2017年与2014年西安极端高温天气及其环流特征对比分析
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摘要
借助观测资料与FNL全球分析资料,对比研究2017年与2014年西安高温天气基本特征与有利环流形势,结果表明:(1) 2 a西安均发生了40℃以上的长时间持续高温天气,其中2014年属于常规高温年份,而2017年西安高温则提前1个月发生,高温的提前发生主要是因为南亚高压强于正常年份同期强度;(2)不同于我国南方地区的闷湿高温,西安高温属于干性高温,且昼夜温差较小,由此造成24 h对人体的不适;(3)详细描述了西安高温发生的典型环流特征,即南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)同时增强,并在对流层中高层相互贯通;(4)南亚高压是影响我国西北地区的主要热源基地,在较大经向度的有利环流背景下,强风速可将热气团向南向东深度输送至下游地区(即西安);(5)在"上辐合、下辐散"的散度场配置下,西安500 hP a以下高空维持明显的下沉气流,加之有利的局部要素相配合,最终造成该地区高温天气的发生。
A comparative study on the basic features and causes of high temperature in Xi'an during the period from 2017 to 2014 was carried out based on the observed and analyzed data from the meteorological station and the National Center for Environmental Prediction. The main results were as follows:(1) High temperature occurred with a conventional modal in Xi'an in 2014. However,high temperature occurred one month in advance( unconventional)in 2017,and this was mainly because that the South Asia High( SH) was stronger than that in the same period in conventional years;(2) It was dry high temperature in Xi'an and different from the muggy high temperature in south China. Moreover,the diurnal-nocturnal temperature variation was low;(3) The typical circulation features related to the high temperature in Xi'an were described in detail,including mainly the simultaneously enhanced SH and Western Pacific Subtropical High( WH);(4) SH was an important heat source affecting northwest China according to this study. Under the favorable conditions of deeply meridional circulation,heat air was transported southeastward to the downstream region( e. g. Xi'an) by strong wind;(5) With the configuration of up-convergence and down-divergence,sinking airflow was clearly found under the 500 hPa level,and other meteorological factors were also favorable for the occurrence of high temperature in Xi'an.
A comparative study on the basic features and causes of high temperature in Xi'an during the period from 2017 to 2014 was carried out based on the observed and analyzed data from the meteorological station and the National Center for Environmental Prediction. The main results were as follows:(1) High temperature occurred with a conventional modal in Xi'an in 2014. However,high temperature occurred one month in advance( unconventional)in 2017,and this was mainly because that the South Asia High( SH) was stronger than that in the same period in conventional years;(2) It was dry high temperature in Xi'an and different from the muggy high temperature in south China. Moreover,the diurnal-nocturnal temperature variation was low;(3) The typical circulation features related to the high temperature in Xi'an were described in detail,including mainly the simultaneously enhanced SH and Western Pacific Subtropical High( WH);(4) SH was an important heat source affecting northwest China according to this study. Under the favorable conditions of deeply meridional circulation,heat air was transported southeastward to the downstream region( e. g. Xi'an) by strong wind;(5) With the configuration of up-convergence and down-divergence,sinking airflow was clearly found under the 500 hPa level,and other meteorological factors were also favorable for the occurrence of high temperature in Xi'an.
引文
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[8]杨莲梅,关学锋,张迎新.亚洲中部干旱区降水异常的大气环流特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):249-259.[Yang Lianmei,Guan Xuefeng,Zhang Yingxin.Atmospheric circulation characteristics of precipitation anomaly in arid regions in Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):249-259.]
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[13]杨建玲,冯建民,闫军,等.宁夏高温气候特征及其大气环流异常分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1 417-1 425.[Yang Jianling,Feng Jianmin,Yan Jun,et al.Analysis of high temperature climatic characteristics in Ningxia and atmospheric circulation anomaly[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(5):1 417-1 425.]
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[17]林建,毕宝贵,何金海.2003年7月西太平洋副热带高压变异及中国南方高温形成机理研究[J].大气科学,2005,29(4):594-599.[Lin Jian,Bi Baogui,He Jinhai.Physical mechanism responsible for Western Pacific subtropical high variation and hot wave in Southern China in July 2003[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2005,29(4):594-599.]
[18]陶诗言,朱福康.夏季亚洲南部100毫巴流型的变化及其与西太平洋副热带高压进退的关系[J].气象学报,1964,34(4):385-396.[Tao Shiyan,Zhu Fukang.The 100 mb flow patterns in Southern Asia in summer and its relation to the advance and retreat of the Western Pacific subtropical anticyclone over the far east[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1964,34(4):385-396.]
[19]黄荣辉,孙凤英.热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响[J].大气科学,1994,18(2):141-151.[Huang Ronghui,Sun Fengying.Impacts of the thermal state and the convective activities in the tropical western warm pool on the summer climate anomalied in East Asia[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1994,18(2):141-151.]
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[21]李博,王楠,姜明,等.陕西一类“东高西低型”暴雨的基本特征[J].高原气象,2018,37(4):981-994.[Li Bo,Wang Nan,Jiang Ming,et al.The features of a type of west-low and east-high heavy rainfall in Shaanxi Province[J].Plateau Meteorology,2018,37(4):981-994.]
[22]于芳健,余克勤,李璇,等.朝阳高温天气时空变化特征研究[J].农业灾害研究,2017(7):56-57.[Yu Fangjian,Yu Keqin,Li Xuan,et al.Research on temporal and spatial variation characteristics of high temperature weather in Chaoyang[J].Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology,2017(7):56-57.]
[23]吴金栋,王石立,张建敏.未来气候变化对中国东北地区水热条件影响的数值模拟研究[J].资源科学,2000,22(6):36-42.[Wu Jindong,Wang Shili,Zhang Jianmin.A numerical simulation of the impacts of climate change on water and thermal resources in Northeast China[J].Resources Science,2000,22(6):36-42.]
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