运动对大气颗粒物所致健康危害的干预研究进展
摘要
随着我国经济快速发展,其所造成的环境问题也越来越严重。《2016中国环境状况公报》指出,虽然空气污染在2016和2017年较之前有所改善,但全国338个地级及以上城市中有75.1%的城市环境空气质量超标,以PM_(2.5)为首要污染物的天数占重度及以上污染天数的80.3%。鉴于PM_(2.5)对人群健康影响的广泛性,国家环境保护部门采取了一系列措施降低PM_(2.5)浓度以保护人群健康。一些研究者也提出通过改善个体身体素质如补充营养素或加强体育锻炼可能预防或降低PM_(2.5)所致的心肺损伤,但体育锻炼的形式和运动时间等因素与PM_(2.5)污染浓度及健康又有很大的关联性,故本文综述了不同运动时间、运动地点以及运动强度在空气颗粒物污染所致健康危害中的作用,并尝试阐述运动在预防或干预颗粒物污染中的作用机制。
引文
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[25] CUTRUFELLO P T,RUNDELL K W,SMOLIGA J M,et al.Inhaled whole exhaust and its effect on exercise performance and vascular function[J].Inhal Toxicol,2011,23(11):658-667.
[26] MARR L C,ELY M R.Effect of air pollution on marathon running performance[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(3):585-591.
[27] RUNDELL K W.Pulmonary function decay in women ice hockey players:is there a relationship to ice rink air quality?[J].Inhal Toxicol,2004,16(3):117-123.
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[30] MITTLEMAN M A.Air pollution,exercise,and cardiovascular risk[J].N Engl J Med,2007,357(11):1147-1149.
[2] ZHANG Y,CAO F.Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China at a city level[J].Sci Rep,2015,5:14884.DOI:10.1038/srep14884.
[3] TOLEDO A C,MAGALHAES R M,HIZUME D C,et al.Aerobic exercise attenuates pulmonary injury induced by exposure to cigarette smoke[J].Eur Respir J,2012,39(2):254-264.
[4] BOS I,DE BOEVER P,VANPARIJS J,et al.Subclinical effects of aerobic training in urban environment[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2013,45(3):439-447.
[5] RUNDELL K W,SLEE J B,CAVISTON R,et al.Decreased lung function after inhalation of ultrafine and fine particulate matter during exercise is related to decreased total nitrate in exhaled breath condensate[J].Inhal Toxicol,2008,20(1):1-9.
[6] GIRARDOT S P,RYAN P B,SMITH S M,et al.Ozone and PM2.5 exposure and acute pulmonary health effects:a study of hikers in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park[J].Environ Health Persp,2006,114(7):1044-1052.
[7] MATT F,COLE-HUNTER T,DONAIRE-GONZALEZ D,et al.Acute respiratory response to traffic-related air pollution during physical activity performance[J].Environ Int,2016,97:45-55.
[8] FRAMPTON M W,STEWART J C,OBERDORSTER G,et al.Inhalation of ultrafine particles alters blood leukocyte expression of adhesion molecules in humans[J].Environ Health Persp,2006,114(1):51-58.
[9] RIVA D R,MAGALHAES C B,LOPES A A,et al.Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress,inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice[J].Inhal Toxicol,2011,23(5):257-267.
[10] SILVA-RENNO A,BALDIVIA G C,OLIVEIRA-JUNIOR M C,et al.Exercise performed concomitantly with particulate matter exposure inhibits lung injury[J].Int J Sports Med,2018,39(2):133-140.
[11] FASHI M,AGHA A H,ASILIAN M H.The effect of aerobic exercise in ambient particulate matter on lung tissue inflammation and lung cancer[J].Iran J Cancer Prev,2015,8(3):e2333.
[12] YU Y B,LIAO Y W,SU K H,et al.Prior exercise training alleviates the lung inflammation induced by subsequent exposure to environmental cigarette smoke[J].Acta Physiol (Oxf),2012,205(4):532-540.
[13] KURU P,BILGIN S,MENTESE S T,et al.Ameliorative effect of chronic moderate exercise in smoke exposed or nicotine applied rats from acute stress[J].Nicotine Tob Res,2015,17(5):559-565.
[14] CARLL A P,HAZARI M S,PEREZ C M,et al.An autonomic link between inhaled diesel exhaust and impaired cardiac performance:insight from treadmill and dobutamine challenges in heart failure-prone rats[J].Toxicol Sci,2013,135(2):425-436.
[15] LANKI T,HOEK G,TIMONEN K L,et al.Hourly variation in fine particle exposure is associated with transiently increased risk of ST segment depression[J].Occup Environ Med,2008,65(11):782-786.
[16] PEKKANEN J,PETERS A,HOEK G,et al.Particulate air pollution and risk of ST-segment depression during repeated submaximal exercise tests among subjects with coronary heart disease:the exposure and risk assessment for rine and ultrafine particles in ambient air (ULTRA) study[J].Circulation,2002,106(8):933-938.
[17] COLE-HUNTER T,WEICHENTHAL S,KUBESCH N,et al.Impact of traffic-related air pollution on acute changes in cardiac autonomic modulation during rest and physical activity:a cross-over study[J].J Exp Sci Environ Epidemiol,2016,26(2):133-140.
[18] KUBESCH N,DE NAZELLE A,GUERRA S,et al.Arterial blood pressure responses to short-term exposure to low and high traffic-related air pollution with and without moderate physical activity[J].Eur J Prev Cardiol,2015,22(5):548-557.
[19] MAI A S,DOS S A,BEBER L,et al.Exercise training under exposure to low levels of fine particulate matter:effects on heart oxidative stress and extra-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio[J].Oxid Med Cell Longev,2017,2017.ID:9067875.DOI:10.1155/2017/9067875.
[20] DE SA F G,DA M G,SANT'ANA P G,et al.Training and cardiovascular responses from cigarette smoke exposure[J].Chin J Physiol,2014,57(6):315-319.
[21] GILES L V,CARLSTEN C,KOEHLE M S.The effect of pre-exercise diesel exhaust exposure on cycling performance and cardio-respiratory variables[J].Inhal Toxicol,2012,24(12):783-789.
[22] HASSEL E,BERRE A M,SKJULSVIK A J,et al.Effects of exercise training on pulmonary vessel muscularization and right ventricular function in an animal model of COPD[J].Respir Res,2014,15:117.
[23] ORAVISJARVI K,PIETIKAINEN M,RUUSKANEN J,et al.Effects of physical activity on the deposition of traffic-related particles into the human lungs in silico[J].Sci Total Environ,2011,409(21):4511-4518.
[24] CAVALCANTE D S M,NAKAGAWA N K,SALDIVA D A C,et al.Aerobic exercise in polluted urban environments:effects on airway defense mechanisms in young healthy amateur runners[J].J Breath Res,2016,10(4):46018.
[25] CUTRUFELLO P T,RUNDELL K W,SMOLIGA J M,et al.Inhaled whole exhaust and its effect on exercise performance and vascular function[J].Inhal Toxicol,2011,23(11):658-667.
[26] MARR L C,ELY M R.Effect of air pollution on marathon running performance[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(3):585-591.
[27] RUNDELL K W.Pulmonary function decay in women ice hockey players:is there a relationship to ice rink air quality?[J].Inhal Toxicol,2004,16(3):117-123.
[28] RUNDELL K W,CAVISTON R.Ultrafine and fine particulate matter inhalation decreases exercise performance in healthy subjects[J].J Strength Cond Res,2008,22(1):2-5.
[29] TAINIO M,DE NAZELLE A J,GOTSCHI T,et al.Can air pollution negate the health benefits of cycling and walking?[J].Prev Med,2016,87:233-236.
[30] MITTLEMAN M A.Air pollution,exercise,and cardiovascular risk[J].N Engl J Med,2007,357(11):1147-1149.