巷道内径向裂纹在冲击载荷作用下的起裂与扩展研究
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摘要
为了研究在冲击载荷作用下巷道围岩周边径向裂纹的破坏机制,利用落锤冲击试验机冲击含径向裂纹的砂岩拱形巷道模型,裂纹与巷道拱顶圆弧圆心成不同倾角(θ=0°～90°),借助裂纹扩展计及应变片确定试样裂纹的起裂时刻及裂纹传播速度,并分析裂纹扩展路径中的止裂问题和计算起裂韧度,随后进行相关的数值模拟。研究发现:Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型裂纹的扩展行为与Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型起裂韧度都有较大关系,同时与预制裂纹倾角θ也有较大关系,动载荷下的Ⅰ型起裂韧度与静载荷下的Ⅰ型起裂韧度存在很大差异;纯Ⅰ型裂纹起裂方向与原裂纹方向相同,并在扩展过程中存在止裂现象,但Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型裂纹与原裂纹成一定夹角起裂并扩展形成翼型裂纹,随后沿着巷道的对称轴中间区域进行扩展;巷道模型在动力载荷作用与静力载荷作用下,两侧边墙的破坏行为有很大差别。
In order to clearly investigate the mechanism of radical crack around roadway under dynamic loading, the horseshoe-shaped sandstone roadway model was made and experimentally tested by the drop-hammer impact testing machine. In the test, the pre-crack inclination angle θ ranges from 0o to90o. The crack-initiation moment and propagation speed, as well as the arrest phenomenon in crack propagation path and the crack-initiation toughness were determined by using the crack propagation gauge(CPG) and strain gauge measuring system. Meanwhile, corresponding numerical simulation was carried out. Results showed that the behavior of Ⅰ/Ⅱ mixed mode crack is related to the crack-initiation toughness of mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ. It is also affected by the crack angle θ. Big differences in crack-initiation toughness of mode Ⅰ exist between dynamic loads and quasi-static loads. The initiation direction of mode I crack is same to that of original crack, during which, crack arrest exists. There is an angle between the mixed mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ crack and original crack, the former forms a wing crack. Finally it propagates along the middle area of the roadway's symmetrical axis. Under the dynamic loads and static loads, the fracture behaviors of two side walls were very different.
In order to clearly investigate the mechanism of radical crack around roadway under dynamic loading, the horseshoe-shaped sandstone roadway model was made and experimentally tested by the drop-hammer impact testing machine. In the test, the pre-crack inclination angle θ ranges from 0o to90o. The crack-initiation moment and propagation speed, as well as the arrest phenomenon in crack propagation path and the crack-initiation toughness were determined by using the crack propagation gauge(CPG) and strain gauge measuring system. Meanwhile, corresponding numerical simulation was carried out. Results showed that the behavior of Ⅰ/Ⅱ mixed mode crack is related to the crack-initiation toughness of mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ. It is also affected by the crack angle θ. Big differences in crack-initiation toughness of mode Ⅰ exist between dynamic loads and quasi-static loads. The initiation direction of mode I crack is same to that of original crack, during which, crack arrest exists. There is an angle between the mixed mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ crack and original crack, the former forms a wing crack. Finally it propagates along the middle area of the roadway's symmetrical axis. Under the dynamic loads and static loads, the fracture behaviors of two side walls were very different.
引文
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[19]ZHU Z M.Numerical prediction of crater blasting and bench blasting[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46(6):1088-1096.
[20]ZHU Z M,MOHANTY B,XIE H P.Numerical investigation of blasting-induced crack initiation and propagation in rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2007,44(3):412-424.
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[22]李祥龙,张松涛,李明扬,等.基于AUTODYN的岩石中爆炸鼓包运动模拟[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):419-424.LI Xianglong,ZHANG Songtao,LI Mingyang,et al.Simulation research of AUTODYN-based bulging motion of rock blast[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Sup 2):419-424.
[23]解德,钱勒,李长安.断裂力学中的数值计算方法及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:134-145.
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[26]周磊,朱哲明,李元鑫.基于有限元强度折减法分析主应力方向对隧道稳定性的影响[J].现代隧道技术,2017,54(2):61-67.ZHOU Lei,ZHU Zheming,LI Yuanxin.Analysis of the influence of principal stress direction on tunnel stability based on finite element strength reduction method[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2017,54(2):61-67.
[27]叶卫平.Origin9.1科技绘图及数据分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015:299-319.
[28]王鲁明,赵坚,华安增,等.脆性材料SHPB实验技术的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1798-1802.WANG Luming,ZHAO Jian,HUA Anzeng,et al.Research on SHPB testing technique for brittle material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1798-1802.
[29]CHEN Y M.Numerical computation of dynamic stress intensity factors by a Lagrangian finite-difference method(the HEMP code)[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1975,7(4):653-660.
[30]CHEN W W,SONG B.Split Hopkinson(Kolsky)Bar-design testing and applications[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2010.
[2]王爽,周晓军,姜波,等.落石冲击下隧道大跨度棚洞的动力响应数值分析与抗冲击研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2016,36(4):548-556.WANG Shuang,ZHOU Xiaojun,JIANG Bo,et al.Numerical analysis of dynamic response and impact resistance of a large-span rock shed in a tunnel under rockfall impact[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2016,36(4):548-556.
[3]潘一山,吕祥锋,李忠华,等.高速冲击载荷作用下巷道动态破坏过程试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1281-1286.PAN Yishan,LYU Xiangfeng,LI Zhonghua,et al.Experimental study of dynamic failure process of roadway under high velocity impact loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1281-1286.
[4]李地元,成腾蛟,周韬,等.冲击载荷作用下含孔洞大理岩动态力学破坏特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):249-260.LI Diyuan,CHENG Tengjiao,ZHOU Tao,et al.Experimental study of the dynamic strength and fracturing characteristics of marble specimens with a single hole under impact loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):249-260.
[5]范天佑.断裂动力学原理与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006:24-35.
[6]杨井瑞,张财贵,周妍,等.用SCDC试样测试岩石动态断裂韧度的新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):279-292.YANG Jingrui,ZHANG Caigui,ZHOU Yan,et al.A new method for determining dynamic fracture toughness of rock using SCDC specimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):279-292.
[7]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.A review of dynamic experimental techniques and mechanical behavior of rock materials[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,47(4):1411-1478.
[8]JIANG F,VECCHIO K S.Hopkinson bar loaded fracture experimental technique:a critical review of dynamic fracture toughness tests[J].Applied Mechanics Reviews,2009,62(6):1469-1474.
[9]宋义敏,杨小彬,杨晟萱,等.冲击载荷下岩石裂纹动态断裂参数研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(5):834-839.SONG Yimin,YANG Xiaobin,YANG Shengxuan,et al.The research of rock dynamic fracture parameter under the action of impact load[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(5):834-839.
[10]WANG M,ZHU Z M,DONG Y Q,et al.Study of mixed-mode I/II fractures using single cleavage semicircle compression specimens under impacting loads[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2017,177:33-44.
[11]王蒙,朱哲明,王雄.冲击荷载作用下的Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型裂纹扩展规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1323-1332.WANG Meng,ZHU Zheming,WANG Xiong.The growth of mixed-mode I/II under impacting loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1323-1332.
[12]王蒙,朱哲明,谢军.岩石I-II复合型裂纹动态扩展SHPB实验及数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2474-2485.WANG Meng,ZHU Zheming,XIE Jun.Experimental and numerical studies of the mixed-mode I and II crack propagation under dynamic loading using SPHB[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2474-2485.
[13]WANG Q Z,FENG F,NI M,et al.Measurement of mode I and mode II rock dynamic fracture toughness with cracked straight through flattened Brazilian disc impacted by split Hopkinson pressure bar[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2011,78(12):2455-2469.
[14]WANG Q Z,XING L.Determination of fracture toughness KIC by using the flattened Brazilian disk specimen for rocks[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1999,64(2):193-201.
[15]WANG Q Z,YANG J R,ZHANG C G,et al.Sequential determination of dynamic initiation and propagation toughness of rock using an experimental-numericalanalytical method[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2015,141:78-94.
[16]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.Effect of loading rate on fracture toughness and failure micromechanisms in marble[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2013,102(2):288-309.
[17]ZHANG Q B,ZHAO J.Determination of mechanical properties and full-field strain measurements of rock material under dynamic loads[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2013,60(8):423-439.
[18]ZHU Z M,WANG C,KANG J M,et al.Study on the mechanism of zonal disintegration around an excavation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2014,67(4):88-95.
[19]ZHU Z M.Numerical prediction of crater blasting and bench blasting[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46(6):1088-1096.
[20]ZHU Z M,MOHANTY B,XIE H P.Numerical investigation of blasting-induced crack initiation and propagation in rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2007,44(3):412-424.
[21]ZHU Z M,XIE H P,MOHANTY B.Numerical investigation of blasting-induced damage in cylindrical rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2008,45(2):111-121.
[22]李祥龙,张松涛,李明扬,等.基于AUTODYN的岩石中爆炸鼓包运动模拟[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):419-424.LI Xianglong,ZHANG Songtao,LI Mingyang,et al.Simulation research of AUTODYN-based bulging motion of rock blast[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Sup 2):419-424.
[23]解德,钱勒,李长安.断裂力学中的数值计算方法及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:134-145.
[24]ZHU Z M,LI Y X,XIE J,et al.The effect of principal stress orientation on tunnel stability[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2015,49:279-286.
[25]周磊,朱哲明,刘邦.隧道周边不同位置径向裂纹对隧道围岩稳定性影响规律的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(7):1230-1237.ZHOU Lei,ZHU Zheming,LIU Bang.Influence of radial cracks on stability of surrounding rocks at different locations around tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(7):1230-1237.
[26]周磊,朱哲明,李元鑫.基于有限元强度折减法分析主应力方向对隧道稳定性的影响[J].现代隧道技术,2017,54(2):61-67.ZHOU Lei,ZHU Zheming,LI Yuanxin.Analysis of the influence of principal stress direction on tunnel stability based on finite element strength reduction method[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2017,54(2):61-67.
[27]叶卫平.Origin9.1科技绘图及数据分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015:299-319.
[28]王鲁明,赵坚,华安增,等.脆性材料SHPB实验技术的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1798-1802.WANG Luming,ZHAO Jian,HUA Anzeng,et al.Research on SHPB testing technique for brittle material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1798-1802.
[29]CHEN Y M.Numerical computation of dynamic stress intensity factors by a Lagrangian finite-difference method(the HEMP code)[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1975,7(4):653-660.
[30]CHEN W W,SONG B.Split Hopkinson(Kolsky)Bar-design testing and applications[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2010.