短花针茅荒漠草原植物地上地下生物量对载畜率和降水的响应
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摘要
该研究于内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市四子王旗农牧科学院基地进行,试验采用完全随机区组设计,3个区组内各自设置了对照(CK)、轻度载畜率(LG)、中度载畜率(MG)、重度载畜率(HG)处理,在每个载畜率试验小区内随机设置了4个降水梯度(自然降水、减少50%降水、增加50%降水、增加100%降水),在短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率试验基础上模拟降水试验,分析植物地上地下生物量对载畜率和降水变化的响应特征。结果表明:(1)4种载畜率基础上增加50%降水,短花针茅荒漠草原的植物种数显著高于减少50%降水(P<0.05),但与增加100%降水无显著差异;轻度载畜率下增加50%降水时物种数最多。(2)轻度、中度载畜率下增加50%降水地上生物量显著高于减少50%降水和自然降水,但与增加100%降水无显著差异;水分改变均没有使围封、重度载畜率地上生物量出现显著变化。(3)随着载畜率的增加,根系现存量随着土层的深度增加而逐渐降低,水分增加使得根系现存量出现降低趋势。(4)根系现存量与地上生物量呈一次函数极显著正相关关系(R=0.92,P<0.01)。
The study was conducted at the Siziwangqi Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy Base in Wulanchabu of Inner Mongolia.The stocking rate test used a completely randomized block design,which is included contrast,light stocking rate,moderate stocking rate and high stocking rate in each of three blocks,and four precipitation gradients were randomly set in each stocking rate test area:natural precipitation,50%reduced,50%increased and 100%increased.The simulated precipitation test and the stocking rate test based on the different stocking rate tests of Stipabrevifloradesert were carried out to analyze the corresponding characteristics of the aboveground and underground biomass of the plant on the stocking rate and precipitation and the results have been showed that:(1)the number of plant species in S.brevifloradesert based on 4 species of stocking rates in 50% increased precipitation was significantly higher than that of 50% reduced precipitation(P<0.05),but it was no significant difference with 100% in-creased precipitation,(P >0.05)and in light stocking rate,the number of species in 50%increased precipitation was the most;(2)The aboveground biomass of 50%increased precipitation in light and moderate stocking rate was significantly higher than that of 50% reduced precipitation and environmental rainfall,but it was not different with 100%increased precipitation(P>0.05).Whereas,precipitation did not lead to significant changes in the amount of aboveground biomass(P<0.05)in the enclosure and the heavy stocking rate;(3)With the increase of stocking rate,the root stock decreased gradually as the depth of the soil layer increased,increased water content also reduced the amount of root stock;(4)There was a significant positive correlation which has been shown as a linear function between root exudates and aboveground biomass(r=0.92,P<0.01).
The study was conducted at the Siziwangqi Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy Base in Wulanchabu of Inner Mongolia.The stocking rate test used a completely randomized block design,which is included contrast,light stocking rate,moderate stocking rate and high stocking rate in each of three blocks,and four precipitation gradients were randomly set in each stocking rate test area:natural precipitation,50%reduced,50%increased and 100%increased.The simulated precipitation test and the stocking rate test based on the different stocking rate tests of Stipabrevifloradesert were carried out to analyze the corresponding characteristics of the aboveground and underground biomass of the plant on the stocking rate and precipitation and the results have been showed that:(1)the number of plant species in S.brevifloradesert based on 4 species of stocking rates in 50% increased precipitation was significantly higher than that of 50% reduced precipitation(P<0.05),but it was no significant difference with 100% in-creased precipitation,(P >0.05)and in light stocking rate,the number of species in 50%increased precipitation was the most;(2)The aboveground biomass of 50%increased precipitation in light and moderate stocking rate was significantly higher than that of 50% reduced precipitation and environmental rainfall,but it was not different with 100%increased precipitation(P>0.05).Whereas,precipitation did not lead to significant changes in the amount of aboveground biomass(P<0.05)in the enclosure and the heavy stocking rate;(3)With the increase of stocking rate,the root stock decreased gradually as the depth of the soil layer increased,increased water content also reduced the amount of root stock;(4)There was a significant positive correlation which has been shown as a linear function between root exudates and aboveground biomass(r=0.92,P<0.01).
引文
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[2]苏日娜,俎佳星,金花,等.内蒙古草地生产力及载畜量变化分析[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(4):605-612.SU R N,ZU J X,JIN H,et al.Changes in grassland productivity and livestock carrying capacity in Inner Mongolia[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(4):605-612.
[3]魏志成.不同类型草地地上生物量空间分布格局的研究[D].陕西杨陵;西北农林科技大学,2016.
[4]杨婷婷.荒漠草原生物量动态及碳储量空间分布研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[5]李刚.浑善达克沙地稀树疏林草地生态系统研究:生物量、生产力与生态恢复途径[D].北京;中国科学院研究生院(植物研究所),2006.
[6]刘秀梅.不同放牧强度对荒漠草原土壤特性和地上生物量的影响[J].草食家畜,2017,(3):45-48.LIU X M.Effects on soil properties and aboveground biomass of desert grassland on different grazing intensities[J].GrassFeeding Livestock.2017,(3):45-48.
[7]冯金虎,赵新全,皮南林,等.不同放牧强度对高寒草甸草场的影响[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1989,(3):15-17.FENG J H,ZHAO X Q,PI N L,et al.Effect of different grazing intensity on alpine meadow grassland[J].Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,1989,(3):15-17.
[8]王德利,王岭.草食动物与草地植物多样性的互作关系研究进展[J].草地学报,2011,19(4):699-704.WANG D L,WANG L.Interactions between herbivores and plant diversity(Review)[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2011,19(4):699-704.
[9]王玉辉,周广胜.内蒙古羊草草原植物群落地上初级生产力时间动态对降水变化的响应[J].生态学报,2004,(6):1 140-1 145.WANG Y H,ZHOU G S.Responses of temporal dynamics of aboveground net primary productivity of Leymus chinensis community to precipitation fluctuation in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,(6):1 140-1 145.
[10]董全民,李青云,马玉寿,等.牦牛放牧率对小嵩草高寒草甸地上、地下生物量的影响初析[J].四川草原,2004,(2):20-27.DONG Q M,LI Q Y,MA Y S,et al.Effects of yak stocking rates on aboveground and belowground biomass on Kobreeia pavra alpine meadows[J].Journal of Sichuan Grassland.2004,(2):20-27.
[11]锡林图雅,徐柱,郑阳.等.不同放牧率对内蒙古克氏针茅草原地下生物量及地上净初级生产量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(3):26-29.XI L T Y,XU Z,ZHENG Y,et al.Influence of different stocking rates on underground biomass and net primary productivity on Stipa krylovii steppe in Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(3):26-29.
[12]黄德青,于兰,张耀生,等.祁连山北坡天然草地地下生物量及其与环境因子的关系[J].草业学报,2011,20(5):1-10.HUANG D Q,YU L,ZHANG Y S,et al.Belowground biomass and its relationship to environmental factors of natural grassland on the northern slopes of Qilian Mountains[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(5):1-10.
[13]IPCC.Climate change 2007:The physical Science Basis.Contribution of working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the International Panel on Climate Change[R].Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,UK,2007.
[14]BAI W M,WAN S Q,NIU S L,et al.Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root production,mortality,and turnover in a temperate steppe:implications for ecosystem cycling[J].Glob Change Biol,2010,16:1 306-1 316.
[15]GREEN I J,DAWSON LA,PROCTOR J.et al.Fine root dynamics in a tropical rain forest is influenced by rainfall[J].Plant Soil,2005,276:23-32.
[16]METCALFE D B,MEIR P,ARAGAO LEOC,et al.The effects of water availability on root growth and morphology in an Amazon rainforest[J].Plant Soil,2008,311:189-199.
[17]FAY P A,CARLISLE J D,KNAPP A K,et al.Productivity responses to altered rainfall patterns in a C4-dominated grassland[J].Oecologia,2003,137:245-51.
[18]王明玖,马长升.两种方法估算草地载畜量的研究[J].中国草地,1994,(5):19-22.WANG M J,MA C S.A study on methods of estimating the carrying capacity of grassland[J].Grassland of China,1994,(5):19-22.
[19]卫智军,韩国栋,杨静,等.短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落特征对不同载畜率水平的响应[J].中国草地,2000,(6):2-6.WEI Z J,HAN G D,YANG J,et al.The response of Stipa breviflora community to stocking rate[J].Grassland of China,2000,(6):2-6.
[20]王合云.不同放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落及土壤的影响[D].济南:山东农业大学,2016.
[21]黄琛,张宇,赵萌莉,等.放牧强度对荒漠草原植被特征的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(11):1 814-1 818.HUANG C,ZHANG Y,ZHAO M L,et al.Effects of different grazing intensities on vegetation characteristics of desert steppe[J].Pratacultural Science,2013,30(11):1 814-1 818.
[22]高伟,鲍雅静,李政海,等.不同保护和利用方式下羊草草原群落生物量及能量功能群构成的比较[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(6):132-136.GAO W,BAO Y J,LI Z H,et al.Comparison of biomass and energy functional groups composition under different protection and using styles in Leymus chinensis grassland community[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2010,24(6):132-136.
[23]SCHONBACH P,WAN H,GIERUS M,et al.Effect of grazing and precipitation on herbage production,herbage nurtritive value and performance of sheep in continental steppe[J].Grass and Forage Science,2012,67(4):535-545
[24]杨婧,褚鹏飞,陈迪马,等.放牧对内蒙古典型草原α、β和γ多样性的影响机制[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(2):188-200.YANG J,CHU P F,CHEN D M,et al.Mechanisms underlying the impacts of grazing on plantα,βandγdiversity in a typical steppe of the Inner Mongolia grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology2014,38(2):188-200.
[25]王忠武.载畜率对短花针茅荒漠草原生态系统稳定性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
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