驻外人员心理健康研究综述
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摘要
驻外人员心理健康问题受到越来越多关注。其中,适应障碍和抑郁焦虑是驻外人员主要的心理疾病,不仅给患者自身各方面带来消极影响,而且会给企业带来负面影响。本综述对驻外人员心理健康问题的主要表现、导致问题出现的原因以及其可能带来的后果进行概述,并对未来研究方向进行展望。
Expatriates' mental health problems have attracted increasing attention. Adjustment disorder, depression, and anxiety are major mental illnesses among them. Mental health problems could result in far-reaching adverse outcomes not only to individuals, but also to affiliated companies. The study summarized the symptoms, causes, and consequences of expatriates' mental health problems, and discussed potential directions for further research.
Expatriates' mental health problems have attracted increasing attention. Adjustment disorder, depression, and anxiety are major mental illnesses among them. Mental health problems could result in far-reaching adverse outcomes not only to individuals, but also to affiliated companies. The study summarized the symptoms, causes, and consequences of expatriates' mental health problems, and discussed potential directions for further research.
引文
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[2]KRAIMER M,BOLINO M,MEAD B.Themes in expatriate and repatriate research over four decades:what do we know and what do we still need to learn?[J]Annu Rev Organ Psychol Organ Behav,2016,3:83-109.
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[19]LI P,SHARAR D A,ZHANG J.Group characteristics and mental health of Chinese expatriates in Africa and Central Asia:a multisite,multiyear study[J].J Workplace Behav Health,2015,30(1/2):209-227.
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[29]HECHANOVA R,BEEHR T A,CHRISTIANSEN N D.Antecedents and consequences of employees’adjustment to overseas assignment:a meta—analytic review[J].Appl Psychol,2003,52(2):213-236.
[30]BLACK J S,MENDENHALL M,ODDOU G.Toward a comprehensive model of international adjustment:an integration of multiple theoretical perspectives[J].Acad Manage Rev,1991,16(2):291-317.
[31]REDMOND M V,BUNYI J M.The relationship of intercultural communication competence with stress and the handling of stress as reported by international students[J].Int J Intercult Relat,1993,17(2):235-254.
[32]SEARLE W,WARD C.The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions[J].Int J Intercult Relat,1990,14(4):449-464.
[33]BLACK J S,GREGERSEN H B.Antecedents to cross-cultural adjustment for expatriates in pacific rim assignments[J].Human Relat,1991,44(5):497-515.
[34]VALANTIN C.Lifestyle,sleep quality and mental health of Hong Kong expatriates[D].Hong Kong:Alliant International University,2015.
[35]SANDU M C.The influence of corporate reputation and market competition on company’s gross profit[A].Challenges of the Knowledge Society[C].Bucharest:Nicolae Titulescu Publishing House,2013:3.
[36]MCNULTY Y.Till stress do us part:the causes and consequences of expatriate divorce[J].J Global Mob,2015,3(2):106-136.
[37]PASCOE R,MOSER C.Substance abuse in expatriate life[EB/OL].[2017-08-08].http://www.escapefromamerica.com/2009/05/time-to-be-an-expat/.
[38]OSMAN-GANI A M,ROCKSTUHL T.Antecedents and consequences of social network characteristics for expatriate adjustment and performance in overseas assignments:implications for HRD[J].Human Res Dev Rev,2008,7(1):32-57.
[39]SHAY J P,BAACK S.An empirical investigation of the relationships between modes and degree of expatriate adjustment and multiple measures of performance[J].Int J Cross Cult Manage,2006,6(3):275-294.
[40]TAKEUCHI R,YUN S,TESLUK P E.An examination of crossover and spillover effects of spousal and expatriate crosscultural adjustment on expatriate outcomes[J].J Appl Psychol,2002,87(4):655-666.
[41]新华网.中国对非洲政策文件(全文)[EB/OL].[2015-12-05].http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-12/05/c_1117363276.htm.
[2]KRAIMER M,BOLINO M,MEAD B.Themes in expatriate and repatriate research over four decades:what do we know and what do we still need to learn?[J]Annu Rev Organ Psychol Organ Behav,2016,3:83-109.
[3]FOYLE M F,BEER M D,WATSON J P.Expatriate mental health[J].Acta Psychiatr Scand,1998,97(4):278-283.
[4]LIM P L,HAN P,CHEN L H,et al.Expatriates ill after travel:results from the Geosentinel Surveillance Network[J].BMC Infect Dis,2012,12:386.
[5]DESHPANDE S P,VISWESVARAN C.Is cross-cultural training of expatriate managers effective:a meta analysis[J].Int J Intercult Relat,1992,16(3):295-310.
[6]MENDENHALL M,ODDOU G.The dimensions of expatriate acculturation:a review[J].Acad Manage Rev,1985,10(1):39-47.
[7]TRUMAN S D,SHARAR D A,POMPE J C.The mental health status of expatriate versus U.S.domestic workers[J].Int J Ment Health,2011,40(4):3-18.
[8]LEWIS K G.Breakdown—a psychological contract for expatriates[J].Eur Bus Rev,1997,97(6):279-293.
[9]严海青.把脉海外员工的心理管理[J].施工企业管理,2012(2):115-116.
[10]BERRY J W.Immigration,acculturation,and adaptation[J].Appl Psychol,1997,46(1):5-34.
[11]郭春华.海外员工心理健康分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(S2):48-51.
[12]ROSEN G.Nostalgia:a“forgotten”psychological disorder[J].Clio Med,1975,10(1):28-51.
[13]PRICE G B.Discussion on the causes of invaliding from the tropics[J].Br Med J,1913,2(2759):1290-1296.
[14]LITTLEWOOD R.Jungle madness:some observations on expatriate psychopathology[J].Int J Soc Psychiatry,1985,31(3):194-197.
[15]LIPSEDGE M,CAPLAN R.Expatriate stress and breakdown[J].Psychiatr Bull,1984,8(5):86-87.
[16]DOW C.Medical aspects of expatriate health[J].Occup Med,2000,50(8):579-582.
[17]ROSTAMZADEH M,ANANTHARAMAN R N,TONG D Y.Sense of place on expatriate mental health in malaysia[J].Int J Soc Sci Human,2013,2(5):360-365.
[18]ARTHUR W J R,BENNETT W J R.The international assignee:the relative importance of factors perceived to contribute to success[J].Pers Psychol,1995,48(1):99-114.
[19]LI P,SHARAR D A,ZHANG J.Group characteristics and mental health of Chinese expatriates in Africa and Central Asia:a multisite,multiyear study[J].J Workplace Behav Health,2015,30(1/2):209-227.
[20]ANDERZéN I.The internationalization of work:psychophysiological predictors of adjustment to foreign assignment[R].Stockholm:Karolinska Institutet,1998.
[21]BLACK J S.Work role transitions:a study of American expatriate managers in Japan[J].J Int Bus Stud,1988,19(2):277-294.
[22]TORBI?RN I.Living abroad:personal adjustment and personnel policy in the overseas setting[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1982.
[23]JONES S.Medical aspects of expatriate health:health threats[J].Occup Med,2000,50(8):572-578.
[24]MCINTOSH I B,POWER K G,REED J M.Prevalence,intensity,and sex differences in travel related stressors[J].J Travel Med,1996,3(2):96-102.
[25]SHAFFER M A,HARRISON D A,GREGERSEN H,et al.You can take it with you:individual differences and expatriate effectiveness[J].J Appl Psychol,2006,91(1):109-125.
[26]COSTA PT J R,MCCREA R B.Revised NEO Personality Inventory(NEO PI-R)and NEO Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI)[M].Odessa,FL:Psychological Assessment Resources,1992:2171-2171.
[27]BIRD A,MENDENHALL M,STEVENS M J,et al.Defining the content domain of intercultural competence for global leaders[J].J Manage Psychol,2010,25(8):810-828.
[28]JOHN O P,SRIVASTAVA S.The Big Five Trait taxonomy:History,measurement,and theoretical perspectives[M]//PERVIN LA,JOHN OP.Handbook of Personality:Theory and Research.New York:Guilford Press,1999:102-138.
[29]HECHANOVA R,BEEHR T A,CHRISTIANSEN N D.Antecedents and consequences of employees’adjustment to overseas assignment:a meta—analytic review[J].Appl Psychol,2003,52(2):213-236.
[30]BLACK J S,MENDENHALL M,ODDOU G.Toward a comprehensive model of international adjustment:an integration of multiple theoretical perspectives[J].Acad Manage Rev,1991,16(2):291-317.
[31]REDMOND M V,BUNYI J M.The relationship of intercultural communication competence with stress and the handling of stress as reported by international students[J].Int J Intercult Relat,1993,17(2):235-254.
[32]SEARLE W,WARD C.The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions[J].Int J Intercult Relat,1990,14(4):449-464.
[33]BLACK J S,GREGERSEN H B.Antecedents to cross-cultural adjustment for expatriates in pacific rim assignments[J].Human Relat,1991,44(5):497-515.
[34]VALANTIN C.Lifestyle,sleep quality and mental health of Hong Kong expatriates[D].Hong Kong:Alliant International University,2015.
[35]SANDU M C.The influence of corporate reputation and market competition on company’s gross profit[A].Challenges of the Knowledge Society[C].Bucharest:Nicolae Titulescu Publishing House,2013:3.
[36]MCNULTY Y.Till stress do us part:the causes and consequences of expatriate divorce[J].J Global Mob,2015,3(2):106-136.
[37]PASCOE R,MOSER C.Substance abuse in expatriate life[EB/OL].[2017-08-08].http://www.escapefromamerica.com/2009/05/time-to-be-an-expat/.
[38]OSMAN-GANI A M,ROCKSTUHL T.Antecedents and consequences of social network characteristics for expatriate adjustment and performance in overseas assignments:implications for HRD[J].Human Res Dev Rev,2008,7(1):32-57.
[39]SHAY J P,BAACK S.An empirical investigation of the relationships between modes and degree of expatriate adjustment and multiple measures of performance[J].Int J Cross Cult Manage,2006,6(3):275-294.
[40]TAKEUCHI R,YUN S,TESLUK P E.An examination of crossover and spillover effects of spousal and expatriate crosscultural adjustment on expatriate outcomes[J].J Appl Psychol,2002,87(4):655-666.
[41]新华网.中国对非洲政策文件(全文)[EB/OL].[2015-12-05].http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-12/05/c_1117363276.htm.