带鱼保护区春秋季鱼类群落特征及与环境因子的关系
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摘要
基于2014年5月(春季)和11月(秋季)在带鱼保护区进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,采用非度量多维标度(NMDS)、典范对应分析(CCA)和分类回归树(CART)方法研究了带鱼保护区春、秋季鱼类群落空间结构和群落多样性,以及它们与环境因子的关系。结果显示,该水域春季共捕获鱼类75种,隶属14目49科63属;秋季捕获鱼类78种,隶属15目50科64属。春、秋两季鱼类空间结构均可划分为2个组群,经单因子相似性(ANOSIM)分析,不同季节的2个组群间均存在显著性差异。CCA分析表明,影响春、秋季鱼类群落分布的主要环境因子有温度、盐度、水深以及浮游动物。春季多样性指数平均值为1.65±0.60,丰富度指数为2.46±0.90,秋季多样性指数平均值为1.42±0.53,丰富度指数为1.89±0.60。CART分析表明,影响春季多样性和丰富度的主要因素有Chl.a、DO、水深、p H和浮游动物(磷虾类和浮游幼体);秋季多样性主要受温度、水深和盐度的影响,丰富度主要受水深和温度的影响。
The fish community structure and its relationships with the environmental factors in the Nature Reserve of Trichiurus japonicus were studied based on the data collected from bottom trawl surveys in spring and autumn2014 by using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS), canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) and classification and regression tree(CART). In spring, a total of 75 fish species were sampled in the survey, belonging to63 genera, 49 families, and 14 orders. In autumn, a total of 78 fish species were captured, belonging to 64 genera,50 families, and 15 orders. Spatial structure of fish assemblage in spring and autumn could be classified into two groups. ANOSIM(analysis of similarity) indicated that the fish species composition varied significantly between two groups in two seasons. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) suggested that the main environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of fish assemblage in spring and autumn were water temperature, salinity,depth and zooplankton. The average values of diversity index and richness index were 1.65±0.60 and 2.46±0.90 separately in spring, while the average values of diversity index and richness index were 1.42±0.53 and 1.89±0.60 separately in autumn. The classification and regression tree(CART) indicated that the diversity and richness index in spring and autumn were mainly affected by Chl.a, DO, depth, p H and zooplankton(euphausiid and planktonic larvae). The main factors affecting the diversity index were water temperature, depth and salinity in autumn, while the main factors affecting the richness index were water temperature and depth.
The fish community structure and its relationships with the environmental factors in the Nature Reserve of Trichiurus japonicus were studied based on the data collected from bottom trawl surveys in spring and autumn2014 by using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS), canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) and classification and regression tree(CART). In spring, a total of 75 fish species were sampled in the survey, belonging to63 genera, 49 families, and 14 orders. In autumn, a total of 78 fish species were captured, belonging to 64 genera,50 families, and 15 orders. Spatial structure of fish assemblage in spring and autumn could be classified into two groups. ANOSIM(analysis of similarity) indicated that the fish species composition varied significantly between two groups in two seasons. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) suggested that the main environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of fish assemblage in spring and autumn were water temperature, salinity,depth and zooplankton. The average values of diversity index and richness index were 1.65±0.60 and 2.46±0.90 separately in spring, while the average values of diversity index and richness index were 1.42±0.53 and 1.89±0.60 separately in autumn. The classification and regression tree(CART) indicated that the diversity and richness index in spring and autumn were mainly affected by Chl.a, DO, depth, p H and zooplankton(euphausiid and planktonic larvae). The main factors affecting the diversity index were water temperature, depth and salinity in autumn, while the main factors affecting the richness index were water temperature and depth.
引文
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[21]王小荟.海州湾主要鱼种的空间分布及其与环境因子的关系[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Wang X H.Spatial distribution of dominant fish species in Haizhou Bay and their relationships with environmental factors[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013(in Chinese).
[22]王雪辉,邱永松,杜飞雁,等.北部湾鱼类群落格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].水产学报,2010,34(10):1579-1586.Wang X H,Qiu Y S,Du F Y,et al.Fish community pattern and its relation to environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(10):1579-1586(in Chinese).
[23]Pinault M,Bissery C,Gassiole G,et al.Fish community structure in relation to environmental variation in coastal volcanic habitats[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2014,460:62-71.
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[25]Maes J,Stevens M,Breine J.Modelling the migrationopportunities of diadromous fish species along a gradient ofdissolved oxygen concentration in a European tidal watershed[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,75(1-2):151-162.
[26]Jacob W,Mc Clatchie S,Probert P K,et al.Demersal fish assemblages off southern New Zealand in relation todepth and temperature[J].Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,1998,45(12):2119-2155.
[27]Selleslagh J,Amara R.Environmental factors structuring fish composition and assemblages in a small macrotidal estuary(eastern English Channel)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2008,79(3):507-517.
[2]宓崇道.东海带鱼资源状况、群体结构及繁殖特性变化的研究[J].中国水产科学,1997,4(1):7-14.Mi CD.Astudyon resources,stock structure and variation of reproductive habit of Hairtail,Trichiurus haumela in East China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1997,4(1):7-14(in Chinese).
[3]周永东,徐汉祥,刘子藩,等.东海带鱼群体结构变动的研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2002,21(4):314-320.Zhou Y D,Xu H X,Liu Z P,et al.A study on variation of stock structure of Hairtall,Trichiurus haumela in theEast China Sea[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2002,21(4):314-320(in Chinese).
[4]翟璐,徐宾铎,纪毓鹏,等.黄河口及其邻近水域夏季鱼类群落空间格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2852-2858.Zhai L,Xu B D,Ji Y P,et al.Spatial pattern of fish assemblage and the relationship with environmental factors in Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters in summer[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2852-2858(in Chinese).
[5]李圣法,程家骅,严利平.东海大陆架鱼类群落的空间结构[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4377-4386.Li S F,Cheng J H,Yan L P.Spatial structures of fish communities on the continental shelf of the East China Sea[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(11):4377-4386(in Chinese).
[6]姜亚洲,程家骅,李圣法.东海北部鱼类群落多样性及其结构特征的变化[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(3):453-459.Jiang Y Z,Cheng J H,Li S F.Variation in fish community structure and biodiversity in the north of the East China Sea between two periods[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(3):453-459(in Chinese).
[7]刘勇,李圣法,陈学刚,等.东、黄海2000年冬季底层鱼类群落结构及其多样性[J].海洋科学,2007,31(10):19-24.Liu Y,Li S F,Chen X G,et al.The structure and diversity of demersal fish communities in winter 2000 in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Sciences,2007,31(10):19-24(in Chinese).
[8]刘瑞玉.中国海洋生物名录[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.Liu RY.Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008(in Chinese).
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 12763.6-2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantineof People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.GB/T 12763.6-2007 Specifications for Oceanographic Survey-Part 6:Marine Biological Survey[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007(in Chinese).
[10]Ludwig J A,Reynolds J F.Statistical Ecology[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1988.
[11]Bray J R,Curtis J T.An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin[J].Ecological Monographs,1957,27(4):325-349.
[12]Hammer?,Harper D A T.Paleontological Data Analysis[M].Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,2006.
[13]Breiman L,Friedman J,Stone C J,et al.Classification and Regression Trees[M].Boca Raton,FL:CRC Press,1984.
[14]谢益辉.基于R软件rpart包的分类与回归树应用[J].统计与信息论坛,2007,22(5):67-70.Xie Y H.The application of the classification and regression tree based on the package rpart in R-language[J].Statistics&Information Forum,2007,22(5):67-70(in Chinese).
[15]翟璐,韩东燕,傅道军,等.胶州湾及其邻近海域鱼类群落结构及与环境因子的关系[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(4):810-821.Zhai L,Han D Y,Fu D J,et al.Fish community structure and the relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent waters[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2014,21(4):810-821(in Chinese).
[16]王迎宾,俞存根,陈全震,等.春、夏季舟山渔场及其邻近海域鱼类群落格局[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):545-551.Wang Y B,Yu C G,Chen Q Z,et al.Community structure of fish in Zhoushan Fishing Ground and its adjacent waters in spring and summer[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(2):545-551(in Chinese).
[17]李圣法,严利平,李长松,等.东海北部鱼类组成特征分析[J].水产学报,2004,28(4):384-392.Li S F,Yan L P,Li C S,et al.The analysis of fish composition pattern in the northern East China Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(4):384-392(in Chinese).
[18]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.Zhang J T.Quantitative Ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004(in Chinese).
[19]王小林,徐宾铎,纪毓鹏,等.海州湾及邻近海域冬季鱼类群落结构及其与环境因的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1707-1714.Wang X L,Xu B D,Ji Y P,et al.Fish community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters of East China in winter[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(6):1707-1714(in Chinese).
[20]汪洋,吴常文.中街山列岛岩礁海域鱼类群落多样性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(4):776-785.Wang Y,Wu C W.Fish community diversities in reef waters of Zhongjieshan Islands[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(4):776-785(in Chinese).
[21]王小荟.海州湾主要鱼种的空间分布及其与环境因子的关系[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Wang X H.Spatial distribution of dominant fish species in Haizhou Bay and their relationships with environmental factors[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013(in Chinese).
[22]王雪辉,邱永松,杜飞雁,等.北部湾鱼类群落格局及其与环境因子的关系[J].水产学报,2010,34(10):1579-1586.Wang X H,Qiu Y S,Du F Y,et al.Fish community pattern and its relation to environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(10):1579-1586(in Chinese).
[23]Pinault M,Bissery C,Gassiole G,et al.Fish community structure in relation to environmental variation in coastal volcanic habitats[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2014,460:62-71.
[24]杨纪明.渤海鱼类的食性和营养级研究[J].现代渔业信息,2001,16(10):10-19.Yang J M.A study on food and trophic levels of Bohai Sea fish[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2001,16(10):10-19(in Chinese).
[25]Maes J,Stevens M,Breine J.Modelling the migrationopportunities of diadromous fish species along a gradient ofdissolved oxygen concentration in a European tidal watershed[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,75(1-2):151-162.
[26]Jacob W,Mc Clatchie S,Probert P K,et al.Demersal fish assemblages off southern New Zealand in relation todepth and temperature[J].Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,1998,45(12):2119-2155.
[27]Selleslagh J,Amara R.Environmental factors structuring fish composition and assemblages in a small macrotidal estuary(eastern English Channel)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2008,79(3):507-517.