山西省农田啮齿动物多样性研究
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摘要
为了掌握山西省不同地区农田啮齿动物的多样性,探索其与环境因子的关系,本文采用笼捕法和夹捕法相结合的方法,对山西省11个市的17个县(市、区)的啮齿动物进行了研究。结果表明,临汾市隰县农田的啮齿动物捕获率(C)最高,达到14.77%,该地的啮齿动物多样性指数(H′)也最高,为1.811 1;朔州市朔城区的多样性指数最低,为0.600 1。每个变量的相关性分析结果表明,研究区纬度与农田啮齿动物的捕获率、物种丰富度指数(R)、多样性指数和均匀度指数(J′)均呈极显著负相关关系,而与优势度指数(D)呈极显著正相关,说明纬度可能是影响啮齿动物多样性的一个重要因子。
The relationships between the diversity of rodents in the farmland and environmental factors were explored in different regions of Shanxi Province, and the snap-trap and cage-trap methods were used in 17 counties(cities and districts) of 11 cities in Shanxi Province. The results showed that the rodent capture rate(C) of Xi County in Linfen City was the highest, reaching 14.77%; the rodent diversity index(H′) of Xi County was also the highest(1.811 1). In Shuocheng District of Shuozhou City, the lowest diversity index was observed(0.600 1). The correlation analysis of different variables indicated that the latitude of the study area was significantly negatively correlated with the capture rate, species richness index(R), diversity index and evenness index(J′) of farm rodents, but significantly positively correlated with the dominance index(D), indicating that latitude might be an important factor affecting the diversity of rodents.
The relationships between the diversity of rodents in the farmland and environmental factors were explored in different regions of Shanxi Province, and the snap-trap and cage-trap methods were used in 17 counties(cities and districts) of 11 cities in Shanxi Province. The results showed that the rodent capture rate(C) of Xi County in Linfen City was the highest, reaching 14.77%; the rodent diversity index(H′) of Xi County was also the highest(1.811 1). In Shuocheng District of Shuozhou City, the lowest diversity index was observed(0.600 1). The correlation analysis of different variables indicated that the latitude of the study area was significantly negatively correlated with the capture rate, species richness index(R), diversity index and evenness index(J′) of farm rodents, but significantly positively correlated with the dominance index(D), indicating that latitude might be an important factor affecting the diversity of rodents.
引文
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[14] 王劼,刘少英,冉江洪,等.森林生态系统年净初级生产力和生境复杂度对小型兽类物种多样性影响[J].兽类学报,2004,24(4):298-303.
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[19] 李义明,许龙,马勇,等.神农架自然保护区非飞行哺乳动物的物种丰富度:沿海拔梯度的分布格局[J].生物多样性,2003,11(1):1-9.
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[2] BROWN J H. Species diversity of seed-eating desert rodents in sand dune habitats [J]. Ecology, 1973, 54(4): 775-787.
[3] JETZ W, RAHBEK C. Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness [J].Science,2002,297(8):1548-1551.
[4] M’ CLOSKEY R T. Community structure in sympatric rodents[J]. Ecology, 1976, 57(4): 728-739.
[5] 佘建军,李晓晨.陕西省啮齿动物种数分布及其生物多样性的研究[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2003,14(4):269-272.
[6] MILSTEAD W B, MESERVE P L, CAMPANELLA A, et al. Spatial ecology of small mammals in north-central chile: role of precipitation and refuges [J]. Journal of Mammalogy, 2007, 88(6): 1532-1538.
[7] 徐兴军,吕建伟,谢振丽,等.寒温带牧林交错区生态复杂度对啮齿类物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):2945-2952.
[8] 杨新根,王庭林,宁振东,等.山西省农田生境复杂程度对小型啮齿动物多样性的影响[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(3):227-230.
[9] 张大铭,艾尼瓦尔,姜涛,等.准噶尔盆地啮齿动物群落多样性与物种变化的分析[J].生物多样性,1998,6(2):92-98.
[10] 武晓东,付和平.人为干扰下荒漠啮齿动物群落格局:变动趋势与敏感性反应[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):849-860.
[11] 刘思慧.横断山南麓哺乳动物物种多样性研究:滇南高原自然保护区哺乳动物物种丰富度的空间格局[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003:42-59.
[12] 覃雪波,曾朝辉.中新天津生态城夏季不同生境中啮齿动物群落与环境因子的关系[J].兽类学报,2011,31(4):380-387.
[13] 张美文,王勇,郭聪,等.洞庭平原农房家鼠的栖息格局[J].兽类学报,2003,23(2):145-152.
[14] 王劼,刘少英,冉江洪,等.森林生态系统年净初级生产力和生境复杂度对小型兽类物种多样性影响[J].兽类学报,2004,24(4):298-303.
[15] BROWN J H, MAURER B A.Body size, ecological dominance and Cope’s rule [J]. Nature, 1996, 324: 248-250.
[16] 戴昆,姚军.荒漠啮齿类共存机制[J].干旱区研究,1999,16(3):23-27.
[17] 杨月伟,刘震,刘季科.食物、捕食和种间竞争对东方田鼠种群动态的作用[J].生态学报,2009,29(12):6311-6324.
[18] 张福顺.不同干扰条件下荒漠啮齿动物种群和群落动态研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011:58-63.
[19] 李义明,许龙,马勇,等.神农架自然保护区非飞行哺乳动物的物种丰富度:沿海拔梯度的分布格局[J].生物多样性,2003,11(1):1-9.
[20] ORLAND M C, KELT D A.Responses of a heteromyid rodent community to large-and small-scale resource pulses: diversity, abundance, and home-range dynamics [J]. Journal of Mammalogy, 2007, 88(5): 1280-1287.