汽车碰撞速度分布分析及加速度峰值数字特征计算
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摘要
为给随机碰撞条件下汽车安全系统的优化提供统计学意义上的数据支持,对汽车碰撞时的速度分布和加速度峰值进行研究。先对美国国家公路交通管理局中的碰撞事故数据进行统计,基于统计学分析,借助统计软件SPSS得出碰撞速度概率密度函数;再通过LS-DYNA建立台车碰撞仿真模型,根据碰撞仿真计算的结果来建立碰撞车速与加速度峰值的回归方程;然后利用碰撞速度概率密度函数计算出加速度峰值的数字特征。结果表明:碰撞车速近似符合正态分布,车辆在车速为48. 48 km/h时发生碰撞的概率最大;利用台车碰撞仿真模型可以复现任意碰撞车速的加速度曲线,解决以往研究中加速度曲线单一的问题,而加速度峰值的数字特征可直接用于优化汽车安全设计中。
In order to provide the statistical data that can be used to improve the automobile safety design under the condition of random collision,the research and analysis of the vehicle impact velocity distribution and the acceleration peak were carried out in this paper. Based on the statistical data from the US National Highway Safety Administration,the probability density function of vehicle impact velocity was obtained by the statistical software SPSS. Then,the finite element model of trolley collision test system was built in LS-DYNA. The regression equation about impact velocity and acceleration peak is obtained with the analysis of simulation results. Finally, the numerical characteristics of acceleration peak are calculated by using the probability density function of vehicle impact velocity already obtained. The results show that the vehicle impact velocity is almost subject to normal distributing and there is the biggest possibility of a crash occurring when the vehicle speed is close to 48. 48 km/h. The problem that the acceleration curve is single in the previous researches is solved because the acceleration curve at arbitrary initial velocity is obtained on the finite element model of trolley collision test system. The numerical characteristics of acceleration peak are directly used to improve the automobile safety design.
In order to provide the statistical data that can be used to improve the automobile safety design under the condition of random collision,the research and analysis of the vehicle impact velocity distribution and the acceleration peak were carried out in this paper. Based on the statistical data from the US National Highway Safety Administration,the probability density function of vehicle impact velocity was obtained by the statistical software SPSS. Then,the finite element model of trolley collision test system was built in LS-DYNA. The regression equation about impact velocity and acceleration peak is obtained with the analysis of simulation results. Finally, the numerical characteristics of acceleration peak are calculated by using the probability density function of vehicle impact velocity already obtained. The results show that the vehicle impact velocity is almost subject to normal distributing and there is the biggest possibility of a crash occurring when the vehicle speed is close to 48. 48 km/h. The problem that the acceleration curve is single in the previous researches is solved because the acceleration curve at arbitrary initial velocity is obtained on the finite element model of trolley collision test system. The numerical characteristics of acceleration peak are directly used to improve the automobile safety design.
引文
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[2]陈贺.中国交通事故死亡状况及酒驾处罚对交通事故死亡率的影响[D].北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2017.
[3]黄靖.汽车碰撞过程中加速度特征对乘员损伤的影响分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.
[4] CHEN Y,SUN X,ZHONG L,et al. Speed Difference and Its Impact on Traffic Safety of One Freeway in China[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2007,2038:105-110.
[5]张文会,李德才.高度公路事故路段车速空间分布于排队特性仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2013(1):158-163.
[6] MOTOZAWA Y,TSURUTA M,KAWAMURA Y,et al. A New Concept for Occupant Deceleration Control in a Crash-Part 2[Z]. Vehicle Aggressivity and Compatibility in Automotive Crashes 2000-SP-1525. 2000.
[7]曹世理.高速公路限速区车速协调性与交通安全关系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.
[8]黄靖,王健.汽车碰撞过程中加速度特征对乘员损伤的影响分析[J].汽车科技,2010(1):30-34.
[9]李旺.轿车正面碰撞安全仿真及其车身结构耐撞性研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2015.
[10]郑炳杰.汽车正面碰撞仿真分析及车身前部吸能部件的优化[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.
[11]朱西产.汽车正面碰撞试验法规及其发展趋势的分析[J].汽车工程,2002,24(1):1-5.
[12]李仲兴,沈健,陆颖,等.基于比功率的车辆事故自动呼救系统触发算法研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(26):84-88.