额尔齐斯河5种土著鱼肌肉氨基酸组成及营养比较
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摘要
【目的】对新疆额尔齐斯河5种达到商品鱼规格的土著鱼:北极茴(Thymallus arcticus)、江鳕(Lota lota)、丁鲑(Tinca tinca)、白斑狗鱼((Esox lucius)、河鲈(Perca fluviatilis)的肌肉18种氨基酸含量进行了测定,并对其营养价值进行评估。【方法】酸水解法与碱水解法。【结果】5种鱼氨基酸总量介于82.65%~59.37%间,其中北极茴鱼含量显著低于其他种;8种必需氨基酸质量分数为53.52%~39.95%,除丁鲑和白斑狗鱼外,其他种间差异显著;鲜味氨基酸含量在34.99%~26.37%,北极茴和丁鲑含量显著低于其他种。与WHO/FAO模式谱相比较,5种鱼的必需氨基酸含量符合度好,氨基酸比值系数分为93.27%~83.33%。【结论】5种野生土著鱼氨基酸含量丰富,必需氨基酸比例平衡,鲜味氨基酸比值高。以氨基酸比值系数分为参比来看,在满足商品鱼规格时,5种鱼营养价值顺序为丁鲑>白斑狗鱼>河鲈>北极茴>江鳕。
【Objective】To determine the contents of 18 kinds of amino acids in muscle of Tinca tinca,Esox lucius,Perca fluviatilis,Thymallus arcticus and Lota lota living in the Irtysh River and evaluate the nutritional quality.【Method】Using acid hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis.【Result】Their total amino acids composition vary from 82. 65% to 59. 37,of which Thymallus arcticus was lower than the others signally; Mass fraction of essential amino acids varied from 53. 52% to 39. 95%,except Tinca tinca and Esox lucius,the other three species showed a remarkable difference; Delicious amino acids composition varied from 34. 99% to26. 37%,of which Thymallus arcticus and Tinca tinca were lower than the others notably. Compared with the ideal pattern of WHO/FAO,they showed a fine fitness of the essential amino acids composition in the five fishes. RC of the five fishes was 93. 27%- 83. 33%.【Conclusion】These five kinds of fish contain rich amino acids and a balanced essential amino acids proportion,and they also have a high proportion of delicious amino acids. The nutritional value order of the five kinds of fish is: Tinca tinca > Esox lucius > Erca fluviatilis > Thymallus arcticus > Lota lota evaluated by the ratio of amino acid to the reference point and in the meanwhile they reach the specification of commercial fish.
【Objective】To determine the contents of 18 kinds of amino acids in muscle of Tinca tinca,Esox lucius,Perca fluviatilis,Thymallus arcticus and Lota lota living in the Irtysh River and evaluate the nutritional quality.【Method】Using acid hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis.【Result】Their total amino acids composition vary from 82. 65% to 59. 37,of which Thymallus arcticus was lower than the others signally; Mass fraction of essential amino acids varied from 53. 52% to 39. 95%,except Tinca tinca and Esox lucius,the other three species showed a remarkable difference; Delicious amino acids composition varied from 34. 99% to26. 37%,of which Thymallus arcticus and Tinca tinca were lower than the others notably. Compared with the ideal pattern of WHO/FAO,they showed a fine fitness of the essential amino acids composition in the five fishes. RC of the five fishes was 93. 27%- 83. 33%.【Conclusion】These five kinds of fish contain rich amino acids and a balanced essential amino acids proportion,and they also have a high proportion of delicious amino acids. The nutritional value order of the five kinds of fish is: Tinca tinca > Esox lucius > Erca fluviatilis > Thymallus arcticus > Lota lota evaluated by the ratio of amino acid to the reference point and in the meanwhile they reach the specification of commercial fish.
引文
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[8]张纹,苏永全,王军,等.5种常见养殖鱼类肌肉营养成分分析[J].海洋通报,2001,(4):26-31.ZHANG Wen,SU Yong-quan,WANG Jun,et al.(2001).Analysis of Nutritional Components in Muscle of Five Cultured Fish[J].Marine Science Bulletin,(4):26-31.(in Chinese)
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[11]王咏星,钱龙,吕艳.额尔齐斯河野生河鲈肌肉营养成分测定与评价[J].食品科学,2008,29(5):396-399.WANG Yong-xing,QIAN Long,LYan.(2008).Nutrition Compositions Analysis and Evaluation of Wild Percafluviatis of Ereqsi River[J].Food Science,29(5):396-399.(in Chinese)
[12]Organization,W.H.,&University,U.N.(1973).Energy and protein requirements.Energy and protein requirements:World Health Organization.
[13]李正忠.花粉、灵芝与珍珠中必需氨基酸的定量测定与分析比较[J].氨基酸和生物资源,1988,(4):41-43.LI Zheng-zhong.(1988).Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of Essential Amino Acids in Pollen,Ganoderma and Pearl[J].Amino Acids&Biotic Resources,(4):41-43.(in Chinese)
[14]朱成科,黄辉,向枭,等.泉水鱼肌肉营养成分分析及营养学评价[J].食品科学,2013,34(11):246-249.ZHU Cheng-ke,HUANG Hui,XIANG Xiao,et al.(2013).Analysis of Nutrient Components in Muscle of Semilabeo prochilus and Its Nutritive Quality[J].Food Science,34(11):246-249.(in Chinese)
[15]党冉,竺俊全,邱新志,等.美洲黑石斑鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析[J].海洋学研究,2010,28(2):.DANG Ran,ZHU Jun-quan,QIU Xin-zhi,et al.(2010).Analysis of flesh content and nutrient components in the muscle of Centropristis striata[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,28(2):(in Chinese)
[16]刘民力,张丹,何长清,等.肝原性糖尿病人血浆氨基酸谱改变及分析[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2004,26(3):.LIU Min-li,ZHANG Dan,HE Chang-qing,et al.(2004.Changes and Analysis of Plasma Amino Acid Spectra in Patients with Hepatic Diabetic[J].Amino Acids and Biological Resources,26(3):.(in Chinese)
[17]林星.条纹锯鮨肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].养殖与饲料,2009,(9):43-45.LIN Xing.(2009).Analysis of Nutritional Components and Quality Evaluation of Sawing Muscle[J].Animals Breeding and Feed,(9):43-45.(in Chinese)
[18]梁银铨,崔希群,刘友亮.鳜肌肉生化成份分析和营养品质评价[J].水生生物学报,1998,22(4):386-388.LIANG Yin-quan,CUI Xi-qun,LIU You-liang.(1998).Evaluation of nutritive quality and analysis of the nutritive compostions in the muscle of mandarin fish,Siniperca chuatsi[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,22(4):386-388.(in Chinese)
[2]王新,焦丽,郝翠兰,等.额尔齐斯河鱼类双身虫流行病学调查[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(6):1 163-1 168.WANG Xin,JIAO Li,HAO Cui-lan,et al.(2015).Epidemiologic Investigation of Diplozoinae spp.of Fish in Irtysh River[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,52(6):1,163-1,168.(in Chinese)
[3]任慕莲,郭焱,张人铭,等.中国额尔齐斯河鱼类资源及渔业[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,2002.REN Mu-lian,GUO Yan,ZHANG Ren-ming,et al.(2002).The Fish Resources and Fishery in Ergis River,China[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Technology and Hygiene Press.(in Chinese)
[4]郭焱,张人铭,李红,等.额尔齐斯河土著鱼类资源衰退原因与保护措施[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(2):.GUO Yan,ZHANG Ren-ming,LI Hong,et al.(2003).Reasons and Protection Measures of the Decline of Native Fish Resources in Irtysh River[J].Journal of Arid Land Research,20(2):页码?(in Chinese)
[5]柳琪,滕葳.中华鳖氨基酸和微量元素的分析与研究[J].氨基酸和生物资源,1995,17(1):18-21.LIU Qi,TENG Wei.(1995).Analysis and Study on Amino Acids and Trace Elements in Chinese soft-shelled turtle[J].Amino Acids and Biological Resources,17(1):18-21.(in Chinese)
[6]王咏星,钱龙,吕艳.白斑狗鱼肌肉氨基酸含量测定及其营养评价[J].食品科学,2010,(11):238-240.WANG Yong-xing,QIAN Long,LYan,et al.(2010).Determination and Nutritional Evaluation of Amino Acids in Esox lucius Muscle[J].Food Science.(11):238-240.(in Chinese)
[7]张本,陈国华.四种石斑鱼氨基酸组成的研究[J].水产学报,1996,20(2):111-119.ZHANG Ben,CHEN Guo-hua.(1996).Studies on Amino Acids Composition of Four Species of Grouper[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,20(2):111-119.(in Chinese)
[8]张纹,苏永全,王军,等.5种常见养殖鱼类肌肉营养成分分析[J].海洋通报,2001,(4):26-31.ZHANG Wen,SU Yong-quan,WANG Jun,et al.(2001).Analysis of Nutritional Components in Muscle of Five Cultured Fish[J].Marine Science Bulletin,(4):26-31.(in Chinese)
[9]孙中武,尹洪滨.六种冷水鱼肌肉营养组成分析与评价[J].营养学报,2004,26(5):.SUN Zhong-wu,YIN Hong-bin.(2004).Analysis and Evaluation of Muscle Nutritional Composition of Six Cold-water[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,26(5):(in Chinese)
[10]陈清华,刘伟,唐富江.兴凯湖4种野生鲌类营养成分的比较分析[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(1):88-92.CHEN Qing-hua,LIU Wei,TANG Fu-jiang.(2011).Comparative Analysis on the Nutritional Components of Four Wild Culter Species in Xingkai Lake[J].Journal of Dalian Maritime University,26(1):88-92.(in Chinese)
[11]王咏星,钱龙,吕艳.额尔齐斯河野生河鲈肌肉营养成分测定与评价[J].食品科学,2008,29(5):396-399.WANG Yong-xing,QIAN Long,LYan.(2008).Nutrition Compositions Analysis and Evaluation of Wild Percafluviatis of Ereqsi River[J].Food Science,29(5):396-399.(in Chinese)
[12]Organization,W.H.,&University,U.N.(1973).Energy and protein requirements.Energy and protein requirements:World Health Organization.
[13]李正忠.花粉、灵芝与珍珠中必需氨基酸的定量测定与分析比较[J].氨基酸和生物资源,1988,(4):41-43.LI Zheng-zhong.(1988).Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of Essential Amino Acids in Pollen,Ganoderma and Pearl[J].Amino Acids&Biotic Resources,(4):41-43.(in Chinese)
[14]朱成科,黄辉,向枭,等.泉水鱼肌肉营养成分分析及营养学评价[J].食品科学,2013,34(11):246-249.ZHU Cheng-ke,HUANG Hui,XIANG Xiao,et al.(2013).Analysis of Nutrient Components in Muscle of Semilabeo prochilus and Its Nutritive Quality[J].Food Science,34(11):246-249.(in Chinese)
[15]党冉,竺俊全,邱新志,等.美洲黑石斑鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析[J].海洋学研究,2010,28(2):.DANG Ran,ZHU Jun-quan,QIU Xin-zhi,et al.(2010).Analysis of flesh content and nutrient components in the muscle of Centropristis striata[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,28(2):(in Chinese)
[16]刘民力,张丹,何长清,等.肝原性糖尿病人血浆氨基酸谱改变及分析[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2004,26(3):.LIU Min-li,ZHANG Dan,HE Chang-qing,et al.(2004.Changes and Analysis of Plasma Amino Acid Spectra in Patients with Hepatic Diabetic[J].Amino Acids and Biological Resources,26(3):.(in Chinese)
[17]林星.条纹锯鮨肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].养殖与饲料,2009,(9):43-45.LIN Xing.(2009).Analysis of Nutritional Components and Quality Evaluation of Sawing Muscle[J].Animals Breeding and Feed,(9):43-45.(in Chinese)
[18]梁银铨,崔希群,刘友亮.鳜肌肉生化成份分析和营养品质评价[J].水生生物学报,1998,22(4):386-388.LIANG Yin-quan,CUI Xi-qun,LIU You-liang.(1998).Evaluation of nutritive quality and analysis of the nutritive compostions in the muscle of mandarin fish,Siniperca chuatsi[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,22(4):386-388.(in Chinese)