3个观赏海棠半同胞家系子代叶色动态分析与初选
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摘要
【目的】探讨观赏海棠自由授粉子代苗期叶色变异规律,为半同胞家系育种及海棠新品种选育提供参考。【方法】以3个绿叶观赏海棠品种(‘冬金’、‘冬红’和‘红珠宝’)为母本的自由授粉半同胞家系子代为试材,采用Minolta色差仪对120株半同胞家系子代不同叶位叶片色彩进行动态测定,进行叶色动态变化研究及优选。【结果】(1)基于5—8月子代上叶位L*、C*、h°色彩参数进行CIELCH色空间动态分布图的构建,发现‘冬金’家系子代叶色参数位点最为分散,叶色最为丰富,子代中出现母本不具有的亮绿色和红色叶片。(2)基于5月子代上位叶色彩参数(L*、C*、h°),构建叶色聚类分析图,发现在欧式距离19水平上可将子代划分为两大色系类群和5个子色系类群,即绿色系(包括褐绿色、深绿色和亮绿色)和红色系(包括紫红色和棕红色),其中绿色系占比92.5%。(3)基于聚类分析结果及色彩参数分别构建绿色系和红色系子代评价体系,绿色系中从高亮度、高饱和度及色彩稳定性角度优选出‘冬金’家系的‘A03’、‘A09’,‘冬红’家系的‘D21’和‘红珠宝’家系的‘C10’、‘C26’、‘C29’,红色系从低色调角和色彩持续性角度优选出‘冬金’家系的‘A37’,优株叶色观赏性优于资源圃品种。【结论】通过自由授粉,观赏海棠半同胞子代群体遗传基础大大增加,叶色多样性得以提高;以参数色空间作为优选评价方法,更为直观可视化,可用作观赏海棠实践生产及新品种选育等。
【Objective】In this study,the leaf color variation pattern of the open pollination progenies of the ornamental crabapple was studied to provide reference for half-siblings and breeding cultivars of ornamental crabapples. 【Method】Three green leaf ornamental crabapple cultivars( ‘Winter Gold',‘Winter Red'and‘Red Jewel') and the female parent of the open-pollinated half-sib progenies were used as materials. The Minolta colorimeter was used for measuring the leaf color parameters of 120 half-sib progenies,optimizing the dynamic change of leaf color. 【Results】(1) Based on the L*,C*and h°color parameters of the upper leaf from May to August,the CIELCH color space dynamic distribution map was constructed. It was found that the leaf color parameter loci of ‘Winter Gold'half-sib progenies was the most dispersed as well as most abundant; bright green and red leaves were not present in the female parent.(2) Based on the leaf color parameters( L*,C*and h°) of upper leaves in May,a leaf color clustering analysis was constructed. It was found that the half-sib progenies can be divided into two major color groups and five sub color groups at the Euclidean distance level of 19. The green group occupied the highest proportion( 92. 5%),which included the brown green subgroup,dark green sub group,and bright green sub group. The red group included the purple and brown sub groups.(3)Based on the results of the cluster analysis and color parameters,the evaluation system for the green groups and red groups of the half-sib progenies,respectively,was constructed. Based on the high color brightness,high color chroma value,and high color stability,we found that‘A03'and‘A09'of‘Winter Gold'half-sib progenies,‘D21'of‘Winter Red'half-sib progeny,and ‘C10',‘C26'and ‘C29'of ‘Red Jewel'half-sib progenies were the pre-selection plants in green series. From the perspective of low hue angle and color continuity,we observed that the‘A37'of‘Winter Gold'half-sib progeny in the red groups had higher ornamental value of the pre-selection plants,compared with the other ornamental crabapple cultivars. 【Conclusion】Through open pollination,the genetic diversity of the half-sib progenies of ornamental crabapples has greatly increased,increasing the diversity of leaf color. The parameter color space has been used as the preferred evaluation method,which is more intuitive and visualized,and can be used as a practical method in the production of ornamental crabapples and breeding of new varieties.
【Objective】In this study,the leaf color variation pattern of the open pollination progenies of the ornamental crabapple was studied to provide reference for half-siblings and breeding cultivars of ornamental crabapples. 【Method】Three green leaf ornamental crabapple cultivars( ‘Winter Gold',‘Winter Red'and‘Red Jewel') and the female parent of the open-pollinated half-sib progenies were used as materials. The Minolta colorimeter was used for measuring the leaf color parameters of 120 half-sib progenies,optimizing the dynamic change of leaf color. 【Results】(1) Based on the L*,C*and h°color parameters of the upper leaf from May to August,the CIELCH color space dynamic distribution map was constructed. It was found that the leaf color parameter loci of ‘Winter Gold'half-sib progenies was the most dispersed as well as most abundant; bright green and red leaves were not present in the female parent.(2) Based on the leaf color parameters( L*,C*and h°) of upper leaves in May,a leaf color clustering analysis was constructed. It was found that the half-sib progenies can be divided into two major color groups and five sub color groups at the Euclidean distance level of 19. The green group occupied the highest proportion( 92. 5%),which included the brown green subgroup,dark green sub group,and bright green sub group. The red group included the purple and brown sub groups.(3)Based on the results of the cluster analysis and color parameters,the evaluation system for the green groups and red groups of the half-sib progenies,respectively,was constructed. Based on the high color brightness,high color chroma value,and high color stability,we found that‘A03'and‘A09'of‘Winter Gold'half-sib progenies,‘D21'of‘Winter Red'half-sib progeny,and ‘C10',‘C26'and ‘C29'of ‘Red Jewel'half-sib progenies were the pre-selection plants in green series. From the perspective of low hue angle and color continuity,we observed that the‘A37'of‘Winter Gold'half-sib progeny in the red groups had higher ornamental value of the pre-selection plants,compared with the other ornamental crabapple cultivars. 【Conclusion】Through open pollination,the genetic diversity of the half-sib progenies of ornamental crabapples has greatly increased,increasing the diversity of leaf color. The parameter color space has been used as the preferred evaluation method,which is more intuitive and visualized,and can be used as a practical method in the production of ornamental crabapples and breeding of new varieties.
引文
[1]李育农.苹果属植物种质资源研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:181-183.
[2]李育农.世界苹果和苹果属植物基因中心的研究初报[J].园艺学报,1989(2):101-108.LI Y N.An investigation of the genetic centre of M.pumila and Malus in the world[J]Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1989(2):101-108.
[3]王象晋.二如亭群芳谱[M].海口:海南出版社,2001.
[4]FIALA J L.Flowering crabapples:the genus Malus[M].Portland:Timber Press,1994:106-273.
[5]刘志强,汤庚国.南京地区垂丝海棠品种分类研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):101-106.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2004.01.026.LIU Z Q,TANG G G.A study on cultivar classification system of Malus halliana Koehne[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2004,28(1):101-106.
[6]HONSHO,YONEMORI,SOMSRI,et al.Marked improvement of fruit set in Thai durian by artificial cross-pollination[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2004,101(4):399-406.
[7]STONE J L,DENT-ACOSTA S J.Assessment of pollen viability in hand-pollination experiments:a review[J].American Journal of Botany,1995,82(9):1186-1197.DOI:10.2307/2446073.
[8]乌吉玛,德英,斯琴巴特尔.自交、异交及开放授粉对不同熟性麦宾草结实率的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013(3):28-29,49.WU J M,DE Y,SI Q B T E.Effect of inbred,out breeding and open pollination on setting percentage of different maturity Elymus tangutorum[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2013(3):28-29,49.
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[10]毛萌萌.观赏海棠生殖生物学基础性状分析[D].秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2015.MAO M M.Ornamental crabapple biology reproduction basic character analysis[D].Qinhuangdao:Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,2015.
[11]姜文龙,范俊俊,张丹丹,等.观赏海棠不同叶位色彩特征及特异种质挖掘[J].园艺学报,2017,44(6):1135-1144.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0774.JIANG W L,FAN J J,ZHANG D D,et al.Research on the characteristics of different leaf positions of crabapple’s leaf color and elite germplasm excavation[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2017,44(6):1135-1144.
[12]张往祥,江志华,裘靓等.观赏海棠花色时序动态分布格局研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(3):505-514.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2013.03.015.ZHANG W X,JIANG Z H,QIU J,et al.Studies on sequence dynamic distribution pattern of flower color parameters of ornamental crabapple[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(3):505-514.
[13]UNNO T,SUGIMOTO A,KAKUDA T.Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa(L.)Pers[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2004,93(2/3):391-395.DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2004.04.012.
[14]WHITE S A,SCOGGINS H L.Fertilizer concentration affects growth response and leaf color of Tradescantia virginiana L.[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2005,28(10):1767-1783.DOI:10.1080/01904160500250896.
[15]BYAMUKAMA R,JORDHEIM M,KIREMIRE B,et al.Anthocyanins from flowers of Hippeastrum cultivars[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,109(3):262-266.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2006.05.007.
[16]CIE Technical Report(Draft).Method for deriving colour differences in images[R].Vienna,Austria:Central Bureau of the CIE,2008.
[17]解萌.基于色差公式的图像评价方法研究[D].北京:北京印刷学院,2010:34-39.XIE M.Study on methods of image quality evaluation based on the color-difference formula[D].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,2010:34-39.
[18]王昆,刘凤之,曹玉芬.苹果种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.WANG K,LIU F Z,CAO Y F.Specification and data standard for description of apple germplasm resources[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.
[19]张往祥,范俊俊,杨萍,等.‘紫王子’海棠半同胞家系苗期表型特征分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(6):33-40.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201708012.ZHANG W X,FAN J J,YANG P,et al.Analysis of phenotypic characteristics of the Malus‘Purple Prince’half-sib progenies at seedling stage[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(6):33-40.
[20]COHEN L,POSCH T.Positive time-frequency distribution functions[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1985,33(1):31-38.DOI:10.1109/tassp.1985.1164512.
[21]向其柏,刘玉莲.中国桂花品种图志[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,2008.XIANG Q B,LIU Y L.An illustrated monograph of the sweet Osmanthus cultivars in China[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science&Technology Press,2008.
[2]李育农.世界苹果和苹果属植物基因中心的研究初报[J].园艺学报,1989(2):101-108.LI Y N.An investigation of the genetic centre of M.pumila and Malus in the world[J]Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1989(2):101-108.
[3]王象晋.二如亭群芳谱[M].海口:海南出版社,2001.
[4]FIALA J L.Flowering crabapples:the genus Malus[M].Portland:Timber Press,1994:106-273.
[5]刘志强,汤庚国.南京地区垂丝海棠品种分类研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):101-106.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2004.01.026.LIU Z Q,TANG G G.A study on cultivar classification system of Malus halliana Koehne[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2004,28(1):101-106.
[6]HONSHO,YONEMORI,SOMSRI,et al.Marked improvement of fruit set in Thai durian by artificial cross-pollination[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2004,101(4):399-406.
[7]STONE J L,DENT-ACOSTA S J.Assessment of pollen viability in hand-pollination experiments:a review[J].American Journal of Botany,1995,82(9):1186-1197.DOI:10.2307/2446073.
[8]乌吉玛,德英,斯琴巴特尔.自交、异交及开放授粉对不同熟性麦宾草结实率的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013(3):28-29,49.WU J M,DE Y,SI Q B T E.Effect of inbred,out breeding and open pollination on setting percentage of different maturity Elymus tangutorum[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2013(3):28-29,49.
[9]GVARYAHU G,ROBINZON B,MELTZER A,et al.Artificial insemination and natural mating in the crossbreeding of the Muscovy drake and the Pekin duck[J].Poult Sci,1984,63(2):386-387.DOI:10.3382/ps.0630386.
[10]毛萌萌.观赏海棠生殖生物学基础性状分析[D].秦皇岛:河北科技师范学院,2015.MAO M M.Ornamental crabapple biology reproduction basic character analysis[D].Qinhuangdao:Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,2015.
[11]姜文龙,范俊俊,张丹丹,等.观赏海棠不同叶位色彩特征及特异种质挖掘[J].园艺学报,2017,44(6):1135-1144.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0774.JIANG W L,FAN J J,ZHANG D D,et al.Research on the characteristics of different leaf positions of crabapple’s leaf color and elite germplasm excavation[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2017,44(6):1135-1144.
[12]张往祥,江志华,裘靓等.观赏海棠花色时序动态分布格局研究[J].园艺学报,2013,40(3):505-514.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2013.03.015.ZHANG W X,JIANG Z H,QIU J,et al.Studies on sequence dynamic distribution pattern of flower color parameters of ornamental crabapple[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(3):505-514.
[13]UNNO T,SUGIMOTO A,KAKUDA T.Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa(L.)Pers[J].J Ethnopharmacol,2004,93(2/3):391-395.DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2004.04.012.
[14]WHITE S A,SCOGGINS H L.Fertilizer concentration affects growth response and leaf color of Tradescantia virginiana L.[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2005,28(10):1767-1783.DOI:10.1080/01904160500250896.
[15]BYAMUKAMA R,JORDHEIM M,KIREMIRE B,et al.Anthocyanins from flowers of Hippeastrum cultivars[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,109(3):262-266.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2006.05.007.
[16]CIE Technical Report(Draft).Method for deriving colour differences in images[R].Vienna,Austria:Central Bureau of the CIE,2008.
[17]解萌.基于色差公式的图像评价方法研究[D].北京:北京印刷学院,2010:34-39.XIE M.Study on methods of image quality evaluation based on the color-difference formula[D].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,2010:34-39.
[18]王昆,刘凤之,曹玉芬.苹果种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.WANG K,LIU F Z,CAO Y F.Specification and data standard for description of apple germplasm resources[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.
[19]张往祥,范俊俊,杨萍,等.‘紫王子’海棠半同胞家系苗期表型特征分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(6):33-40.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201708012.ZHANG W X,FAN J J,YANG P,et al.Analysis of phenotypic characteristics of the Malus‘Purple Prince’half-sib progenies at seedling stage[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(6):33-40.
[20]COHEN L,POSCH T.Positive time-frequency distribution functions[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1985,33(1):31-38.DOI:10.1109/tassp.1985.1164512.
[21]向其柏,刘玉莲.中国桂花品种图志[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,2008.XIANG Q B,LIU Y L.An illustrated monograph of the sweet Osmanthus cultivars in China[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science&Technology Press,2008.