贵州水稻有效降水量和需水量特征分析
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摘要
为了分析贵州水稻生育期内有效降水量和需水量等水资源的变化特征,研究基于贵州80个气象站点1961—2015年的逐日气象资料,采用美国农业部(USDA)土壤保持局推荐的有效降水量和联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)推荐的参考作物蒸散量计算方法,计算贵州水稻不同生育期内的有效降水量和需水量,并分析水稻不同生育阶段缺水量和灌溉需求指数的变化特征。结果表明:1961—2015年,贵州水稻全生育期有效降水量为324 mm,呈递减趋势,其中,移栽—抽穗期是有效降水量最大的阶段,呈递增趋势,其他生育期有效降水量均为递减趋势;水稻全生育期需水量为737 mm,呈递减趋势,其中,移栽—抽穗期、抽穗—灌浆期需水量呈递减趋势,其他生育期需水量呈递增趋势;水稻全生育期多年平均缺水量为413 mm,呈递增趋势,其中,移栽—抽穗期缺水量呈递减趋势,其他生育期呈递增趋势。全生育期作物水分盈亏指数为0. 56,其中,抽穗—灌浆期对灌溉依赖程度最高。
In order to analyze the characteristics of rice effective precipitation and irrigation water requirement in Guizhou,the daily meteorological data of 80 meteorological stations in Guizhou during 1961-2015 were collected,and the effective precipitation and water requirement in different growth stages of rice in Guizhou were calculated by effective precipitation recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture( USDA) Soil Conservation Agency and reference crop evapotranspiration recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization( FAO). The variation characteristics of irrigation amount and irrigation demand index at different rice growth stages were also analyzed. It was shown that the effective precipitation in the whole rice growth season in Guizhou was 324 mm,and presented a decreasing trend. The transplanting-heading period showed the highest effective precipitation along with an increasing trend,yet the effective precipitation in other growth periods showed a decline trend. The total water requirement of the whole rice growth season was 737 mm,and showed a decline trend. Specifically,the water requirement in rice transplanting-heading and heading-filling stage showed a decline trend,yet the water requirement in other growth period showed an increasing trend. The average water shortage during the whole rice growth season was 413 mm along with an increasing trend. The water shortage in rice transplanting-heading stage exhibited a decline trend,yet the water shortage in other growth period showed an increasing trend. The water budget index of the whole rice growht season was 0. 56. Within the whole growth season,the rice heading-filling stage was most dependent on irrigation.
In order to analyze the characteristics of rice effective precipitation and irrigation water requirement in Guizhou,the daily meteorological data of 80 meteorological stations in Guizhou during 1961-2015 were collected,and the effective precipitation and water requirement in different growth stages of rice in Guizhou were calculated by effective precipitation recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture( USDA) Soil Conservation Agency and reference crop evapotranspiration recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization( FAO). The variation characteristics of irrigation amount and irrigation demand index at different rice growth stages were also analyzed. It was shown that the effective precipitation in the whole rice growth season in Guizhou was 324 mm,and presented a decreasing trend. The transplanting-heading period showed the highest effective precipitation along with an increasing trend,yet the effective precipitation in other growth periods showed a decline trend. The total water requirement of the whole rice growth season was 737 mm,and showed a decline trend. Specifically,the water requirement in rice transplanting-heading and heading-filling stage showed a decline trend,yet the water requirement in other growth period showed an increasing trend. The average water shortage during the whole rice growth season was 413 mm along with an increasing trend. The water shortage in rice transplanting-heading stage exhibited a decline trend,yet the water shortage in other growth period showed an increasing trend. The water budget index of the whole rice growht season was 0. 56. Within the whole growth season,the rice heading-filling stage was most dependent on irrigation.
引文
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[3]曹永强,朱明明,李维佳.河北省典型区主要作物有效降雨量和需水量特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(2):560-570.CAO Y Q,ZHU M M,LI W J.Effective precipitation and water requirements of crops in Hebei Province over 60 years[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(2):560-570.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]胡惠杰,王猛,尹小刚,等.气候变化下东北农作区大豆需水量时空变化特征分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(2):21-31.HU H J,WANG M,YIN X G,et al.Spatial and temporal changes of soybean water requirement under climate changes in the northeast farming region of China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(2):21-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]庞艳梅,陈超,潘学标.1961-2010年四川盆地玉米有效降水和需水量的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):133-141.PANG Y M,CHEN C,PAN X B.Variation characteristics of maize effective precipitation and water requirement in Sichuan basin during 1961-2010[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(Supp.1):133-141.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]环海军,杨再强,刘岩,等.鲁中地区冬小麦水分盈亏及灌溉需水量的时空变化特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(5):866-872.HUAN H J,YANG Z Q,LIU Y,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of crop water surplus or deficit and irrigation water requirement for winter wheat in middle Shandong Province[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2016,34(5):866-872.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]陈超,庞艳梅,潘学标.气候变化背景下四川省单季稻水分盈亏的变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(9):1508-1519.CHEN C,PANG Y M,PAN X B.Variation characteristics of single cropping rice water surplus deficit under the background of climate change in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Natural Resource,2014,29(9):1508-1519.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]何俊欧,凌霄霞,张建设,等.近35年湖北省低丘平原区玉米需水量及旱涝时空变化[J].作物学报,2017,43(10):1536-1547.HE J O,LING X X,ZHANG J S,et al.Temporal-spatial variation of crop water requirement and frequency of drought and water logging disasters during maize growth stages in low hilly plain area of Hubei Province in last 35 years[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017,43(10):1536-1547.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]白芳芳,乔冬梅,庞颖,等.河南省冬小麦各生育期水分亏缺的空间分布及降水量突变检验[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(6):100-108.BAI F F,QIAO D M,PANG Y,et al.Spatial distribution of water deficit of winter wheat in different growing stages and spatial variation of precipitation in Henan Province[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2017,36(6):100-108.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]谢娟,粟晓玲.石羊河流域小麦净灌溉需水量全局敏感性分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(8):25-29.XIE J,SU X L.Global sensitivity analysis of net irrigation water requirement for wheat in Shiyang River Basin[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2016,35(8):25-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]李勇,杨晓光,叶清,等.1961-2007年长江中下游地区水稻需水量的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):175-183.LI Y,YANG X G,YE Q,et al.Variation characteristics of rice water requirement in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River during 1961-2007[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(9):175-183.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]罗玉峰,彭世彰,王卫光,等.气候变化对水稻灌溉需水量的影响:以高邮灌区为例[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2009,42(5):609-613.LUO Y F,PENG S Z,WANG W G,et al.Impacts of climate change on irrigation water requirements of rice:a case study of Gaoyou Irrigation District[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2009,42(5):609-613.
[13]符娜,刘小刚,张岩,等.西南地区水稻灌溉需水量变化规律[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1895-1901.FU N,LIU X G,ZHANG Y,et al.Variation pattern of rice irrigation water requirement in southwest of China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(7):1895-1901.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[16]胡玮,严昌荣,李迎春,等.气候变化对华北冬小麦生育期和灌溉需水量的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2367-2377.HU W,YAN C R,LI Y C,et al.Impacts of climate change on winter wheat growing period and irrigation water requirements in the North China plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(9):2367-2377.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]王瑶,赵传燕,田风霞,等.黑河中游春小麦需水量空间分布[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2374-2382.WANG Y,ZHAO C Y,TIAN F X,et al.Spatial variation of water requirement for spring wheat in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(9):2374-2382.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]尹海霞,张勃,王亚敏,等.黑河流域中游地区近43年来农作物需水量的变化趋势分析[J].资源科学,2012,34(3):409-417.YIN H X,ZHANG B,WANG Y M,et al.Research on the change trend of crop water requirement in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin in the recent 43 years[J].Resources Science,2012,34(3):409-417.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]曹红霞,粟晓玲,康绍忠,等.关中地区气候变化对主要作物需水量影响的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(4):6-9.CAO H X,SU X L,KANG S Z,et al.Effect of climate change on main crop water requirements in Guanzhong region[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2008,27(4):6-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]张顺谦,邓彪,杨云洁.四川旱地作物水分盈亏变化及其与气候变化的关系[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):105-111.ZHANG S Q,DENG B,YANG Y J.Change of water budget for dryland crops and its response to climate change in Sichuan Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(10):105-111.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]张建平,刘宗元,何永坤,等.西南地区水稻干旱时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3103-3110.ZHANG J P,LIU Z Y,HE Y K,et al.Temporal and spatial of rice drought in Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(10):3103-3110.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]张琪,李跃清.近48年西南地区降水量和雨日的气候变化特征[J].高原气象,2014,33(2):372-383.ZHANG Q,LI Y Q.Climatic variation of rainfall and rain day in Southwest China for last 48 years[J].Plateau Meteorology,2014,33(2):372-383.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]王芬,曹杰,李腹广,等.贵州不同等级降水日数气候特征及其与降水量的关系[J].高原气象,2015,34(1):145-154.WANG F,CAO J,LI F G,et al.Climate characteristics of rain days and the relationship between rain days and total amount of precipitation in Guizhou[J].Plateau Meteorology,2015,34(1):145-154.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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