不同氮形态对草莓植株生长和果实品质的影响
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摘要
以‘红颜’草莓砂培苗为材料,采用无氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和硝态氮-铵态氮处理,通过对株高、功能叶和不同发育时期果实生理指标的测定,探讨不同氮形态处理对植株生长发育和果实品质特征的影响。结果表明,硝态氮促进植株生长,提高果实品质,成熟果色泽佳,糖酸比为14.58,多酚含量为2.77%;铵态氮延缓植株生长,但有助于叶片色素合成和果实产量提高,平均单果重可达12.64g,成熟果可滴定酸含量达1.12%,多酚含量为0.47%;硝态氮-铵态氮处理时,植株生长和果实发育较为均衡,平均株高可达32.47 cm,单果重可达11.07 g,成熟果干物质含量和可溶性固形物含量分别为12.12%和13.10%,糖酸比为14.22,多酚含量为2.32%。在草莓生产中,施用硝态氮有助于果实品质的提高,硝态氮-铵态氮处理对植株生长、果实产量和品质提升均有良好效果。
In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen forms on plant growth and fruit quality in strawberry, sand-grown seedlings of cultivar ‘Benihoppe' were treated by N-deficiency, nitrate, ammonium, and mixture of nitrate and ammonium, and then the plant height, physiological indexes of functional leaf and different development periods of fruits were measured. The results indicated that nitrate could promote plant growth and improve fruit color and quality. The sugar-acid ratio was 14.58, and the polyphenol content was 2.77 % in red-ripening fruits derived from nitrate-treated seedlings. Ammonium was beneficial for the synthesis of leaf pigment and improvement of the fruit yield, but it delayed the plant growth. The average weight of single fruit could reach up to 12.64 g, and the contents of titratable acids and polyphenols were 1.12 % and 0.47 %, respectively, in the experiment of ammonium treatment. Interestingly, the mixture of nitrate and ammonium was more suitable for the plant growth and fruit development compared to the other two nitrogen forms and the N-deficiency, and the average plant height and single fruit weight were 32.47 cm and 11.07 g, respectively. Moreover, the sugar-acid ratio was 14.22, and the contents of dry matters, soluble solids and polyphenols were 12.12 %, 13.10% and 2.32%, respectively, in the red-ripening fruits. Therefore, in strawberry production, application of nitrate will benefit for improving fruit quality, and the mixture of nitrate and ammonium is suitable for the plant growth, fruit yield and quality of strawberry.
In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen forms on plant growth and fruit quality in strawberry, sand-grown seedlings of cultivar ‘Benihoppe' were treated by N-deficiency, nitrate, ammonium, and mixture of nitrate and ammonium, and then the plant height, physiological indexes of functional leaf and different development periods of fruits were measured. The results indicated that nitrate could promote plant growth and improve fruit color and quality. The sugar-acid ratio was 14.58, and the polyphenol content was 2.77 % in red-ripening fruits derived from nitrate-treated seedlings. Ammonium was beneficial for the synthesis of leaf pigment and improvement of the fruit yield, but it delayed the plant growth. The average weight of single fruit could reach up to 12.64 g, and the contents of titratable acids and polyphenols were 1.12 % and 0.47 %, respectively, in the experiment of ammonium treatment. Interestingly, the mixture of nitrate and ammonium was more suitable for the plant growth and fruit development compared to the other two nitrogen forms and the N-deficiency, and the average plant height and single fruit weight were 32.47 cm and 11.07 g, respectively. Moreover, the sugar-acid ratio was 14.22, and the contents of dry matters, soluble solids and polyphenols were 12.12 %, 13.10% and 2.32%, respectively, in the red-ripening fruits. Therefore, in strawberry production, application of nitrate will benefit for improving fruit quality, and the mixture of nitrate and ammonium is suitable for the plant growth, fruit yield and quality of strawberry.
引文
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[15]GUOS,KALDENHOFFR,UEHLEINN,etal.Relationshipbetweenwaterandnitrogenuptakeinnitrate‐andammonium-suppliedPhaseolusvulgarisL.plants[J].J Plant Nutr Soil Sc, 2007, 170(1):73-80.
[16]SOURIMK,NEUMANNG,R?MHELDV.Nitrogen formsandwaterconsumptionintomatoplants[J].Hortic Environ Biote, 2009, 50(5):377-383.
[17]LIU X X, LU L L, CHEN Q H, et al. Ammonium reduces oxalateaccumulationindifferentspinach(Spinacia oleraceaL.)genotypesbyinhibitingrootuptakeofnitrate[J]. Food Chem, 2015, 186:312-318.
[18]GARNICAM,HOUDUSSEF,YVINJC,etal.Nitrate supply induces changes in polyamine content and ethylene productioninwheatplantsgrownwithammonium[J].J Plant Physiol, 2009, 166(4):363-374.
[19]PATTERSON K, CAKMAK T, COOPER A, et al. Distinct signalling pathways and transcriptome response signatures differentiateammonium-andnitrate-suppliedplants[J].Plant Cell Environ, 2010, 33(9):1486-1501.
[2]彭福田,张青,姜远茂,等.不同施氮处理草莓氮素吸收分配及产量差异的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006, 12(3):400-405.
[3]SOHLENKAMPC,WOODCC,ROEBGW,etal.CharacterizationofArabidopsisAt AMT2,ahigh-affinity ammoniumtransporteroftheplasmamembrane[J].Plant Physiol, 2002, 130(4):1788-1796.
[4]申建波,毛达如.植物营养研究方法[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2011.
[5]ZHANG J, WANG X, YU O, et al. Metabolic profiling of strawberry(Fragaria×ananassaDuch.)duringfruitdevelopmentandmaturation[J].JExpBot,2010,62(3):1103-1118.
[6]陶俊,张上隆.园艺植物类胡萝卜素的代谢及其调节[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2003,29(5):585-590.
[7]北京农业大学.农业化学(总论)[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社.
[8]HACHIYA T, SAKAKIBARA H. Interactions between nitrate andammoniumintheiruptake, allocation, assimilation,andsignalinginplants[J].JExpBot,2016:68(10):2501-2512.
[9]赵爽.氮素形态及氮素配比对越橘生长发育影响的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学, 2007.
[10]杨阳.氮素形态对葡萄生长发育的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2010.
[11]田霄鸿,李生秀.几种蔬菜对硝态氮、铵态氮的相对吸收能力[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2000, 6(2):194-201.
[12]程然,生吉萍.草莓多酚类植物化学物研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2015,6(2):575-584.
[13]余意,杨其长,刘文科.氮形态对3种叶色生菜光谱吸收及产量品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2015(增刊1),425-428.
[14]HACHIYAT,WATANABECK,FUJIMOTOM,etal.Nitrateadditionalleviatesammoniumtoxicitywithout lesseningammoniumaccumulation,organicaciddepletionandinorganiccationdepletioninArabidopsisthaliana shoots[J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 2012, 53(3):577-591.
[15]GUOS,KALDENHOFFR,UEHLEINN,etal.Relationshipbetweenwaterandnitrogenuptakeinnitrate‐andammonium-suppliedPhaseolusvulgarisL.plants[J].J Plant Nutr Soil Sc, 2007, 170(1):73-80.
[16]SOURIMK,NEUMANNG,R?MHELDV.Nitrogen formsandwaterconsumptionintomatoplants[J].Hortic Environ Biote, 2009, 50(5):377-383.
[17]LIU X X, LU L L, CHEN Q H, et al. Ammonium reduces oxalateaccumulationindifferentspinach(Spinacia oleraceaL.)genotypesbyinhibitingrootuptakeofnitrate[J]. Food Chem, 2015, 186:312-318.
[18]GARNICAM,HOUDUSSEF,YVINJC,etal.Nitrate supply induces changes in polyamine content and ethylene productioninwheatplantsgrownwithammonium[J].J Plant Physiol, 2009, 166(4):363-374.
[19]PATTERSON K, CAKMAK T, COOPER A, et al. Distinct signalling pathways and transcriptome response signatures differentiateammonium-andnitrate-suppliedplants[J].Plant Cell Environ, 2010, 33(9):1486-1501.