油气管道周边区域划分与距离设定研究
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摘要
为合理评估并有效控制管道与周边区域的相互影响,提出1种油气管道周边区域划分与距离设定方法。通过数据统计与事故案例分析,归纳了油气管道安全运行面临的4项问题,结合管道与周边区域相互影响类型及范围,提出将周边区域沿管道中心线依次划分为管道通行区、规划控制区和应急响应区。根据法律规定、实际事故后果影响范围和典型事故后果数值计算结果,提出了上述3个区域的距离设定原则与计算方法,并针对当前油气管道周边区域管理存在的问题提出了分区域管控建议。研究结果表明:所提出的方法有助于控制管道与周边区域的相互影响,保障管道安全运行和周边区域公共安全。
In order to reasonably evaluate and effectively control the interaction between the pipeline and the surrounding areas,a method for the zone division and distance setting of the surrounding areas adjacent to the oil and gas pipeline was proposed. Four problems about the safe operation of oil and gas pipeline were summarized through the data statistics and accident cases analysis,and combined with the types and ranges of the interaction between the pipeline and the surrounding areas,it was recommended that the surrounding areas of the pipeline should be divided into the pipeline passage zone,planning control zone and emergency response zone along the center line of the pipeline. The principles and calculation methods of distance setting for these three zones were put forward according to the legal regulations,the influence ranges of actual accident consequence and the numerical calculation results of typical accident consequence,then the management and control suggestions of each zone were proposed in view of the existing problems in the management of the surrounding areas of oil and gas pipelines. The results showed that the proposed method is helpful to control the interaction between the pipelines and surrounding areas,and ensure the safe operation of pipelines and the public safety of surrounding areas.
In order to reasonably evaluate and effectively control the interaction between the pipeline and the surrounding areas,a method for the zone division and distance setting of the surrounding areas adjacent to the oil and gas pipeline was proposed. Four problems about the safe operation of oil and gas pipeline were summarized through the data statistics and accident cases analysis,and combined with the types and ranges of the interaction between the pipeline and the surrounding areas,it was recommended that the surrounding areas of the pipeline should be divided into the pipeline passage zone,planning control zone and emergency response zone along the center line of the pipeline. The principles and calculation methods of distance setting for these three zones were put forward according to the legal regulations,the influence ranges of actual accident consequence and the numerical calculation results of typical accident consequence,then the management and control suggestions of each zone were proposed in view of the existing problems in the management of the surrounding areas of oil and gas pipelines. The results showed that the proposed method is helpful to control the interaction between the pipelines and surrounding areas,and ensure the safe operation of pipelines and the public safety of surrounding areas.
引文
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[14]董绍华,王东营,费凡,等.管道地区等级升级与公共安全风险管控[J].油气储运,2014,33(11):1164-1170.DONG Shaohua,WANG Dongying,FEI Fan,et al. Upgrading of pipeline regions and control of public security risk[J]. Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(11):1164-1170.
[15]冯庆善.油气管道事故特征与量化的理论研究[J].油气储运,2017,36(4):369-374.FENG Qingshan. Theoretical study on characteristics and quantification of oil and gas pipeline accidents[J]. Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(4):369-374.
[16]李晰睿,肖国清.架空天然气管道泄漏事故后果数值模拟研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(4):77-83.LI Xirui,XIAO Guoqing. Numerical simulation on consequences of leakage accident for overhead natural gas pipeline[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(4):77-83.
[17] CCPS. Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion Pressure Vessel Burst,BLEVE,and Flash Fire Hazards(second ed.)[M]. John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,Hoboken:New Jersey,2010.
[18] ROBERTO BUBBICO. A statistical analysis of causes and consequences of the release of hazardous materials from pipelines. The influence of layout[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2018,56:458-466.
[19]张圣柱.油气管道周边挖掘前咨询系统建设探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(10):80-85.ZHANG Shengzhu. Discussion on construction of consultation system before digging near oil and gas transmission pipeline[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(10):80-85.
[20]张圣柱,王如君,多英全,等.国家油气管道地图系统架构探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(11):12-18.ZHANG Shengzhu,WANG Rujun,DUO Yingquan,et al. Discussion on architecture of national oil and gas pipeline mapping system[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(11):12-18.
[2]全国石油天然气标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC355).油气输送管道完整性管理规范:GB 32167-2015[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[3] Canadian Standards Association. Plus 663 Land use planning for pipelines:A guideline for local authorities,developers,and pipeline operators[R]. Mississauga,Ontario:Canadian Standards Association,2004.
[4]冯晓东,张圣柱,王如君,等.加拿大油气管道安全管理体系及其启示[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(6):180-186.FENG Xiaodong,ZHANG Shengzhu,WANG Rujun,et al. Canada oil and gas pipeline safety management system and its implications[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(6):180-186.
[5] The Pipelines and Informed Planning Alliance. Partnering to further enhance pipeline safety in communities through risk-informed land use planning final report of recommended practices[R]. 2010.
[6] Department of Homeland Security,Federal Emergency Management Agency. Hazard mitigation planning:practices for land use planning and development near pipelines[R]. 2015.
[7]冯庆善.关于北美管道周边土地利用相关法规标准的调查及建议[J].管道保护,2018(6):12-15.FENG Qingshan. Investigation and suggestion on relevant laws and regulations on land use around pipelines in North America[J]. Protection on Oil&Gas Pipelines,2018(6):12-15.
[8]帅健.美国油气管道事故及其启示[J].油气储运,2010,29(11):806-809.SHUAI Jian. Oil and gas pipeline accident in US and their inspiration[J]. Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2010,29(11):806-809.
[9]帅健.美国油气管道的安全管理体系研究[J].油气储运,2008,27(7):6-11.SHUAI Jian. Investigation on oil&gas pipeline safety administration system in USA[J]. Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2008,27(7):6-11.
[10] GIRGIN S,KRAUSMANN E. Historical analysis of US onshore hazardous liquid pipeline accidents triggered by natural hazards[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2016,40:578-590.
[11]西气东输管道公司组织全力抢修西二线中卫段受损管道事故后果有望降至最低[EB/OL].(2016-07-22). https://www.baidu. com/link? url=e KRMT9t1icG95lqsHElKT7LOEqoVPgYie PpyMNj7DL9o7L1X8kICa0l7c5A5ylmrTbPTAlU1dWv_Rp2cpnBp Ukr8dsmg3G2SpWyo31-fbNm&wd=&eqid=c097a44c00028efa000000065bce0624.
[12]国务院安全生产委员会关于深入开展油气输送管道隐患整治攻坚战的通知[EB/OL].(2014-11-02). http://old. chinasafety. gov. cn/jgzn/awhsy/gwyawh/201411/t20141102_140756. shtml.
[13]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.输气管道工程设计规范:GB 50251-2015[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015.
[14]董绍华,王东营,费凡,等.管道地区等级升级与公共安全风险管控[J].油气储运,2014,33(11):1164-1170.DONG Shaohua,WANG Dongying,FEI Fan,et al. Upgrading of pipeline regions and control of public security risk[J]. Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2014,33(11):1164-1170.
[15]冯庆善.油气管道事故特征与量化的理论研究[J].油气储运,2017,36(4):369-374.FENG Qingshan. Theoretical study on characteristics and quantification of oil and gas pipeline accidents[J]. Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(4):369-374.
[16]李晰睿,肖国清.架空天然气管道泄漏事故后果数值模拟研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(4):77-83.LI Xirui,XIAO Guoqing. Numerical simulation on consequences of leakage accident for overhead natural gas pipeline[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(4):77-83.
[17] CCPS. Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion Pressure Vessel Burst,BLEVE,and Flash Fire Hazards(second ed.)[M]. John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,Hoboken:New Jersey,2010.
[18] ROBERTO BUBBICO. A statistical analysis of causes and consequences of the release of hazardous materials from pipelines. The influence of layout[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2018,56:458-466.
[19]张圣柱.油气管道周边挖掘前咨询系统建设探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(10):80-85.ZHANG Shengzhu. Discussion on construction of consultation system before digging near oil and gas transmission pipeline[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(10):80-85.
[20]张圣柱,王如君,多英全,等.国家油气管道地图系统架构探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(11):12-18.ZHANG Shengzhu,WANG Rujun,DUO Yingquan,et al. Discussion on architecture of national oil and gas pipeline mapping system[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(11):12-18.