一种兆伏级低能加速器端电压的校准方法
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摘要
受设备使用年限、工作环境和零部件更换等因素影响,兆伏(MV)级低能加速器端电压需要通过较准保证经端电压加速决定的出射离子的能量。本方案以2×1.7 MV串列加速器为例,利用12C(p, p)12C材料非卢瑟福背散射谱在1 750 keV能量点附近出现一个孤立的质子共振散射单峰的特点,采用质子(proton, p)束流垂直入射到高纯石墨靶获得12C(p,p)12C的非卢瑟福背散射谱,结合多道分析器(MultichannelAnalyzer,MCA)和SIMNRA6.05拟合程序,定量测量到入射质子束在石墨靶表面发生共振散射的能量阈值为(1 744±2) keV,从而外推出此时加速器端电压的实际值,并对校准结果进行了误差分析。这为MV级低能静电型范德格拉夫加速器(Van der Graff accelerator)或串列加速器在低能区提供了一种有效的端电压较准方法。
[Background] Due to the influences from durable years, work environment and replacement parts of the dual megavolt tandem accelerator, the terminal voltage output is not accurate enough to ensure the stability of the incident ion energy depends on the terminal voltage acceleration. [Purpose] This study aims to calibrate terminal voltage output of megavolt accelerator for ion-beam materials characterization. [Methods] Taking the 2×1.7 MV accelerator as an example, the calibration method on the terminal voltage is making use of the non-Ruhterford backscattering spectrometry(Non-RBS) spectrum of 12 C(p,p)12 C, and the proton beam was irradiated vertically on the surface of high-purity graphite target, which was characterized by the scattering peak of the isolated resonance at around 1 750 ke V. [Results] Combined with multichannel analyzer(MCA) and SIMNRA 6.05 code, the threshold energy of the resonance scattering reaction between incident proton and the surface of graphite target can be detected as(1 744±2) ke V. The actual terminal voltage was extrapolated and the error after calibration also was analyzed. [Conclusion] This calibration method on the terminal voltage provides a reference for megavolt Van der Graff accelerator or tandem accelerator.
[Background] Due to the influences from durable years, work environment and replacement parts of the dual megavolt tandem accelerator, the terminal voltage output is not accurate enough to ensure the stability of the incident ion energy depends on the terminal voltage acceleration. [Purpose] This study aims to calibrate terminal voltage output of megavolt accelerator for ion-beam materials characterization. [Methods] Taking the 2×1.7 MV accelerator as an example, the calibration method on the terminal voltage is making use of the non-Ruhterford backscattering spectrometry(Non-RBS) spectrum of 12 C(p,p)12 C, and the proton beam was irradiated vertically on the surface of high-purity graphite target, which was characterized by the scattering peak of the isolated resonance at around 1 750 ke V. [Results] Combined with multichannel analyzer(MCA) and SIMNRA 6.05 code, the threshold energy of the resonance scattering reaction between incident proton and the surface of graphite target can be detected as(1 744±2) ke V. The actual terminal voltage was extrapolated and the error after calibration also was analyzed. [Conclusion] This calibration method on the terminal voltage provides a reference for megavolt Van der Graff accelerator or tandem accelerator.
引文
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15 Csedreki L,Szíki Gá,Szikszai Z,et al.Resonance parameters of the reaction 12C(d,pγ)13C in the vicinity of1450 keV for accelerator energy calibration[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2015,342:184-187.
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17王泽松.基于2×1.7 MV串列加速器的材料合成与分析研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2014.WANG Zesong.Investigation of materials synthesis and analysis based on 2×1.7 MV tandetron accelerator[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2014.
18 Bachiller-Perea D,Munoz-Martin A,Corvisiero P,et al.New energy calibration of the CMAM 5 MV tandem accelerator[J].Energy Procedia,2013,41:57-63.
19丁富荣,班勇,夏宗璜.辐射物理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.DING Furong,BAN Yong,XIA Zonghuang.Radiation physics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2004.
2赵籍九,尹兆生.粒子加速器技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.ZHAO Jijiu,YIN Zhaosheng.Particle accelerator technology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
3 Vogel J S,Turteltaub K W,Finkel R,et al.Accelerator mass spectrometry[J].Analytical Chemistry,1995,67(11):353A-359A.
4刘克新,丁杏芳,傅东坡,等.北京大学AMS 14C国际比对样品测量[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(3):469-473.LIU Kexin,DING Xingfang,FU Dongpo,et al.The AMSmeasurement of VIRI samples at Peking University[J].Quaternary Science,2007,27(3):469-473.
5何明,庞义俊,姜山.加速器质谱技术及其在环境科学中的应用[J].现代科学仪器,2016,6:23-29.HE Ming,PANG Yijun,JIANG Shan.Technology of accelerator mass spectrometry and its applications in environmental science[J].Modern Scientific Instruments,2016,6:23-29.
6 Chu W K,Mayer J W,Nicolet M A.Backscattering spectrometry[M].New York:Academic Press,1978.
7 Wang Y Q,Michael A N.Handbook of modern ion beam materials analysis[M].2nd ed.Materials Research Society,2010.
8陈佳洱.加速器物理基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.CHEN Jiaer.Accelerator physics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2012.
9王广甫.GIC4117 2×1.7 MV串列加速器的运行、改进和应用[J].现代仪器,2008,1:53-55.WANG Guangfu.The operation,improvement and application of GIC4117 2×1.7 MV tandetron accelerator[J].Morden Instruments,2008,1:53-55.
10 Marion J B.Accelerator energy calibrations[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,1961,33(2):139.
11 Scott D M,Paine B M.Accelerator energy calibration using nonresonant nuclear reactions[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,1983,218(1):154-158.
12 Cohen D,Friedman M,Paul M.Calibration of proton accelerator beam energy[J].arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.arXiv:1703.00644,2017.
13 Overley J C,Parker P D,Bromley D A.The energy calibration of tandem accelerators[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods,1969,68(1):61-69.
14 Paneta V,Kokkoris M,Lagoyannis A,et al.Accurate accelerator energy calibration using selected resonances in proton elastic scattering and in(p,γ)and(p,p′γ)reactions[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2017,406:108-111.
15 Csedreki L,Szíki Gá,Szikszai Z,et al.Resonance parameters of the reaction 12C(d,pγ)13C in the vicinity of1450 keV for accelerator energy calibration[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2015,342:184-187.
16 Colaux J L,Terwagne G,Jeynes C.On the traceably accurate voltage calibration of electrostatic accelerators[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2015,349:173-183.
17王泽松.基于2×1.7 MV串列加速器的材料合成与分析研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2014.WANG Zesong.Investigation of materials synthesis and analysis based on 2×1.7 MV tandetron accelerator[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2014.
18 Bachiller-Perea D,Munoz-Martin A,Corvisiero P,et al.New energy calibration of the CMAM 5 MV tandem accelerator[J].Energy Procedia,2013,41:57-63.
19丁富荣,班勇,夏宗璜.辐射物理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.DING Furong,BAN Yong,XIA Zonghuang.Radiation physics[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2004.