基于模糊控制的区域电动汽车入网充放电调度策略
|
摘要
提出一种基于模糊控制的电动汽车入网(V2G)充放电调度策略。首先,提出V2G管理系统的整体结构,其主要由有序充电调度系统和V2G变流器控制系统组成,前者合理安排各充电桩的充放电功率,实现削峰填谷的辅助功能;后者响应上层调度下发的功率指令,控制实际充放电行为,提供稳定的电能变换和能量交换的接口。然后,在有序充电调度系统中综合当前配电网的负荷特点,对当前接入充电站的全部电动汽车进行调配,并采用模糊控制算法计算充放电功率并下发给各充电桩,改善区域电网的负荷特性,实现削峰填谷的辅助功能。最后,通过仿真实验证明所提有序充电调度系统在满足电动汽车充电需求的同时,能够充分地利用电动汽车负荷的灵活性;在实现对电网削峰填谷的同时,有效地避免了电网负荷低谷时段大量电动汽车充电引起新负荷尖峰的问题。
A charging and discharging dispatch strategy of V2 G(Vehicle-to-Grid) based on fuzzy control is proposed. Firstly,the overall structure of V2 G management system is proposed,which is mainly composed of the ordered charging dispatch system and the control system of V2 G converter. The former arranges the charging and discharging power of each charging pile reasonably to realize the auxiliary function of peak-load shifting. The latter responds to the power command issued by the upper dispatch system,controls the actual charging and discharging behavior,and provides a stable interface for power conversion and energy exchange. Then,in the ordered charging dispatch system,considering the load characteristics of the current distribution network,all electric vehicles connected to the charging station are dispatched and allocated,and the charging and discharging power is calculated by fuzzy control algorithm and then is distributed to each charging pile,so as to improve the load characteristics of the regional power grid and realize the auxiliary function of peak-load shifting. Finally,the simulation experiment indicates that,the proposed ordered charging dispatch system can fully utilize the flexibility of electric vehicle load while meeting the charging requirements of electric vehicles,and can not only realize the peak-load shifting for power grid,but also effectively avoid the problem of new load peak caused by the charging of a large number of electric vehicles in the load valley period of power grid.
A charging and discharging dispatch strategy of V2 G(Vehicle-to-Grid) based on fuzzy control is proposed. Firstly,the overall structure of V2 G management system is proposed,which is mainly composed of the ordered charging dispatch system and the control system of V2 G converter. The former arranges the charging and discharging power of each charging pile reasonably to realize the auxiliary function of peak-load shifting. The latter responds to the power command issued by the upper dispatch system,controls the actual charging and discharging behavior,and provides a stable interface for power conversion and energy exchange. Then,in the ordered charging dispatch system,considering the load characteristics of the current distribution network,all electric vehicles connected to the charging station are dispatched and allocated,and the charging and discharging power is calculated by fuzzy control algorithm and then is distributed to each charging pile,so as to improve the load characteristics of the regional power grid and realize the auxiliary function of peak-load shifting. Finally,the simulation experiment indicates that,the proposed ordered charging dispatch system can fully utilize the flexibility of electric vehicle load while meeting the charging requirements of electric vehicles,and can not only realize the peak-load shifting for power grid,but also effectively avoid the problem of new load peak caused by the charging of a large number of electric vehicles in the load valley period of power grid.
引文
[1] 郭建龙,文福拴.电动汽车充电对电力系统的影响及其对策[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(6):1-9,30.GUO Jianlong,WEN Fushuan.Impact of electric vehicle charging on power system and relevant countermeasures[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(6):1-9,30.
[2] MOZINA C.Impact of green power distributed generation[J].IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,2010,16(4):55-62.
[3] 王建,吴奎华,刘志珍,等.电动汽车充电对配电网负荷的影响及有序控制研究[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(8):47-52.WANG Jian,WU Kuihua,LIU Zhizhen,et al.Impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution network load and coordinated control[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(8):47-52.
[4] 赵俊华,文福拴,杨爱民,等.电动汽车对电力系统的影响及其调度与控制问题[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(14):2-10,29.ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,YANG Aimin,et al.Impacts of electric vehicles on power systems as well as the associated dispatching and control problem[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(14):2-10,29.
[5] 张颖达,刘念,张建华,等.电动汽车换电站V2G运行对中压配电网故障特征的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(11):55-61.ZHANG Yingda,LIU Nian,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Impact of battery swap station using V2G technology on fault characteristics of medium voltage distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(11):55-61.
[6] 王锡凡,邵成成,王秀丽,等.电动汽车充电负荷与调度控制策略综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):1-10.WANG Xifan,SHAO Chengcheng,WANG Xiuli,et al.Survey of electric vehicle charging load and dispatch control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):1-10.
[7] 刘晓飞,张千帆.电动汽车V2G技术综述[J].电动技术学报,2012,27(2):121-127.LIU Xiaofei,ZHANG Qianfan.Review of electric vehicle V2G technology[J].Transations of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(2):121-127.
[8] 翁国庆,黄飞腾,张有兵,等.电动公交汽车电池集群参与海岛微网能量调度的V2G策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(10):31-37.WENG Guoqing,HUANG Feiteng,ZHANG Youbing,et al.V2G strategy for energy dispatch of island microgrid with EBBG[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(10):31-37.
[9] THIRUGNANAM K,JOY T P E R,SINGH M,et al.Modeling and control of contactless based smart charging station in V2G scenario[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(1):337-348.
[10] SINGH M,KUMAR P,KAR I.Implementation of vehicle to grid infrastructure using fuzzy logic controller[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(1):565-577.
[11] 罗卓伟,胡泽春,宋永华,等.大规模电动汽车充放电优化控制及容量效益分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(10):19-26.LUO Zhuowei,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua,et al.Coordinated char-ging and discharging of large-scale plug-in electric vehicles with cost and capacity benefit analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(10):19-26.
[12] 刘东奇,钟庆昌,王耀南,等.基于同步逆变器的电动汽车V2G智能充放电控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):544-557.LIU Dongqi,ZHONG Qingchang,WANG Yaonan,et al.A synchron-verter-based V2G smart charging and discharging control strategy for electric vehicles[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):544-557.
[13] 李伟生.基于V2G的电动汽车充放电优化调度策略研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2016.LI Weisheng.Research on optimal scheduling strategy of electric vehicle charging and discharging based on V2G[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2016.
[14] TORRES L M A,LOPES L A C,MORAN T L A,et al.Self-tuning virtual synchronous machine:a control strategy for energy storage systems to support dynamic frequency control[J].IEEE Transac-tions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(4):833-840.
[15] 高桂革.模糊控制理论及其应用的发展[J].上海电机学院学报,2005,8(5):62-64,69.GAO Guige.The theoretical and applicable development of fuzzy control[J].Journal of Shanghai Dianji University,2005,8(5):62-64,69.
[16] 郑浩鑫,郑宾,殷云华,等.模糊PID数字控制器系统的仿真与设计[J].机械工程与自动化,2009(2):121-123.ZHENG Haoxin,ZHENG Bin,YIN Yunhua,et al.Simulation and design of numeral fuzzy PID controller system[J].Mechanical Engineering & Automation,2009(2):121-123.
[17] 温剑锋,陶顺,肖湘宁,等.基于出行链随机模拟的电动汽车充电需求分析[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1477-1484.WEN Jianfeng,TAO Shun,XIAO Xiangning,et al.Analysis on char-ging demand of EV based on stochastic simulation of trip chain[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1477-1484.
[2] MOZINA C.Impact of green power distributed generation[J].IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,2010,16(4):55-62.
[3] 王建,吴奎华,刘志珍,等.电动汽车充电对配电网负荷的影响及有序控制研究[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(8):47-52.WANG Jian,WU Kuihua,LIU Zhizhen,et al.Impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution network load and coordinated control[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(8):47-52.
[4] 赵俊华,文福拴,杨爱民,等.电动汽车对电力系统的影响及其调度与控制问题[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(14):2-10,29.ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,YANG Aimin,et al.Impacts of electric vehicles on power systems as well as the associated dispatching and control problem[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(14):2-10,29.
[5] 张颖达,刘念,张建华,等.电动汽车换电站V2G运行对中压配电网故障特征的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(11):55-61.ZHANG Yingda,LIU Nian,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Impact of battery swap station using V2G technology on fault characteristics of medium voltage distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(11):55-61.
[6] 王锡凡,邵成成,王秀丽,等.电动汽车充电负荷与调度控制策略综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):1-10.WANG Xifan,SHAO Chengcheng,WANG Xiuli,et al.Survey of electric vehicle charging load and dispatch control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):1-10.
[7] 刘晓飞,张千帆.电动汽车V2G技术综述[J].电动技术学报,2012,27(2):121-127.LIU Xiaofei,ZHANG Qianfan.Review of electric vehicle V2G technology[J].Transations of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(2):121-127.
[8] 翁国庆,黄飞腾,张有兵,等.电动公交汽车电池集群参与海岛微网能量调度的V2G策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(10):31-37.WENG Guoqing,HUANG Feiteng,ZHANG Youbing,et al.V2G strategy for energy dispatch of island microgrid with EBBG[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(10):31-37.
[9] THIRUGNANAM K,JOY T P E R,SINGH M,et al.Modeling and control of contactless based smart charging station in V2G scenario[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(1):337-348.
[10] SINGH M,KUMAR P,KAR I.Implementation of vehicle to grid infrastructure using fuzzy logic controller[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(1):565-577.
[11] 罗卓伟,胡泽春,宋永华,等.大规模电动汽车充放电优化控制及容量效益分析[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(10):19-26.LUO Zhuowei,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua,et al.Coordinated char-ging and discharging of large-scale plug-in electric vehicles with cost and capacity benefit analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(10):19-26.
[12] 刘东奇,钟庆昌,王耀南,等.基于同步逆变器的电动汽车V2G智能充放电控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):544-557.LIU Dongqi,ZHONG Qingchang,WANG Yaonan,et al.A synchron-verter-based V2G smart charging and discharging control strategy for electric vehicles[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):544-557.
[13] 李伟生.基于V2G的电动汽车充放电优化调度策略研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2016.LI Weisheng.Research on optimal scheduling strategy of electric vehicle charging and discharging based on V2G[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2016.
[14] TORRES L M A,LOPES L A C,MORAN T L A,et al.Self-tuning virtual synchronous machine:a control strategy for energy storage systems to support dynamic frequency control[J].IEEE Transac-tions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(4):833-840.
[15] 高桂革.模糊控制理论及其应用的发展[J].上海电机学院学报,2005,8(5):62-64,69.GAO Guige.The theoretical and applicable development of fuzzy control[J].Journal of Shanghai Dianji University,2005,8(5):62-64,69.
[16] 郑浩鑫,郑宾,殷云华,等.模糊PID数字控制器系统的仿真与设计[J].机械工程与自动化,2009(2):121-123.ZHENG Haoxin,ZHENG Bin,YIN Yunhua,et al.Simulation and design of numeral fuzzy PID controller system[J].Mechanical Engineering & Automation,2009(2):121-123.
[17] 温剑锋,陶顺,肖湘宁,等.基于出行链随机模拟的电动汽车充电需求分析[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1477-1484.WEN Jianfeng,TAO Shun,XIAO Xiangning,et al.Analysis on char-ging demand of EV based on stochastic simulation of trip chain[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1477-1484.