value of the node did not coincide with its actual value. This provided the theoretical supports for the processing stability of UVS. Then,the node of the conical horn under the different size of the fixed part was theoretically analyzed based on the design formula of the node. Finally,the vibration characteristics test of UVS and the finite element simulation of the conical horn were carried out. The results showed that the resonant frequency of UVS was much closer to its design frequency,and a greater magnification coefficient and a better vibration effect of horn could be achieved based on the designed formula of the horn node in comparison with traditional design theory of horn,and that the acoustic system designed by this theory was more reliable.
引文
[1]张云电.硬脆材料加工技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.ZHANG Y D.Hard and brittle material processing technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[2]冯平法,王健健,张建富,等.硬脆材料旋转超声加工技术的研究现状及展望[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(19):3-21.FENG P F,WANG J J,ZHANG J F,et al.Research status and future prospects of rotary ultrasonic machining of hard and brittle materials[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(19):3-21.
[3]潘巧生,刘永斌,贺良国,等.一种大振幅超声变幅杆设计[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(9):1-5.PAN Q S,LIU Y B,HE L G,et al.Design of an ultrasonic horn with high amplitude of longitudinal vibration[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(9):1-5.
[4]白基成,郭永丰,杨晓冬.特种加工技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015.BAI J C,GUO Y F,YANG X D,et al.Technology of non-traditional machining[M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,2015.
[5]胡小平,黄仕彪,张云电.圆锥形变幅杆的设计及有限元分析[J].机电工程,2005,22(2):32-36.HU X P,HUANG S B,ZHANG Y D.The design and finite element analyses of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of conical type[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005,22(2):32-36.
[6]赵波,许永强,郑友益,等.基于ANSYS的超声变幅杆节点优化及振动性能试验[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(3):304-308.ZHAO B,XU Y Q,ZHENG Y Y,et al.Node optimization of ultrasonic amplitude transformer based on[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2014,33(3):304-308.
[7]陈俊波.超声变幅杆节点优化设计[J].声学与电子工程,2009(3):23-24.CHEN J B.Optimal design of ultrasonic horn node[J].Acoustics and Electronics Engineering,2009(3):23-24.
[8]赵明利,程雪利,赵波.带工具头超声变幅杆节点定位偏差问题分析[J].声学技术,2013(3):253-256.ZHAO M L,CHENG X L,ZHAO B.Research on the node localization deviation of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer with tool head[J].Technical Acoustics,2013(3):253-256.
[9]阳培,赵波.用于功率超声磨削声学系统的阶梯型变幅杆节点位置研究[J].机械传动,2010,34(10):54-57.YANG P,ZHAO B.Research on the node position of stepped horn using in power ultrasonic grinding system[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2010,34(10):54-57.
[10]ZHOU G.The performance and design of ultrasonic vibration system for flexural mode[J].Ultrasonics,2000,38(10):979-984.
[11]唐军,赵波,陈曦.纵-扭同频复合超声振动变幅杆设计[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):33-37.TANG J,ZHAO B,CHEN X.Design of the longitudinaltorsional composite mode ultrasonic vibration horn[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2013,41(6):33-37.
[12]林仲茂.超声变幅杆的原理和设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.LIN Z M.Principle and design of ultrasonic horn[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.
[13]张向慧,钱桦.1/2波长复合形变幅杆的有限元分析[J].南京理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):99-102.ZHANG X H,QIAN H.Finite element analysis of 1/2wavelength composite solid horn[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2010,34(1):99-102.
[14]张勤俭,曹建国,赵路明.基于有限元方法的阶梯形超声变幅杆设计及优化[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015(s1):134-140.ZHANG Q J,CAO J G,ZHAO L M.Design and optimization of the ladder-type ultrasonic amplitude transformer using finite element method[J].Journal of Applied Foundation and Engineering Science,2015(s1):134-140.
[2]冯平法,王健健,张建富,等.硬脆材料旋转超声加工技术的研究现状及展望[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(19):3-21.FENG P F,WANG J J,ZHANG J F,et al.Research status and future prospects of rotary ultrasonic machining of hard and brittle materials[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(19):3-21.
[3]潘巧生,刘永斌,贺良国,等.一种大振幅超声变幅杆设计[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(9):1-5.PAN Q S,LIU Y B,HE L G,et al.Design of an ultrasonic horn with high amplitude of longitudinal vibration[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(9):1-5.
[4]白基成,郭永丰,杨晓冬.特种加工技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015.BAI J C,GUO Y F,YANG X D,et al.Technology of non-traditional machining[M].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press,2015.
[5]胡小平,黄仕彪,张云电.圆锥形变幅杆的设计及有限元分析[J].机电工程,2005,22(2):32-36.HU X P,HUANG S B,ZHANG Y D.The design and finite element analyses of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer of conical type[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005,22(2):32-36.
[6]赵波,许永强,郑友益,等.基于ANSYS的超声变幅杆节点优化及振动性能试验[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(3):304-308.ZHAO B,XU Y Q,ZHENG Y Y,et al.Node optimization of ultrasonic amplitude transformer based on[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2014,33(3):304-308.
[7]陈俊波.超声变幅杆节点优化设计[J].声学与电子工程,2009(3):23-24.CHEN J B.Optimal design of ultrasonic horn node[J].Acoustics and Electronics Engineering,2009(3):23-24.
[8]赵明利,程雪利,赵波.带工具头超声变幅杆节点定位偏差问题分析[J].声学技术,2013(3):253-256.ZHAO M L,CHENG X L,ZHAO B.Research on the node localization deviation of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer with tool head[J].Technical Acoustics,2013(3):253-256.
[9]阳培,赵波.用于功率超声磨削声学系统的阶梯型变幅杆节点位置研究[J].机械传动,2010,34(10):54-57.YANG P,ZHAO B.Research on the node position of stepped horn using in power ultrasonic grinding system[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2010,34(10):54-57.
[10]ZHOU G.The performance and design of ultrasonic vibration system for flexural mode[J].Ultrasonics,2000,38(10):979-984.
[11]唐军,赵波,陈曦.纵-扭同频复合超声振动变幅杆设计[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):33-37.TANG J,ZHAO B,CHEN X.Design of the longitudinaltorsional composite mode ultrasonic vibration horn[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2013,41(6):33-37.
[12]林仲茂.超声变幅杆的原理和设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.LIN Z M.Principle and design of ultrasonic horn[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.
[13]张向慧,钱桦.1/2波长复合形变幅杆的有限元分析[J].南京理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):99-102.ZHANG X H,QIAN H.Finite element analysis of 1/2wavelength composite solid horn[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2010,34(1):99-102.
[14]张勤俭,曹建国,赵路明.基于有限元方法的阶梯形超声变幅杆设计及优化[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015(s1):134-140.ZHANG Q J,CAO J G,ZHAO L M.Design and optimization of the ladder-type ultrasonic amplitude transformer using finite element method[J].Journal of Applied Foundation and Engineering Science,2015(s1):134-140.