基于图像处理的雾滴沉积分布试验研究
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摘要
针对我国喷药作业以经验为主,过量使用农药的问题,采用超红算子2R-G-B与OTSU算法结合的图像处理方法,研究叶片表面形态特征、雾滴粒径和叶片倾角3因素对雾滴沉积分布的影响。结果表明:1)该图像处理方法能有效分割雾滴与叶片背景,基于该方法的雾滴覆盖率测定结果与人工分割方法比较,相对误差<5%。2)叶片表面形态特征、雾滴粒径和叶片倾角3因素对雾滴覆盖率的影响均显著。3)在相同喷量条件下,雾滴覆盖率随叶片倾角增大而减小,但当倾角增大到30°时,粒径为138.2和157.6μm的雾滴在粗糙和光滑叶片表面上的覆盖率发生突增。4)雾滴覆盖率随粒径增大而减小,但当叶片倾角大于60°时,粒径为157.6和197.1μm的雾滴在相同叶片表面上的覆盖率差异不大。5)在相同叶片倾角条件下,粒径较小的2种雾滴的覆盖率在粗糙叶片表面上最大,在光滑叶片表面上最小。所提出的基于图像处理的雾滴覆盖率测定方法,可为雾滴在叶片表面上的分布研究提供评估手段。
Aiming at the problem of the present pesticide spraying applications mainly depending on irrational experience and cause excessive use of pesticides,the objective of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the droplet distribution on plant leaves to provide scientific basis for spraying.The leaf surface structure,droplet sizes and the leaf orientation were investigated.An image processing method,which was the combination of the Excess red algorithm 2 R-G-B and the OTSU algorithm,was proposed.The results showed that:1)The image processing method was able to efficiently extract the droplet area,and the relative error of the coverage rate calculation based on this method was less than 5% compared to the result of the manual segmentation method.2)The significance of the three factors to droplets distribution was obvious.3)Under the same spraying flow,droplet coverage area tended to decline with the increase in droplet sizes in general,and the coverage rate trend of two smaller droplets on rough and smooth surfaces had a turning point when the inclination angle was 30°.4)With the increasing of leaf inclination angle,the droplet coverage rate generally decreased;However,when the surface inclination angle exceeded 60°,the coverage ratio of two bigger droplets did not show an obvious difference regarding the same leaf surface structure.5)When the droplet diameter was 138.2 or 157.6μm,the droplet coverage ratio on the rough leaf surface is biggest while the ratio on the smooth leaf is smallest.In conclusion,The droplet coverage calculation method based on image processing proposed in this study could provide an evaluation approach for studying the droplet distribution on leaves.
Aiming at the problem of the present pesticide spraying applications mainly depending on irrational experience and cause excessive use of pesticides,the objective of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the droplet distribution on plant leaves to provide scientific basis for spraying.The leaf surface structure,droplet sizes and the leaf orientation were investigated.An image processing method,which was the combination of the Excess red algorithm 2 R-G-B and the OTSU algorithm,was proposed.The results showed that:1)The image processing method was able to efficiently extract the droplet area,and the relative error of the coverage rate calculation based on this method was less than 5% compared to the result of the manual segmentation method.2)The significance of the three factors to droplets distribution was obvious.3)Under the same spraying flow,droplet coverage area tended to decline with the increase in droplet sizes in general,and the coverage rate trend of two smaller droplets on rough and smooth surfaces had a turning point when the inclination angle was 30°.4)With the increasing of leaf inclination angle,the droplet coverage rate generally decreased;However,when the surface inclination angle exceeded 60°,the coverage ratio of two bigger droplets did not show an obvious difference regarding the same leaf surface structure.5)When the droplet diameter was 138.2 or 157.6μm,the droplet coverage ratio on the rough leaf surface is biggest while the ratio on the smooth leaf is smallest.In conclusion,The droplet coverage calculation method based on image processing proposed in this study could provide an evaluation approach for studying the droplet distribution on leaves.
引文
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[11]徐德进,顾中言,徐广春,许小龙,董玉轩.雾滴密度及大小对氯虫苯甲酰胺防治稻纵卷叶螟效果的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(4):666-674Xu D J,Gu Z Y,Xu G C,Xu X L,Dong Y X.Effects of droplet density and droplet size on control efficiency of chlorantraniliprole against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis:Guenée[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(4):666-674(in Chinese)
[12]曹源,邓维,李永平,李学锋,郑明奇,袁会珠.甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐药液浓度、雾滴密度及施药液量对小菜蛾防治效果的影响[J].农药学学报,2014,16(1):54-60Cao Y,Deng W,Li Y P,Li X F,Zheng M Q,Yuan H Z.Effects of concentration,droplet density and spraying volume on efficacy of emamectin benzoate against Plutella xylostella L[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2014,16(1):54-60(in Chinese)
[13] Zhu H,Salyani M,Fox R D.A portable scanning system for evaluation of spray deposit distribution[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2011,76(1):38-43
[14]高建民,安贵仁,刘昌鉴,黄桂珍.叶片吸收雾滴过程中雾滴覆盖面积的变化规律[J].排灌机械工程学报,2012,30(2):198-202Gao J M,An G R,Liu C J,Huang G Z.Variation characters of droplet coverage area in leaf droplet water uptake process[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2012,30(2):198-202(in Chinese)
[15] Juan I A,G V S,Gonzalo R.Leaf classification in sunflower crops by computer vision and neural networks[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2011,78(1):9-18
[16]刘立波,程晓龙,戴建国,赖军臣.基于逻辑回归算法的复杂背景棉田冠层图像自适应阈值分割[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(12):201-208Liu L B,Cheng X L,Dai J G,Lai J C.Adaptive threshold segmentation for cotton canopy image in complex background based on logistic regression algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(12):201-208(in Chinese)
[17]曲峰.果树病害检测与精准喷施方法及关键技术装备研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017Qu F.Study on disease detection and precision spray method of fruit trees and key technical equipment[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017(in Chinese)
[18] Basu S,Luthra J,Nigam K D P.The effects of surfactants on adhesion spreading and retention of herbicide droplet on the surface of the leaves and seeds[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part B,2002,37(4):331-344
[19] Knoche M.Effect of droplet size and carrier volume on performance of foliage-applied herbicides[J]. Crop Protection,1994,13(3):163-178
[2] Ebert T A,Downer R A.A different look at experiments on pesticide distribution[J].Crop Protection,2006,25(4):299-309
[3]张宗毅.基于农户行为的农药使用效率、效果和环境风险影响因素研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011Zhang Z Y.Research on influencing factors of pesticide application effectiveness,efficiency and environmental risk based on farmers′behaviors[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011(in Chinese)
[4]王淑杰,张伟,何海兵,王婉姝,张淼,户新宇.典型植物叶片对农药润湿特性及持药量的影响[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2013,43(S1):564-568Wang S J,Zhang W,He H B,Wang W S,Zhang M,Hu X Y.Effects of typical plants leaves on pesticide wetting speciality and retentivity[J].Journal of Jilin University:EngineeringandTechnologyEdition,2013,43(S1):564-568(in Chinese)
[5]王会霞,石辉,李秧秧.西安市常见绿化植物叶片润湿性能及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(4):630-636Wang H X,Shi H,Li Y Y.Leaf surface wettability of major plant species for urban greening in Xi’an and related affecting factors[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(4):630-636(in Chinese)
[6]杨晓东,尚广瑞,李雨田,宣明.植物叶表的润湿性能与其表面微观形貌的关系[J].东北师大学报:自然科学版,2006,38(3):91-95Yang X D, Shang G R, Li Y T,Xuan M. Surface morphological characteristics comparisons of serious plant leaves with hydrophobic or hydrophilic function[J].Journal of Northeast Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2006,38(3):91-95(in Chinese)
[7]徐广春,顾中言,徐德进,许小龙.稻叶表面特性及雾滴在倾角稻叶上的沉积行为[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(21):4280-4290Xu G C,Gu Z Y,Xu D J,Xu X L.Characteristics of rice leaf surface and droplets deposition behavior on rice leaf surface with different inclination angles[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(21):4280-4290(in Chinese)
[8]王沛,祁力钧,李慧,冀荣华,王虎.植物叶片表面结构对雾滴沉积的影响分析[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(10):75-79Wang P,Qi L J,Li H,Ji R H,Wang H.Research on the deposition rules for herbicide droplets on weed leaves with different surface structures[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(10):75-79(in Chinese)
[9]杨希娃,代美灵,宋坚利,赵今凯,何雄奎.雾滴大小、叶片表面特性与倾角对农药沉积量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):70-73Yang X W,Dai M L,Song J L,Zhao J K,He X K.Effect of droplet size,leaf characteristics and angle on pesticide deposition[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(3):70-73(in Chinese)
[10]袁会珠,王国宾.雾滴大小和覆盖密度与农药防治效果的关系[J].植物保护,2015,41(6):9-16Yuan H Z,Wang G B.Effects of droplet size and deposition density on field efficacy ofpesticides[J].Plant Protection,2015,41(6):9-16(in Chinese)
[11]徐德进,顾中言,徐广春,许小龙,董玉轩.雾滴密度及大小对氯虫苯甲酰胺防治稻纵卷叶螟效果的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(4):666-674Xu D J,Gu Z Y,Xu G C,Xu X L,Dong Y X.Effects of droplet density and droplet size on control efficiency of chlorantraniliprole against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis:Guenée[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(4):666-674(in Chinese)
[12]曹源,邓维,李永平,李学锋,郑明奇,袁会珠.甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐药液浓度、雾滴密度及施药液量对小菜蛾防治效果的影响[J].农药学学报,2014,16(1):54-60Cao Y,Deng W,Li Y P,Li X F,Zheng M Q,Yuan H Z.Effects of concentration,droplet density and spraying volume on efficacy of emamectin benzoate against Plutella xylostella L[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2014,16(1):54-60(in Chinese)
[13] Zhu H,Salyani M,Fox R D.A portable scanning system for evaluation of spray deposit distribution[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2011,76(1):38-43
[14]高建民,安贵仁,刘昌鉴,黄桂珍.叶片吸收雾滴过程中雾滴覆盖面积的变化规律[J].排灌机械工程学报,2012,30(2):198-202Gao J M,An G R,Liu C J,Huang G Z.Variation characters of droplet coverage area in leaf droplet water uptake process[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2012,30(2):198-202(in Chinese)
[15] Juan I A,G V S,Gonzalo R.Leaf classification in sunflower crops by computer vision and neural networks[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2011,78(1):9-18
[16]刘立波,程晓龙,戴建国,赖军臣.基于逻辑回归算法的复杂背景棉田冠层图像自适应阈值分割[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(12):201-208Liu L B,Cheng X L,Dai J G,Lai J C.Adaptive threshold segmentation for cotton canopy image in complex background based on logistic regression algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(12):201-208(in Chinese)
[17]曲峰.果树病害检测与精准喷施方法及关键技术装备研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017Qu F.Study on disease detection and precision spray method of fruit trees and key technical equipment[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017(in Chinese)
[18] Basu S,Luthra J,Nigam K D P.The effects of surfactants on adhesion spreading and retention of herbicide droplet on the surface of the leaves and seeds[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part B,2002,37(4):331-344
[19] Knoche M.Effect of droplet size and carrier volume on performance of foliage-applied herbicides[J]. Crop Protection,1994,13(3):163-178