秦王川灌区种植披碱草和小麦对耕地盐碱的影响
|
摘要
实验以小麦(Triticum aestivum)和披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.)及其下部土壤为研究对象,通过测定植被的盖度、高度、地上生物量及其下部土壤的水、盐含量等指标,探究了秦王川灌区种植小麦和披碱草对耕地盐碱的影响差异。结果表明:当耕地种植小麦和披碱草后,其地表光照强度、温度和土壤表层(0~5cm)盐含量均显著低于裸地,而地表湿度和土壤表层含水率正好相反,均显著高于裸地(p<0.05)。小麦收获前,种植小麦和披碱草耕地表层盐含量较裸地分别降低近57%和42%;秋末,种植披碱草耕地表层的盐分依然较裸地降低近44%,而原种植小麦地的土壤表层盐含量却较裸地升高了18%。综合以上,秦王川灌区种植春小麦因生育期较短易引发土壤盐碱危害,而种植披碱草可全年覆盖耕地地表,从而可降低耕地发生次生盐渍化的风险。
To explore effects of planting Triticum aestivum and ElymusdahuricusTurcz on salinization of cultivated land in Qinwangchuan irrigated region,Triticum aestivum,ElymusdahuricusTurcz and soil below-groundwere regarded as research objects in experiment.Analysis of soil moisture and salt was donethrough measuring coverage,height,above-ground biomass of vegetation and moisture and salt content of soil.Results showed that compared with the bare land,the surface sunshine intensity,temperature and salt content of surface soil(0-5 cm)under vegetation coverage showed significant decrease,while ground humidity and soil moisture content were significantly increased(p<0.05).Before wheat harvest,the topsoil salinity of planting wheat and Elymusdahuricuswere nearly 57%and 42%lower than that of bare land.When autumn came,the surface salt of Elymusdahuricus field is nearly 44%lower than that of bare ground while the surface salinity of wheat field was nearly 18% higher than that of bare land.Obviously,planting spring wheat in Qinwangchuan irrigated regions of Northwest China would cause soil secondary salinization,while planting ElymusdahuricusTurcz may weaken hazard of soil secondary salinization.
To explore effects of planting Triticum aestivum and ElymusdahuricusTurcz on salinization of cultivated land in Qinwangchuan irrigated region,Triticum aestivum,ElymusdahuricusTurcz and soil below-groundwere regarded as research objects in experiment.Analysis of soil moisture and salt was donethrough measuring coverage,height,above-ground biomass of vegetation and moisture and salt content of soil.Results showed that compared with the bare land,the surface sunshine intensity,temperature and salt content of surface soil(0-5 cm)under vegetation coverage showed significant decrease,while ground humidity and soil moisture content were significantly increased(p<0.05).Before wheat harvest,the topsoil salinity of planting wheat and Elymusdahuricuswere nearly 57%and 42%lower than that of bare land.When autumn came,the surface salt of Elymusdahuricus field is nearly 44%lower than that of bare ground while the surface salinity of wheat field was nearly 18% higher than that of bare land.Obviously,planting spring wheat in Qinwangchuan irrigated regions of Northwest China would cause soil secondary salinization,while planting ElymusdahuricusTurcz may weaken hazard of soil secondary salinization.
引文
[1]管孝艳,王少丽,高占义,等.盐渍化灌区土壤盐分的时空变异特征及其与地下水埋深的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1202~1210.
[2]杨思存,车宗贤,王成宝,等.甘肃沿黄灌区土壤盐渍化特征及其成因[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(1):57~64.
[3]王少丽,高占义,郭庭天.灌区土壤盐渍化发展模拟预测与对策研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2006,25(1):71~76.
[4]赵可夫,范海,江行玉.盐生植物在盐渍土壤改良中的作用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(1):31~35.
[5]蔺海明,贾恢先,张有福,等.毛苕子对次生盐碱地抑盐效应的研究[J].草业学报,2003,12(4):58~62.
[6]彭红春,李海英,沈振西.利用人工种草改良柴达木盆地弃耕盐碱地[J].草业学报,2003,12(5):26~30.
[7]李昂,吴应珍,马明广,等.西北地区种植甘草对土壤次生盐渍化的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):47~52.
[8]王文,魏爱兰.甘肃”引大”灌区农业结构调整与草业发展[J].草业科学,2006,23(2):61~66.
[9]张世彪,李松,牛珂平,等.甘肃秦王川灌区农业节水途径探讨[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(1):270~275.
[10]王文焰,王全九,张建丰,等.甘肃秦王川地区土壤水分运动参数及相关性[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(3):110~113.
[11]缑倩倩,韩致文,屈建军,等.秦王川灌区农田土壤盐分离子特征分析[J].土壤,2014,46(1):100~106.
[12]Ang L,Kechang N,Guozhen D.Resource availability,species composition and sown density effects on productivity of experimental plant communities[J].Plant Soil,2011,344(1):177~186.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:178~188.
[14]李昂,张鸣,陈映全,等.西北风蚀区种植甘草对农田土壤质地及碳、氮含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):286~290(296).
[15]李发明,朱淑娟,王耀林,等.引黄灌区种植苜蓿对盐渍化土地理化性状的影响—以景泰县红跃村为例[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(4):104~108.
[16]张浩,李志华,何蛟涛,等.干旱区盐渍土形成和水盐运移机理[J].生物学通报,2011,46(4):10~12.
[17]李昂,吕正文,蔺海明,等.秦王川灌区不同绿色覆盖方式预防土壤次生盐渍化效应研究[J].草业科学,2008,25(10):20~24.
[18]李昂.生物措施防治土壤盐渍化的机理及研究进展[J].甘肃高师学报,2013,18(2):56~59.
[19]魏晓斌,王志峰,于洪柱,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对盐碱地土壤肥力的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(10):1502~1507.
[2]杨思存,车宗贤,王成宝,等.甘肃沿黄灌区土壤盐渍化特征及其成因[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(1):57~64.
[3]王少丽,高占义,郭庭天.灌区土壤盐渍化发展模拟预测与对策研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2006,25(1):71~76.
[4]赵可夫,范海,江行玉.盐生植物在盐渍土壤改良中的作用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(1):31~35.
[5]蔺海明,贾恢先,张有福,等.毛苕子对次生盐碱地抑盐效应的研究[J].草业学报,2003,12(4):58~62.
[6]彭红春,李海英,沈振西.利用人工种草改良柴达木盆地弃耕盐碱地[J].草业学报,2003,12(5):26~30.
[7]李昂,吴应珍,马明广,等.西北地区种植甘草对土壤次生盐渍化的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):47~52.
[8]王文,魏爱兰.甘肃”引大”灌区农业结构调整与草业发展[J].草业科学,2006,23(2):61~66.
[9]张世彪,李松,牛珂平,等.甘肃秦王川灌区农业节水途径探讨[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(1):270~275.
[10]王文焰,王全九,张建丰,等.甘肃秦王川地区土壤水分运动参数及相关性[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(3):110~113.
[11]缑倩倩,韩致文,屈建军,等.秦王川灌区农田土壤盐分离子特征分析[J].土壤,2014,46(1):100~106.
[12]Ang L,Kechang N,Guozhen D.Resource availability,species composition and sown density effects on productivity of experimental plant communities[J].Plant Soil,2011,344(1):177~186.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007:178~188.
[14]李昂,张鸣,陈映全,等.西北风蚀区种植甘草对农田土壤质地及碳、氮含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):286~290(296).
[15]李发明,朱淑娟,王耀林,等.引黄灌区种植苜蓿对盐渍化土地理化性状的影响—以景泰县红跃村为例[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(4):104~108.
[16]张浩,李志华,何蛟涛,等.干旱区盐渍土形成和水盐运移机理[J].生物学通报,2011,46(4):10~12.
[17]李昂,吕正文,蔺海明,等.秦王川灌区不同绿色覆盖方式预防土壤次生盐渍化效应研究[J].草业科学,2008,25(10):20~24.
[18]李昂.生物措施防治土壤盐渍化的机理及研究进展[J].甘肃高师学报,2013,18(2):56~59.
[19]魏晓斌,王志峰,于洪柱,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对盐碱地土壤肥力的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(10):1502~1507.