氧化石墨烯在燃料电池质子交换膜中的应用
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摘要
保护环境,开发环保型能源,对人类和社会具有重要意义。质子交换膜燃料电池由于其能量转化率高,可实现零排放,近年来引起了电池领域研究者们的兴趣。氧化石墨烯(GO)由于存在活性氧官能团,可以和离子型聚合物进行复合以制备复合质子交换膜。氧化石墨烯类的复合质子交换膜应用于燃料电池时可以提高膜在高温低湿度条件下的质子传导率,降低甲醇渗透率,提高电池的功率密度。本文首先介绍了氧化石墨烯的制备方法,然后从不同的离子型聚合物基质复合质子交换膜的类别出发,详细介绍了氧化石墨烯在Nafion、聚醚醚酮、聚苯并咪唑和壳聚糖等不同种类的离子型聚合物中的应用现状及作用机理,同时对其在质子交换膜的应用方面存在的问题及应用前景做了评论和展望。
Environment protection and environment-friendly energy development are very important for human and society. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) has attracted much interest from battery researchers due to its high energy conversion rate and zero emissions in recent years. Graphene oxide(GO) can be combined with ionic polymers to prepare composite proton exchange membranes due to the presence of reactive oxygen functional groups. The GO composite membranes can ensure the proton conductivity at high temperature and low humidity,reduce methanol permeability in methanol fuel cells and improve power density. In this paper, firstly, the preparation method of graphene oxide is introduced.Then, starting from the composite proton exchange membranes of different ionic polymer matrix, the application and mechanism of GO in different kinds of ionic polymers such as Nafion, PEEK, PBI and CS are described in detail, and the main problems and developmental trend are also discussed.
Environment protection and environment-friendly energy development are very important for human and society. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) has attracted much interest from battery researchers due to its high energy conversion rate and zero emissions in recent years. Graphene oxide(GO) can be combined with ionic polymers to prepare composite proton exchange membranes due to the presence of reactive oxygen functional groups. The GO composite membranes can ensure the proton conductivity at high temperature and low humidity,reduce methanol permeability in methanol fuel cells and improve power density. In this paper, firstly, the preparation method of graphene oxide is introduced.Then, starting from the composite proton exchange membranes of different ionic polymer matrix, the application and mechanism of GO in different kinds of ionic polymers such as Nafion, PEEK, PBI and CS are described in detail, and the main problems and developmental trend are also discussed.
引文
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[4]EFTEKHARI A,SHULGA Y M,BASKAKOV S A,et al.Graphene oxide membranes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion[J].Int.J.Hydrogen Energy,2018,43(4):2307-2326.
[5]DONG Y Z,LIU M J,LIU Y,et al.Molybdenum-doped mesoporous carbon/graphene composites as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction[J].J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3(39):19969-19973.
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[7]STINE R,LEE W K,WHITENER K E,et al.Chemical stability of graphene fluoride produced by exposure to XeF2[J].Nano Lett.,2013,13(9):4311-4316.
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[11]RAVIKUMAR,SCOTT K.Freestanding sulfonated graphene oxide paper:a new polymer electrolyte for polymer electrolyte fuel cells[J].Chem.Commun.,2012,48(45):5584
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[13]HUMMERS W S,OFFEMAN R E.Preparation of graphitic oxide[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1958,80:1339.
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[18]KETPANG K,SON B,LEE D,et al.Porous zirconium oxide nanotube modified Nafion composite membrane for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells operated under dry conditions[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2015,488:154-165.
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[25]CHEN D,FENG H B,LI J H.Graphene oxide:preparation,functionalization,and electrochemical applications[J].Chem.Rev.,2012,112(11):6027-6053.
[26]FENG H B,LIU Y,LI J H.Highly reduced graphene oxide supported Pt nanocomposites as highly efficient catalysts for methanol oxidation[J].Chem.Commun.,2015,51(12):2418-2420.
[27]ZHAO X X,YUAN W X,WU Q X,et al.High-temperature passive direct methanol fuel cells operating with concentrated fuels[J].J.Power Sources,2015,273:517-521.
[28]CUI Y H,BAKER A P,XU X,et al.Enhancement of Nafion based membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications through the inclusion of ammonium-X zeolite fillers[J].J.Power Sources,2015,294:369-376.
[29]LIN C W,LU Y S.Highly ordered graphene oxide paper laminated with a Nafion membrane for direct methanol fuel cells[J].J.Power Sources,2013,237:187-194.
[30]WANG L S,LAI A N,LIN C X,et al.Orderly sandwich-shaped graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2015,492:58-66.
[31]YAN X H,WU R,XU J B,et al.Monolayer graphene-Nafion sandwich membrane for direct methanol fuel cells[J].J.Power Sources,2016,311:188-194.
[32]FENG K,TANG B B,WU P Y.“Evaporating”graphene oxide sheets(GOSs)for rolled up GOSs and its applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2013,5(4):1481-1488.
[33]WEI J,TANG B B,WU P Y.Novel slightly reduced graphene oxide based proton exchange membrane with constructed long-range ionic nanochannels via self-assembling of Nafion[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2017,9(27):22620-22627.
[34]LEE D C,YANG H N,PARK S H,et al.Nafion/graphene oxide composite membranes for low humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2014,452:20-28.
[35]CHIEN H C,TSAI L D,HUANG C P,et al.Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high-performance direct methanol fuel cells[J].Int.J.Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(31):13792-13801.
[36]LI Z H,XI J Y,ZHOU H P,et al.Preparation and characterization of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(vinylidene fluoride)blend membrane for vanadium redox flow battery application[J].J.Power Sources,2013,237:132-140.
[37]MIKHAILENKO S D,ROBERTSON G P,GUIVER M D,et al.Properties of PEMs based on cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)[J].J.Membr.Sci.,2006,285:306-316.
[38]JIANG Z Q,ZHAO X S,FU Y Z,et al.Composite membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)and SDBS-adsorbed graphene oxide for direct methanol fuel cells[J].J.Mater.Chem.,2012,22(47):24862-24869.
[39]JIANG Z Q,ZHAO X S,MANTHIRAM A.Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)membranes with sulfonated graphene oxide fillers for direct methanol fuel cells[J].Int.J.Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(14):5875-5884.
[40]JIANG Z J,JIANG Z Q,TIAN X N,et al.Sulfonated holey graphene oxide(SHGO)filled sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)membrane:the role of holes in the SHGO in improving its performance as proton exchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cells[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2017,9(23):20046-20056.
[41]RAVI K,MAMLOUK M,SCOTT K.Sulfonated polyether ether ketone-sulfonated graphene oxide composite membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells[J].RSC Adv.,2014,4(2):617-623.
[42]YIN Y H,WANG H Y,CAO L,et al.Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)-based hybrid membranes containing graphene oxide with acid-base pairs for direct methanol fuel cells[J].Electrochim.Acta,2016,203:178-188.
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