饲粮n-6/n-3 PUFA比例对育成生长期雄性北极狐与银狐血清生化指标的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)配比对育成生长期雄性北极狐和银狐血液生化指标的影响,为其饲粮的配制提供参考。【方法】采用双因素随机设计,以品种(北极狐和银狐)和n-6/n-3PUFA比例(3,6,9和18)为试验因素,选取102日龄健康雄性北极狐和银狐各48只,预饲7d后均随机分成4组,每组12个重复,每重复1只狐,分别饲喂不同n-6/n-3PUFA配比的试验饲粮46d,试验结束后采集血清样品,测定试狐血清葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM、白介素-2(IL-2)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量,并计算球蛋白(GLOB)质量浓度和白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)值。【结果】1)北极狐血清TG、CHO、HDL-C浓度极显著高于银狐(P<0.01),银狐血清LDL-C浓度显著高于北极狐(P<0.05);n-6/n-3PUFA比例单一作用对血清CHO、LDL-C和GLU浓度有显著影响,对TG、HDL-C浓度无显著影响;品种和n-6/n-3PUFA比例交互作用对GLU浓度有显著影响,对LDL-C浓度有极显著影响,对TG,CHO、HDL-C浓度无显著影响。2)北极狐血清IL-2质量浓度极显著高于银狐(P<0.01);n-6/n-3PUFA比例单一作用对血清IL-2质量浓度有显著影响,对IgM和IgG质量浓度无显著影响;品种和n-6/n-3PUFA比例交互作用对IL-2、IgM质量浓度有显著影响,对IgG质量浓度无显著影响。3)银狐血清TP、ALB、GLOB质量浓度显著或极显著高于北极狐;n-6/n-3PUFA比例单一作用及与品种交互作用对血清TP、ALB、GLOB、A/G质量浓度无显著影响。【结论】北极狐和银狐生理代谢存在差异,北极狐血清脂类指标(除血清LDL-C外)含量均高于银狐,银狐血清蛋白类指标均高于北极狐,n-6/n-3PUFA比例为18的饲粮可降低北极狐和银狐血清糖脂指标,维持机体糖脂平衡;n-6/n-3PUFA比例为3的饲粮可使北极狐和银狐机体处于较好的免疫状态。
【Objective】This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on serum biochemical parameters of male arctic foxes and silver foxes during growing period.【Method】The double factor design was used with one factor of breed including arctic fox and silver fox and the other factor of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios including 3,6,9 and 18.Forty-eight male arctic foxes and silver foxes at the age of 102 days were randomly divided into 4 groups after 7 days adaption,with 12 replicates per group and1 fox per replicate.The foxes were fed on experimental diets with different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios for 46 days.After the experiment,serum samples were collected for the determination of glucose(GLU),triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(CHO),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM),interleukin 2(IL-2),total protein(TP),albumin(ALB)contents.Both globulin(GLOB)content and albumin/globulin(A/G)ratio were calculated.【Result】1)Serum contents of TG,CHO and HDL-C of arctic fox were extremely significantly higher than that in silver fox(P<0.01),while LDL-C content of silver fox was significantly higher than that in arctic fox(P<0.05).The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio had significant effect on serum CHO,LDL-C and GLU contents,while had no significant effect on TG and HDL-C contents.Interaction of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and breed significantly affected serum GLU content and extremely significantly affected serum LDL-C content,while did not significantly affect serum TG,CHO and HDL-C contents.2)Serum IL-2 content in arctic fox was significantly higher than that in silver fox(P<0.01).The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio significantly affected serum IL-2 content,while did not significantly affect serum IgM and IgG contents.Interaction of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and breed significantly affected serum IL-2 and IgM contents,while did not significantly affect serum IgG content.3)Serum TP,ALB and GLOB contents in silver fox were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in arctic fox.The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and interaction of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and breed did not significantly influence serum TP,ALB,GLOB and A/G contents.【Conclusion】There were differences in physiological metabolism between arctic foxes and silver foxes.Except for LDL-C,serum lipid indexes of arctic foxes were higher than that of silver foxes,while serum protein parameters of silver foxes were higher than that of arctic foxes.When the dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was 18,serum glycolipid parameters of foxes were reduced and glycolipid balance in body was maintained.When the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was 3,foxes were in good immune status.
【Objective】This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on serum biochemical parameters of male arctic foxes and silver foxes during growing period.【Method】The double factor design was used with one factor of breed including arctic fox and silver fox and the other factor of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios including 3,6,9 and 18.Forty-eight male arctic foxes and silver foxes at the age of 102 days were randomly divided into 4 groups after 7 days adaption,with 12 replicates per group and1 fox per replicate.The foxes were fed on experimental diets with different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios for 46 days.After the experiment,serum samples were collected for the determination of glucose(GLU),triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(CHO),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM),interleukin 2(IL-2),total protein(TP),albumin(ALB)contents.Both globulin(GLOB)content and albumin/globulin(A/G)ratio were calculated.【Result】1)Serum contents of TG,CHO and HDL-C of arctic fox were extremely significantly higher than that in silver fox(P<0.01),while LDL-C content of silver fox was significantly higher than that in arctic fox(P<0.05).The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio had significant effect on serum CHO,LDL-C and GLU contents,while had no significant effect on TG and HDL-C contents.Interaction of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and breed significantly affected serum GLU content and extremely significantly affected serum LDL-C content,while did not significantly affect serum TG,CHO and HDL-C contents.2)Serum IL-2 content in arctic fox was significantly higher than that in silver fox(P<0.01).The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio significantly affected serum IL-2 content,while did not significantly affect serum IgM and IgG contents.Interaction of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and breed significantly affected serum IL-2 and IgM contents,while did not significantly affect serum IgG content.3)Serum TP,ALB and GLOB contents in silver fox were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in arctic fox.The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and interaction of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and breed did not significantly influence serum TP,ALB,GLOB and A/G contents.【Conclusion】There were differences in physiological metabolism between arctic foxes and silver foxes.Except for LDL-C,serum lipid indexes of arctic foxes were higher than that of silver foxes,while serum protein parameters of silver foxes were higher than that of arctic foxes.When the dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was 18,serum glycolipid parameters of foxes were reduced and glycolipid balance in body was maintained.When the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was 3,foxes were in good immune status.
引文
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[13]时皎皎,糜漫天,韦娜,等.不同脂肪酸构成比对大鼠血脂影响的研究[J].第三军医大学学报,2007,29(9):824-827.Shi J J,Mi M T,Wei N,et al.Effect of different fatty acid compositions on blood lipid of rats[J].Acta Academiae Medicinae Militaris Tertiae,2007,29(9):824-827.
[14]Nakanishi T,Oikawa D,Koutoku T,et al.Gamma linolenic acid prevents conjugated linoleic acid induced fatty liver in mice[J].Nutrition,2004,20:390-393.
[15]Nelson G J,Ackman R G.Absorption and transport of fat in mammals with emphasis on n-3polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Lipids,1988,23:1005-1014.
[16]Rouvinen K.Dietary effects of omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids on body fat composition and health status of farm-raised blue and silver foxes[J].Acta Agriculture Scandinavica,1991,41:401-414.
[17]Lassen T M,Tauson A H,Watt K R,et al.Energy and main nutrients in feed for mink and foxes[M].2nd ed.Finland:Nordic Association of Agricultural,2012:82-84.
[18]Harris W S.n-3Fatty acids and lipoproteins:comparison of results measured an increase in urine TBARS and an increase from human and animal studies[J].Lipids,1996,31:243-252.
[19]Rosemary C W,Jean A H,Joseph L G,et al.The ratio of dietary(n-6)to(n-3)fatty acids influences immune system function,eicosanoid metabolism,lipid peroxidation and vitamin Estatus in aged dogs[J].The Journal of nutrition,1997,22:1198-1205.
[20]高士争,雷风.饲粮脂肪来源对肉鸡免疫功能的影响[J].中国家禽,1999,21(3):4-6.Gao S Z,Lei F.Effect of dietary fats on immune function of the chicks[J].China Poultry,1999,21(3):4-6.
[21]陈士勇,呙于明,夏兆刚,等.不同类型多不饱和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡免疫功能及肝脏脂质过氧化的影响[J].营养学报,2003,25(4):383-388.Chen S Y,Guo Y M,Xia Z G,et al.Effects of different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids on humoral inmune function and hepatic lipid peroxidation of laying hens[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2003,25((4):383-388.
[22]Grimm H,Tibell A,Norrlind B.Immunoregulation by parenteral lipids:impact of the n-3to n-6fatty acid ratio[J].Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,1994,18(5):417-421.
[23]Sabrina P S L,Anthony M D,Karen Z W,et al.Effect of altering dietary n-6∶n-3PUFA ratio on cardiovascular risk measures in patients treated with statins:apilot study[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2012,108:1280-1285.
[24]Reilly M,Fitzgerald G A.Cellular activation by thromboxane A2and other eicosanoids[J].European Heart Journal,1993,14:88-93.
[25]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛消化及血清生化指标的影响:Ⅰ[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):47-52.Li H,Diao Q Y,Zhang N F,et al.Effects of different protein source on nutrients digestibility and biochemical parameters in early-weaning calves:Ⅰ[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2009,21(1):47-52.
[26]余红心,贾俊静,李琦华,等.不同蛋白质水平饲粮对云南武定鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2009(5):24-26.Yu H X,Jia J J,Li Q H,et al.Effects of dietary protein levels on performance and serum traits of Yunnan Wuding chicks[J].China Feed,2009(5):24-26.
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[2]Hulver M W,Berggren J R,Cortright R N,et al.Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism with obesity[J].American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism,2003,284(4):741-747.
[3]王新颖,黎介寿.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在不同疾病中的应用研究[J].肠外与肠内营养,2007,14(3):177-181.Wang X Y,Li J S.The clinical study ofω-3polyunsaturated fatty acids on different diseases[J].Parenteral&Enteral Nutrition,2007,14(3):177-182.
[4]钟伟,张婷,罗婧,等.饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸配比对北极狐冬毛期体脂沉积、体脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(6):1054-1065.Zhong W,Zhang T,Luo J,et al.Effects of dietary n-6/n-3PU-FA ratio on the body fat deposition,body fatty acid composition and serum biochemical parameters in male arctic foxes during the winter fur-growing period[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2017,48(6):1054-1065.
[5]喻礼怀.饲粮脂肪酸对鹅脂肪代谢影响及其分子机制的研究[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2012:34-43.Yu L H.The study of influence for dietary n-6/n-3fatty acid regulation of fatty metabalism and it's molecular mechanism in goose[D].Yangzhou,Jiangsu:Yangzhou University,2012:34-43.
[6]英永.不同比例n-6/n-3不饱和脂肪酸对鸡免疫功能的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008:20-32.Ying Y.Effects of different dietary ratios of n-6/n-3PUFA on the immune functions in chicken[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2008:20-32.
[7]夏兆刚,呙于明,陈士勇,等.不同n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2004,40(7):6-9.Xia Z G,Guo Y M,Chen S Y,et al.Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids ratios on immune response of laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2004,40(7):6-9.
[8]陈小燕,王友升,李丽萍.3种色谱柱对37种脂肪酸的分离性能比较及鱼油脂肪酸检测[J].食品科学,2011,32(22):156-162.Chen X Y,Wang Y S,Li L P.Comparison of three chromatographic columns in separation and analysis of 37fatty acids in fish oil[J].Food Science,2011,32(22):156-162.
[9]周顺伍.动物生物化学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:144-146.Zhou S W.Animal Biochemistry[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing Company,2000:144-146.
[10]张弛,肖俊霞,席守民,等.NO-1886降低脂负荷新西兰兔血清甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸[J].中国药理学通报,2005,21(3):280-283.Zhang C,Xiao J X,Xi S M,et al.No-1886decrease postprandial triglyceride and free fatty acids in New zealand rabbits[J].Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin,2005,21(3):280-283.
[11]麻丽坤,尹兆正,谭利伟,等.日粮不同水平ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对蛋鸡脂质代谢和免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2007,27(5):760-764.Ma L K,Yin Z Z,Tan L W,et al.Effects of dietaryω-3polyunsaturated fatty acids level on lipid metabolism and immunity function in laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2007,27(5):760-764.
[12]汪鲲,高占峰.富含n-3PUFA蛋黄保健作用的研究[J].饲料工业,2000,21(8):14.Wang K,Gao Z F.Study of health care function of rich in n-3PUFA yolk[J].Feed Industry,2000,21(8):14.
[13]时皎皎,糜漫天,韦娜,等.不同脂肪酸构成比对大鼠血脂影响的研究[J].第三军医大学学报,2007,29(9):824-827.Shi J J,Mi M T,Wei N,et al.Effect of different fatty acid compositions on blood lipid of rats[J].Acta Academiae Medicinae Militaris Tertiae,2007,29(9):824-827.
[14]Nakanishi T,Oikawa D,Koutoku T,et al.Gamma linolenic acid prevents conjugated linoleic acid induced fatty liver in mice[J].Nutrition,2004,20:390-393.
[15]Nelson G J,Ackman R G.Absorption and transport of fat in mammals with emphasis on n-3polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Lipids,1988,23:1005-1014.
[16]Rouvinen K.Dietary effects of omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids on body fat composition and health status of farm-raised blue and silver foxes[J].Acta Agriculture Scandinavica,1991,41:401-414.
[17]Lassen T M,Tauson A H,Watt K R,et al.Energy and main nutrients in feed for mink and foxes[M].2nd ed.Finland:Nordic Association of Agricultural,2012:82-84.
[18]Harris W S.n-3Fatty acids and lipoproteins:comparison of results measured an increase in urine TBARS and an increase from human and animal studies[J].Lipids,1996,31:243-252.
[19]Rosemary C W,Jean A H,Joseph L G,et al.The ratio of dietary(n-6)to(n-3)fatty acids influences immune system function,eicosanoid metabolism,lipid peroxidation and vitamin Estatus in aged dogs[J].The Journal of nutrition,1997,22:1198-1205.
[20]高士争,雷风.饲粮脂肪来源对肉鸡免疫功能的影响[J].中国家禽,1999,21(3):4-6.Gao S Z,Lei F.Effect of dietary fats on immune function of the chicks[J].China Poultry,1999,21(3):4-6.
[21]陈士勇,呙于明,夏兆刚,等.不同类型多不饱和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡免疫功能及肝脏脂质过氧化的影响[J].营养学报,2003,25(4):383-388.Chen S Y,Guo Y M,Xia Z G,et al.Effects of different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids on humoral inmune function and hepatic lipid peroxidation of laying hens[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2003,25((4):383-388.
[22]Grimm H,Tibell A,Norrlind B.Immunoregulation by parenteral lipids:impact of the n-3to n-6fatty acid ratio[J].Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,1994,18(5):417-421.
[23]Sabrina P S L,Anthony M D,Karen Z W,et al.Effect of altering dietary n-6∶n-3PUFA ratio on cardiovascular risk measures in patients treated with statins:apilot study[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2012,108:1280-1285.
[24]Reilly M,Fitzgerald G A.Cellular activation by thromboxane A2and other eicosanoids[J].European Heart Journal,1993,14:88-93.
[25]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛消化及血清生化指标的影响:Ⅰ[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):47-52.Li H,Diao Q Y,Zhang N F,et al.Effects of different protein source on nutrients digestibility and biochemical parameters in early-weaning calves:Ⅰ[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2009,21(1):47-52.
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