鄂尔多斯盆地延长组地层PDC钻头钻井破岩数值研究
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摘要
针对鄂尔多斯地区浅部地层,通过岩心实验获取力学参数,根据岩石力学D-P准则确定地层本构模型,利用剪切损伤原则确定失效标准。在此基础上,建立了PDC钻头动态破岩的非线性三维有限元模型,开展浅层PDC钻头破岩效率研究,进一步分析钻头破岩过程的响应机理与钻进规律。并对泥岩砂岩进行了破岩仿真,考虑了切向力随时间变化规律。计算结果表明,岩石损伤和应力分布能够反映钻头钻进过程中岩石的动态响应;在其他条件相同时,砂岩层段刀齿受力要高于泥岩层段,刀齿侧向力变化幅度大,在往复受力作用下,切削齿易于产生疲劳破坏甚至崩齿现象。以目标区块的砂岩层段为研究目标,其高效破岩的合理转速为5 r/s,可在较低的能量消耗下提高钻井效率,为现场施工提供理论指导。
In view of the shallow stratum in Ordos area, the mechanical parameters are obtained by core test, the constitutive model of stratum is determined according to rock mechanics D-P criterion, and the failure criterion is determined by shear damage principle. Based on this, the nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model of PDC bit dynamic rock breaking is established; the rock breaking efficiency of shallow PDC bit is studied; the response machine and drilling law of rock breaking process are further analyzed. The results show that the rock damage and stress distribution can reflect the dynamic response of rock in the drilling process; when other conditions are the same, the force of cutter teeth in sandstone layer is higher than that in mudstone layer, and the lateral force of cutter teeth varies greatly. Under the action of reciprocating force, the cutter teeth are prone to fatigue failure or even collapse. Taking the sandstone interval of the target block as the research object,the reasonable speed of rock breaking with high efficiency is 5 r/s,which can improve drilling efficiency with low energy consumption,and provide theoretical guidance for field operation.
In view of the shallow stratum in Ordos area, the mechanical parameters are obtained by core test, the constitutive model of stratum is determined according to rock mechanics D-P criterion, and the failure criterion is determined by shear damage principle. Based on this, the nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model of PDC bit dynamic rock breaking is established; the rock breaking efficiency of shallow PDC bit is studied; the response machine and drilling law of rock breaking process are further analyzed. The results show that the rock damage and stress distribution can reflect the dynamic response of rock in the drilling process; when other conditions are the same, the force of cutter teeth in sandstone layer is higher than that in mudstone layer, and the lateral force of cutter teeth varies greatly. Under the action of reciprocating force, the cutter teeth are prone to fatigue failure or even collapse. Taking the sandstone interval of the target block as the research object,the reasonable speed of rock breaking with high efficiency is 5 r/s,which can improve drilling efficiency with low energy consumption,and provide theoretical guidance for field operation.
引文
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[16] 谭青,杨秧,夏毅敏,等.滚刀滚动切削岩石的数值及试验研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,45(8):69-78.
[2] 李克智,闫吉曾.红河油田水平井钻井提速难点与技术对策[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(2):117-122.
[3] 王滨.锥形PDC齿破岩机理数值模拟研究[A].2015油气田勘探与开发国际会议论文集[C].西安石油大学、陕西省石油学会,2015.
[4] HEYDARSHAHY Seyed Ali,KAREKAL Shivakumar.钻头冠部形状对破岩效果的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2017(4):1-8.
[5] 邹德永,徐城凯,易杨,等.PDC钻头布齿参数与地层适应性的试验研究[J].天然气工业,2017,37(9):85-90.
[6] 孙源秀,邹德永,徐城凯,等.锥形聚晶金刚石复合片钻头(PDC)齿与常规PDC齿破岩效果对比试验[J].科学技术与工程,2015(36):159-162.
[7] 于小龙,祝效华,贾彦杰,等.中心分区式PDC钻头流场数值模拟[J].石油钻探技术,2011(4):107-110.
[8] Garcia-Gavito D.and Azar J.Proper Nozzle Location,Bit Profile and Cutter Arrangement Have Significant Effect on PDC Bit Performance.SPE 20415:886-892.
[9] 李琴,刘永升,黄志强,等.PDC钻头切削破岩机理及数值模拟研究[J].机械科学与技术,2016,35(2):203-209.
[10] 陈修平,邹德永.PDC钻头泥页岩地层钻进泥包机理及对策研究进展[J].天然气工业,2014(2):87-91.
[11] 况雨春,彭亚洲,张雨婷.PDC全钻头破岩数值模拟及试验研究[J].石油机械,2015,43(9):10-13.
[12] 祝效华,李海.PDC切削齿破岩效率数值模拟研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(1):182-191.
[13] 刘照义,张凌峰,王翠姣.PDC钻头井底水力参数理论与数值模拟研究[J].当代化工,2017,46(6):1152-11 55.
[14] 赵文彬.大牛地气田长水平段钻井技术[J].承德石油高等专科学校学报,2017,19(1):18-23.
[15] 陈修平,邹德永,李东杰,等.PDC钻头防泥包性能数值模拟研究[J].石油钻探技术,2015(6):108-113.
[16] 谭青,杨秧,夏毅敏,等.滚刀滚动切削岩石的数值及试验研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,45(8):69-78.