中国工业资源环境效率空间演化特征及影响因素
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摘要
利用混合方向性距离函数构建工业资源和环境效率评价模型,并基于空间效应构建工业资源和环境效率影响因素分析模型,分析了2006年和2015年中国工业资源和环境效率的空间演化特征,剖析了工业资源和环境效率的影响因素及其作用机制。研究表明:(1)中国工业资源效率总体较低且多年来有所下降,空间分异由"均衡分布"向"西高东低"转化,资源效率在空间上具有正相关性,且空间相关性有所提升。(2)中国工业环境效率总体偏低且多年来略有下降,空间分异总体呈"H"型格局,环境效率具有显著的空间正相关性。(3)工业化水平和环境规制与资源效率呈显著负相关;对外开放与资源效率呈显著正相关,但作用逐渐变得不显著;劳动生产水平与资源效率显著正相关。(4)对外开放与环境效率显著正相关,但作用逐渐变得不显著;环境规制与环境效率提升呈显著负相关,但这种负向作用逐渐不显著;劳动生产水平与环境效率显著正相关;工业企业尤其是大中型企业数量的增多与环境效率显著负相关。
In this paper, we construct the evaluation index system of industrial resource efficiency and environmental efficiency by using the hybrid directional distance function model, build an influencing factors model of industrial resource and environmental efficiency based on spatial effect to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of industrial resource and environmental efficiency in China(Hongkong Macau and Taiwan are excluded) in 2006 and 2015. The results show that: 1) Industrial resource efficiency is generally low and has decreased for many years. The spatial differentiation is transformed from‘balanced distribution'to‘west high east low', and the resource efficiency has positive spatial correlation and the degree of correlation has been improved. 2) Industrial environmental efficiency is generally low and has a slight decline for many years, the spatial differentiation shows an‘H'pattern in general, and the positive spatial correlation effect of environmental efficiency is significant. 3) Industrialization level and environmental regulation are negatively correlated with resource efficiency; opening to the outside world has a positive correlation with the resource efficiency, but the effect becomes not significant gradually; there is a significant positive correlation between production level and resource efficiency. 4) Opening to the outside world has a significant positive correlation with environmental efficiency, but the effect gradually becomes not significant; environmental regulation has a significant negative correlation with environmental efficiency, the effect becomes gradually not significant; the production level has a significant positive correlation with environmental efficiency, and the increase in the number of industrial enterprises, especially large and medium-sized enterprises, has a significantly negative correlation with the environmental efficiency.
In this paper, we construct the evaluation index system of industrial resource efficiency and environmental efficiency by using the hybrid directional distance function model, build an influencing factors model of industrial resource and environmental efficiency based on spatial effect to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of industrial resource and environmental efficiency in China(Hongkong Macau and Taiwan are excluded) in 2006 and 2015. The results show that: 1) Industrial resource efficiency is generally low and has decreased for many years. The spatial differentiation is transformed from‘balanced distribution'to‘west high east low', and the resource efficiency has positive spatial correlation and the degree of correlation has been improved. 2) Industrial environmental efficiency is generally low and has a slight decline for many years, the spatial differentiation shows an‘H'pattern in general, and the positive spatial correlation effect of environmental efficiency is significant. 3) Industrialization level and environmental regulation are negatively correlated with resource efficiency; opening to the outside world has a positive correlation with the resource efficiency, but the effect becomes not significant gradually; there is a significant positive correlation between production level and resource efficiency. 4) Opening to the outside world has a significant positive correlation with environmental efficiency, but the effect gradually becomes not significant; environmental regulation has a significant negative correlation with environmental efficiency, the effect becomes gradually not significant; the production level has a significant positive correlation with environmental efficiency, and the increase in the number of industrial enterprises, especially large and medium-sized enterprises, has a significantly negative correlation with the environmental efficiency.
引文
[1]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2007, 2016.[National Bureau of Statistics of China. China urban statistical yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2007,2016.]
[2] Schaltegger S, Sturm A. Okologische rationalitatan-satzpunktezur ausgestalung von okologieorientierten management instrumenten[J]. Die Untemehmung, 1990(4):273-290.
[3] World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Eco-efficiency:Leadership for improved economic and environmental performance[R]. Geneva:WBCSD,1996.
[4]许旭,金凤君,刘鹤.产业发展的资源环境效率研究进展[J].地理科学进展, 2010, 29(12):1509-1517.[Xu Xu, Jin Fengjun,Liu He. Research progress on the resource and environment efficiency of industrial development. Progress in Geography,2010, 29(12):1509-1517.]
[5]任宇飞,方创琳,蔺雪芹.中国东部沿海地区四大城市群生态效率评价[J].地理学报, 2017, 72(11):2047-2063.[Ren Yufei,Fang Chuanglin, Lin Xueqin. Evaluation of eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in Eastern Coastal Area of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(11):2047-2063.]
[6]袁荷,仇方道,朱传耿,等.江苏省工业环境效率时空格局及影响因素[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(5):112-118.[Yuan He, Qiu Fangdao, Zhu Chuangeng et al. Spatial-temporal changes and influencing factors of industrial environmental efficiency in Jiangsu Province. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2017,33(5):112-118.]
[7] Oggioni G, Riccardi R, Toninelli R. Eco-efficiency of the world cement industry:A data envelopment analysis[J]. Energy Policy, 2011,39(5):2842-2854.
[8] Huang Jianhuan, Yang Xiaoguang, Cheng Gang et al. A comprehensive eco-efficiency model and dynamics of regional eco-efficiency in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, 67:228-238.
[9] Lin X Q, Wang D, Si Y F. Spatially differentiated features of coal resource utilization efficiency in China[J]. Energy&Environment, 2015, 12:1031-1040.
[10]张瑞华,刘莉,李维华,等.基于数据包络分析的我国31个省市医疗卫生服务效率评价[J].中国卫生经济, 2011, 30(2):69-72.[Zhang Ruihua, Liu Li, Li Weihua et al. Evaluating efficiency of health services of 31 provinces and cities in China based on DEA model. Chinese Health Economics, 2011, 30(2):69-72.]
[11]曹芳东,黄震方,余凤龙,等.国家级风景名胜区旅游效率空间格局动态演化及其驱动机制[J].地理研究, 2014, 33(6):1151-1166.[Cao Fangdong, Huang Zhenfang, Yu Fenglong et al. The spatial evolution of travel efficiency of China’s national scenic areas and its driving mechanism. Geographical Research. 2014, 33(6):1151-1166.]
[12] Lee T, Yeo G, Thai V V. Environmental efficiency analysis of port cities:Slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis approach[J]. Transport Policy, 2014, 33(4):82-88.
[13]杨青山,张郁,李雅军.基于DEA的东北地区城市群环境效率评价[J].经济地理, 2012, 32(9):51-55+60.[Yang Qingshan,Zhang Yu, Li Yajun. Research on environmental efficiency evaluation of urban agglomerations in Northeast China based on DEA. Economic Geography, 2012, 32(9):51-55+60.]
[14]陈磊,吴继贵,王应明.基于空间视角的水资源经济环境效率评价[J].地理科学, 2015, 35(12):1568-1574.[Chen Lei, Wu Jigui, Wang Yingming. Efficiency evaluation of water resource-economic-environment system based on spatial perspective. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(12):1568-1574.]
[15]杨海泉,胡毅,王秋香. 2001-2012年中国三大城市群土地利用效率评价研究[J].地理科学, 2015, 35(9):1095-1100.[Yang Haiquan, Hu Yi, Wang Qiuxiang. Evaluation of land use efficiency in three major urban agglomerations of China in 2001-2012.Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(9):1095-1100.]
[16]陈黎明,王文平,王斌.“两横三纵”城市化地区的经济效率、环境效率和生态效率——基于混合方向性距离函数和合图法的实证分析[J].中国软科学, 2015, 2:96-109.[Chen Liming,Wang Wenping, Wang Bin. Economic efficiency, environmental efficiency and eco-efficiency of the so-called two vertical and three horizontal urbanization areas:Empirical analysis based on HDDF and Co-Plot method. China Soft Science,2015, 2:96-109.]
[17]杨皓然,吴群.碳排放视角下的江苏省土地利用转型生态效率研究——基于混合方向性距离函数[J].自然资源学报, 2017,32(10):1718-1730.[Yang Haoran, Wu qun. Study on the eco-efficiency of land use transformation in Jiangsu province from the perspective of carbon rmission—Based on the mixed directional distance function. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017, 32(10):1718-1730.]
[18] Picazo-Tadeo A J, Beltrán-Esteve M, Gómez-Limón J A. Assessing eco-efficiency with directional distance functions[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 220:798-809.
[19] Zhou P, Ang B W, Wang H. Energy and CO2emission performance in electricity generation:A non-radial directional distance function approach[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 221:625-635.
[20]成刚.数据包络分析方法与MaxDEA软件[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2014.[Cheng Gang. Maxdea software and data envelopment analysis method. Beijing:Intellectual Property Press, 2014.]
[21]蔺雪芹,王岱.中国城市空气质量时空演化特征及社会经济驱动力[J].地理学报, 2016, 71(8):1357-1371.[Lin Xueqin,Wang Dai. Spatio-temporal variations and socio-economic driving forces of air quality in Chinese cities. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(8):1357-1371.]
[22]郭四代,仝梦,郭杰,等.基于三阶段DEA模型的省际真实环境效率测度与影响因素分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2018, 28(3):106-116.[Guo Sidai, Tong Meng, Guo Jie et al. Measurement and influencing factors of inter-provincial real environmental efficiency based on three-stage DEA model. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2018, 28(3):106-116.]
[23]汪克亮,刘悦,史利娟,等.长江经济带工业绿色水资源效率的时空分异与影响因素——基于EBM-Tobit模型的两阶段分析[J].资源科学, 2017, 39(8):1522-1534.[Wang Keliang, Liu Yue, Shi Lijuan et al. Yangtze river economic zone spatial and temporal disparities in industrial green water resource efficiency and influencing factors based on two-step analysis of EBM-Tobit model. Resources Science, 2017, 39(8):1522-1534.]
[24]俞雅乖,刘玲燕.中国水资源效率的区域差异及影响因素分析[J].经济地理, 2017, 37(7):12-19.[Yu Yaguai, Liu Lingyan.Regional differences and influence factors of water resource efficiency in China:Based on super efficiency DEA-Tobit. Economic Geography, 2017, 37(7):12-19.]
[25]徐梅.我国大中型工业企业绿色技术创新效率及其影响因素研究[D].合肥:安徽财经大学, 2017.[Xu Mei. Research on the efficiency of green technology innovation and its influencing factors in large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in China. Anhui:Anhui University of Finance&Economics,2017.]
[26] Fang C L, Guan X L, Lu S et al. Input-output efficiency of urban agglomerations in China:An application of Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)[J]. Urban Studies, 2013, 50(13):2766-2790.
[27] Zhang X P, Li Y F, Wu W J. Evaluation of urban resource and environmental efficiency in China based on the DEA Model[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2014, 5(1):11-19.
[28] International Energy Agency. CO2emissions from fuel combustion 2013[EB/OL]. Paris:IEA. https://doi.org/10.1787/co2_fuel-2013-en.
[29] International Energy Agency. CO2emissions from fuel combustion 2017[EB/OL]. Paris:OECD Publishing.https://doi.org/10.1787/co2_fuel-2017-en.
[30]李媛芳,张晓平.中国城市居民生活用电碳排放差异及时空演变[J].热带地理, 2015, 35(2):250-257.[Li Yuanfang, Zhang Xiaoping. Regional disparities and spatial-temporal evolution of carbon emissions of domestic electricity consumption in urban China. Tropical Geography, 2015, 35(2):250-257.]
[31]国家统计局.中国区域经济统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2007.[National Bureau of Statistics of China. China statistical yearbook for regional economy. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2007.]
[32]住房和城乡建设部综合财务司.中国城市建设统计年鉴[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.[Department of integrated finance, Ministry of housing and urban-rural development, P.R. China. China urban construction statistical yearbook. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2007.]
[33]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中国城市建设统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2016.[Ministry of housing and urban-rural development, P. R. China. China urban construction statistical yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2016.]
[2] Schaltegger S, Sturm A. Okologische rationalitatan-satzpunktezur ausgestalung von okologieorientierten management instrumenten[J]. Die Untemehmung, 1990(4):273-290.
[3] World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Eco-efficiency:Leadership for improved economic and environmental performance[R]. Geneva:WBCSD,1996.
[4]许旭,金凤君,刘鹤.产业发展的资源环境效率研究进展[J].地理科学进展, 2010, 29(12):1509-1517.[Xu Xu, Jin Fengjun,Liu He. Research progress on the resource and environment efficiency of industrial development. Progress in Geography,2010, 29(12):1509-1517.]
[5]任宇飞,方创琳,蔺雪芹.中国东部沿海地区四大城市群生态效率评价[J].地理学报, 2017, 72(11):2047-2063.[Ren Yufei,Fang Chuanglin, Lin Xueqin. Evaluation of eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in Eastern Coastal Area of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(11):2047-2063.]
[6]袁荷,仇方道,朱传耿,等.江苏省工业环境效率时空格局及影响因素[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(5):112-118.[Yuan He, Qiu Fangdao, Zhu Chuangeng et al. Spatial-temporal changes and influencing factors of industrial environmental efficiency in Jiangsu Province. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2017,33(5):112-118.]
[7] Oggioni G, Riccardi R, Toninelli R. Eco-efficiency of the world cement industry:A data envelopment analysis[J]. Energy Policy, 2011,39(5):2842-2854.
[8] Huang Jianhuan, Yang Xiaoguang, Cheng Gang et al. A comprehensive eco-efficiency model and dynamics of regional eco-efficiency in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, 67:228-238.
[9] Lin X Q, Wang D, Si Y F. Spatially differentiated features of coal resource utilization efficiency in China[J]. Energy&Environment, 2015, 12:1031-1040.
[10]张瑞华,刘莉,李维华,等.基于数据包络分析的我国31个省市医疗卫生服务效率评价[J].中国卫生经济, 2011, 30(2):69-72.[Zhang Ruihua, Liu Li, Li Weihua et al. Evaluating efficiency of health services of 31 provinces and cities in China based on DEA model. Chinese Health Economics, 2011, 30(2):69-72.]
[11]曹芳东,黄震方,余凤龙,等.国家级风景名胜区旅游效率空间格局动态演化及其驱动机制[J].地理研究, 2014, 33(6):1151-1166.[Cao Fangdong, Huang Zhenfang, Yu Fenglong et al. The spatial evolution of travel efficiency of China’s national scenic areas and its driving mechanism. Geographical Research. 2014, 33(6):1151-1166.]
[12] Lee T, Yeo G, Thai V V. Environmental efficiency analysis of port cities:Slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis approach[J]. Transport Policy, 2014, 33(4):82-88.
[13]杨青山,张郁,李雅军.基于DEA的东北地区城市群环境效率评价[J].经济地理, 2012, 32(9):51-55+60.[Yang Qingshan,Zhang Yu, Li Yajun. Research on environmental efficiency evaluation of urban agglomerations in Northeast China based on DEA. Economic Geography, 2012, 32(9):51-55+60.]
[14]陈磊,吴继贵,王应明.基于空间视角的水资源经济环境效率评价[J].地理科学, 2015, 35(12):1568-1574.[Chen Lei, Wu Jigui, Wang Yingming. Efficiency evaluation of water resource-economic-environment system based on spatial perspective. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(12):1568-1574.]
[15]杨海泉,胡毅,王秋香. 2001-2012年中国三大城市群土地利用效率评价研究[J].地理科学, 2015, 35(9):1095-1100.[Yang Haiquan, Hu Yi, Wang Qiuxiang. Evaluation of land use efficiency in three major urban agglomerations of China in 2001-2012.Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(9):1095-1100.]
[16]陈黎明,王文平,王斌.“两横三纵”城市化地区的经济效率、环境效率和生态效率——基于混合方向性距离函数和合图法的实证分析[J].中国软科学, 2015, 2:96-109.[Chen Liming,Wang Wenping, Wang Bin. Economic efficiency, environmental efficiency and eco-efficiency of the so-called two vertical and three horizontal urbanization areas:Empirical analysis based on HDDF and Co-Plot method. China Soft Science,2015, 2:96-109.]
[17]杨皓然,吴群.碳排放视角下的江苏省土地利用转型生态效率研究——基于混合方向性距离函数[J].自然资源学报, 2017,32(10):1718-1730.[Yang Haoran, Wu qun. Study on the eco-efficiency of land use transformation in Jiangsu province from the perspective of carbon rmission—Based on the mixed directional distance function. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017, 32(10):1718-1730.]
[18] Picazo-Tadeo A J, Beltrán-Esteve M, Gómez-Limón J A. Assessing eco-efficiency with directional distance functions[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 220:798-809.
[19] Zhou P, Ang B W, Wang H. Energy and CO2emission performance in electricity generation:A non-radial directional distance function approach[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 221:625-635.
[20]成刚.数据包络分析方法与MaxDEA软件[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2014.[Cheng Gang. Maxdea software and data envelopment analysis method. Beijing:Intellectual Property Press, 2014.]
[21]蔺雪芹,王岱.中国城市空气质量时空演化特征及社会经济驱动力[J].地理学报, 2016, 71(8):1357-1371.[Lin Xueqin,Wang Dai. Spatio-temporal variations and socio-economic driving forces of air quality in Chinese cities. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(8):1357-1371.]
[22]郭四代,仝梦,郭杰,等.基于三阶段DEA模型的省际真实环境效率测度与影响因素分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2018, 28(3):106-116.[Guo Sidai, Tong Meng, Guo Jie et al. Measurement and influencing factors of inter-provincial real environmental efficiency based on three-stage DEA model. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2018, 28(3):106-116.]
[23]汪克亮,刘悦,史利娟,等.长江经济带工业绿色水资源效率的时空分异与影响因素——基于EBM-Tobit模型的两阶段分析[J].资源科学, 2017, 39(8):1522-1534.[Wang Keliang, Liu Yue, Shi Lijuan et al. Yangtze river economic zone spatial and temporal disparities in industrial green water resource efficiency and influencing factors based on two-step analysis of EBM-Tobit model. Resources Science, 2017, 39(8):1522-1534.]
[24]俞雅乖,刘玲燕.中国水资源效率的区域差异及影响因素分析[J].经济地理, 2017, 37(7):12-19.[Yu Yaguai, Liu Lingyan.Regional differences and influence factors of water resource efficiency in China:Based on super efficiency DEA-Tobit. Economic Geography, 2017, 37(7):12-19.]
[25]徐梅.我国大中型工业企业绿色技术创新效率及其影响因素研究[D].合肥:安徽财经大学, 2017.[Xu Mei. Research on the efficiency of green technology innovation and its influencing factors in large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in China. Anhui:Anhui University of Finance&Economics,2017.]
[26] Fang C L, Guan X L, Lu S et al. Input-output efficiency of urban agglomerations in China:An application of Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)[J]. Urban Studies, 2013, 50(13):2766-2790.
[27] Zhang X P, Li Y F, Wu W J. Evaluation of urban resource and environmental efficiency in China based on the DEA Model[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2014, 5(1):11-19.
[28] International Energy Agency. CO2emissions from fuel combustion 2013[EB/OL]. Paris:IEA. https://doi.org/10.1787/co2_fuel-2013-en.
[29] International Energy Agency. CO2emissions from fuel combustion 2017[EB/OL]. Paris:OECD Publishing.https://doi.org/10.1787/co2_fuel-2017-en.
[30]李媛芳,张晓平.中国城市居民生活用电碳排放差异及时空演变[J].热带地理, 2015, 35(2):250-257.[Li Yuanfang, Zhang Xiaoping. Regional disparities and spatial-temporal evolution of carbon emissions of domestic electricity consumption in urban China. Tropical Geography, 2015, 35(2):250-257.]
[31]国家统计局.中国区域经济统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2007.[National Bureau of Statistics of China. China statistical yearbook for regional economy. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2007.]
[32]住房和城乡建设部综合财务司.中国城市建设统计年鉴[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.[Department of integrated finance, Ministry of housing and urban-rural development, P.R. China. China urban construction statistical yearbook. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press, 2007.]
[33]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.中国城市建设统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2016.[Ministry of housing and urban-rural development, P. R. China. China urban construction statistical yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2016.]