平筛和旋筛测定土壤风蚀可蚀性的比较研究
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摘要
选取河北坝上康保县境内四种地类(草地、林地、留茬地、翻耕地)74个土壤样品,对土壤样品进行平筛、旋筛筛分,获取土壤干团聚体粒径分布。采用土壤风蚀度(EF,<0.84mm土壤干团聚体含量)、平均几何直径(GMD)两个干团聚体指标比较旋筛和平筛的筛分结果。通过Mann-Whitney U检验和相关性分析等统计学方法进行对比发现,经过平筛筛分处理后的EF,GMD普遍大于旋筛;同时将平筛、旋筛的筛分粒级(<0.5 mm,0.84~0.5 mm,2~0.84mm,5~2 mm,20~5 mm,>20 mm)分别进行差异性比较分析发现,大团聚体颗粒较多的土壤样品(>0.84mm)如草地、留茬地等出现较大差异性,在≤0.84mm粒级则差异性不显著,而GMD指标参数差异性显著。分析平筛和旋筛在土壤机械组成和土壤干团聚体指标上的差异性,揭示平筛和旋筛对于土壤可蚀性的影响,丰富土壤风蚀理论研究,为评价本地区土壤风蚀现状、制定风蚀防治措施提供理论依据。
74 soil samples of Kangbao County of Hebei Province including Grassland,tree windbreak,conservation tillage farmland,conventional tillage farmland were sieved by flat sieve and rotary sieve to determine geometric mean diameter(GMD)and erodible soil fraction(<0.84 mm dry soil aggregate,EF).The MannWhitney U Test and correlation analysis were used to investigate the differences of EF,GMD and<0.5 mm,0.84~0.5 mm,2~0.84 mm,5~2 mm,20~5 mm,>20 mm aggregates obtained from rotary sieve and those determined from flat sieve.The EF and GMD obtained from rotary sieve were lower than those obtained from the flat sieve.The results demonstrated that the difference of≤0.84 mm aggregates was not significant,in contrast,the differences of>0.84 mm aggregates and GMD of total aggregates were significant.These results further indicated that sieving methods and procedures could significantly influence on determination of soil wind erodibility.The conclusion can provide the theoretical basis for planning wind erosion control measures.
74 soil samples of Kangbao County of Hebei Province including Grassland,tree windbreak,conservation tillage farmland,conventional tillage farmland were sieved by flat sieve and rotary sieve to determine geometric mean diameter(GMD)and erodible soil fraction(<0.84 mm dry soil aggregate,EF).The MannWhitney U Test and correlation analysis were used to investigate the differences of EF,GMD and<0.5 mm,0.84~0.5 mm,2~0.84 mm,5~2 mm,20~5 mm,>20 mm aggregates obtained from rotary sieve and those determined from flat sieve.The EF and GMD obtained from rotary sieve were lower than those obtained from the flat sieve.The results demonstrated that the difference of≤0.84 mm aggregates was not significant,in contrast,the differences of>0.84 mm aggregates and GMD of total aggregates were significant.These results further indicated that sieving methods and procedures could significantly influence on determination of soil wind erodibility.The conclusion can provide the theoretical basis for planning wind erosion control measures.
引文
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[16]巩国丽,刘纪远,邵全琴.草地覆盖度变化对生态系统防风固沙服务的影响分析:以内蒙古典型草原区为例[J].地理信息科学学报,2014,16(3):426-434.
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[18]严平,董光荣,张信宝,等.青海共和盆地土壤风蚀的137 Cs法研究(Ⅰ):137 Cs分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):62-68.
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[20]刘纪远,齐永青,师华定,等.蒙古高原塔里亚特—锡林郭勒样带土壤风蚀速率的137 Cs示踪分析[J].科学通报,2007,52(23):2785-2791.
[21]López M V,de Dios Herrero J M,Hevia G G,et al.Determination of the wind-erodible fraction of soils using different methodologies[J].Geoderma,2007,139(3):407-411.
[2]Middleton H E.Properties of soils which influence soil erosion[M].USDSA:Technical Bulletin,1930.
[3]Chepil W S.Measurement of wind erosiveness of soils dry sieving procedure[J].Scientific Agriculture,1942,23(3):154-160.
[4]Chepil W S.Improved rotary sieve for measuring statestability of dry soil structure[J].Soil Science,1952,16(2):113-117.
[5]Skidmore E L,Powers D H.Dry soil aggregate stability:Energy-based index[J].Soil Science Society America Journal,1982,46:1274-1279.
[6]Fryrear D W.Determining soil aggregate stability with a rapid rotary sieve[J]Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1985,40(2):231-233.
[7]Fryrear D W,Saleh A,Bilbro J D,et al.Revised Wind Erosion Equation[R].Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit,USDA-ARS,Southern Plains Area Cropping Systems Research Laboratory.Technical Bulletin No.1,1998.
[8]Hagen L J,Wagner L E,Tatarko J.Wind Erosion Prediction System(WEPS)[R].Wind Erosion Research Unit,USDA-ARS,Technical Documentation,1996.
[9]DíAz-Zorita M,Perfect E,Grove J H.Disruptive methods for assessing soil structure[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2002,64(1/2):3-22.
[10]王牧兰.浑善达克沙地景观格局动态变化及其原因分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2003.
[11]康相武,吴绍洪,刘雪华.浑善达克沙地土地沙漠化时空演变规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):1-6.
[12]敖艳红,裴浩,王永利,等.浑善达克沙地遥感监测研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):33-39.
[13]李春兰,银山,包玉海,等.基于高程的浑善达克沙地典型区正镶白旗的荒漠化特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):295-306.
[14]郭中领.RWEQ模型参数修订及其在中国北方应用研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2012.
[15]张国平.基于遥感和GIS的中国土壤风力侵蚀研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(遥感应用研究所),2002.
[16]巩国丽,刘纪远,邵全琴.草地覆盖度变化对生态系统防风固沙服务的影响分析:以内蒙古典型草原区为例[J].地理信息科学学报,2014,16(3):426-434.
[17]江凌,肖燚,欧阳志云,等.基于RWEQ模型的青海省土壤风蚀模数估算[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):21-33.
[18]严平,董光荣,张信宝,等.青海共和盆地土壤风蚀的137 Cs法研究(Ⅰ):137 Cs分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):62-68.
[19]张春来,邹学勇,董光荣,等.干草原地区土壤137 Cs沉积特征[J].科学通报,2002,47(3):221-225.
[20]刘纪远,齐永青,师华定,等.蒙古高原塔里亚特—锡林郭勒样带土壤风蚀速率的137 Cs示踪分析[J].科学通报,2007,52(23):2785-2791.
[21]López M V,de Dios Herrero J M,Hevia G G,et al.Determination of the wind-erodible fraction of soils using different methodologies[J].Geoderma,2007,139(3):407-411.