摘要
绿洲是新疆重要的农业生产生活基地,乡村聚落也都集中分布在水肥条件较佳的绿洲内.新疆生产建设兵团作为新疆重要的一支农业生产力量,扎根在新疆的各块绿洲上,与地方相互交融,自行管理内部行政、司法事务.由于兵团与地方在历史、管理和体制等方面有很大的不同,其作为农业生产生活主要根据地的乡村聚落可能也会有区别,通过研究兵团与地方乡村聚落格局差异与特征,分析形成这种差异性的原因.结果表明:辖区内兵团聚落密度大于地方聚落密度,但在农耕区内,兵团聚落密度小于地方聚落密度;在乡村聚落布局上,聚落的分布与地势海拔、距离河流远近方面呈现负相关关系,地方聚落平均海拔较高,高差小,距离河流较近,兵团聚落平均海拔较低,高差大,距离河流较远;在乡村聚落外部形状复杂度上,地方乡村聚落大于兵团乡村聚落,团场乡镇聚落大于连队自然村聚落.
Oasis is an important agricultural production and living base in Xinjiang,and the rural settlements are also concentrated in the oasis with better water and fertilizer conditions.Xinjiang production and construction corps(XPCC),an important agricultural production force in Xinjiang,is rooted in the oasis of Xinjiang and located in different prefectures,self-managing its internal administration,as well as judicial affairs.XPCC is very different in history,system and management from local communities,so rural settlements as its main production and living base area are inevitably different.In recent years,there are many researches on rural settlements,but the researches focus on the pattern and layout of rural settlements in one or more administrative areas,and there are few studies on rural settlement comparison.By comparing the differences between XPCC settlements and local native settlements in the oasis,with methods of density analysis,adjacent index and shape index,this paper highlights the influence of special system of XPCC onrural settlements pattern and layout in arid area like Xinjiang,China.The conclusions are as follows.The density of XPCC settlements is greater than that of local settlements,but in the farming area,the density of XPCC settlements is less than that of local settlements.As for the layout of rural settlements,the distribution of settlements is negatively related to elevation and distance from rivers.The average altitude of local settlements is high,the difference of height is small,near from rivers,while those of XPCC settlements is on the contrary.The complexity of rural settlements external shape regularity of XPCC rural settlements is lower than that of local rural settlements,that of regimental farm-local township of rural settlements is higher than that of natural village-production company.
引文
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