辽宁抚顺平山水库退役后河流浮游藻类季节动态及水质评价
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摘要
为了揭示辽宁省抚顺市平山水库退役后河道水体中藻类群落特征和水质状况,分别于2018年3、5、7和10月调查分析了该河流浮游藻类的种类构成、优势度和生物多样性指数,并测定了水体的一些理化指标。结果共记录到浮游植物藻类7门79种(属),其中以硅藻门种类最多(34%),其次是蓝藻门(32%),再次是绿藻门(18%)。3月河流中藻类有60种,是各季节中出现种类最多的。不同季节藻类丰度为1.6×10~4～2.2×10~6个/L。不同季节河流中的优势种存在明显变化,3月最占优势的是硅藻门的羽纹藻(0.108),5月最占优势的是多甲藻(0.194),7月最占优势的是微囊藻(0.334),10月则以裸藻属最占优势(0.220)。全年浮游藻类丰富度指数(D)在0.962～1.364,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)在2.063～2.971。按生物多样性指标评价,河流水体处于中-重污染水平。按照理化指标测定结果,夏秋季水质为劣V类,早春则为IV类水。污染超标的主要是总氮(TN),这与水库退役后裸露库底的农耕施肥密切相关。
The phytoplankton community, physical and chemical indicators were assessed in March, May, July and October, 2018 in order to investigate the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community and aquatic environment of the water after the Pingshan Reservoir decommissioning in Fushun, Liaoning Province. The result showed that total 79 species belonging 7 phyla were identified to be mainly composed of the Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta in the proportion of 34%, 32% and 18%, respectively. The highest species number(60 species) occurred in March among 4 time samples. The abundances of algea were between 1.6×10~4-2.2×10~6 ind./L. The most dominant species changed obviously among different seasons and they were Pinnularia sp. in March(0.108), Peridinium sp. in May(0.194), Microcystis ichthyoblable(0.334) in July and Euglena sp.(0.220) in October. The Margalef indexes were between 0.962-1.364, the Shannon-Wiener indexes were between 2.063-2.971. The water was middle to heavily polluted evaluated by the biological indexes. The water quality level belonged to bad V in summer and autumn and IV in early spring. The total nitrogen was the main excessive factor and it was caused by farming on the naked reservoir bottom after the decommissioning of Pingshan Reservoir.
The phytoplankton community, physical and chemical indicators were assessed in March, May, July and October, 2018 in order to investigate the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community and aquatic environment of the water after the Pingshan Reservoir decommissioning in Fushun, Liaoning Province. The result showed that total 79 species belonging 7 phyla were identified to be mainly composed of the Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta in the proportion of 34%, 32% and 18%, respectively. The highest species number(60 species) occurred in March among 4 time samples. The abundances of algea were between 1.6×10~4-2.2×10~6 ind./L. The most dominant species changed obviously among different seasons and they were Pinnularia sp. in March(0.108), Peridinium sp. in May(0.194), Microcystis ichthyoblable(0.334) in July and Euglena sp.(0.220) in October. The Margalef indexes were between 0.962-1.364, the Shannon-Wiener indexes were between 2.063-2.971. The water was middle to heavily polluted evaluated by the biological indexes. The water quality level belonged to bad V in summer and autumn and IV in early spring. The total nitrogen was the main excessive factor and it was caused by farming on the naked reservoir bottom after the decommissioning of Pingshan Reservoir.
引文
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[3] 《浙江省主要常见淡水藻类图集(饮用水水源)》编委会.浙江省主要常见淡水藻类图集(饮用水水源)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010.
[4] 福建省环境监测中心站.福建省大中型水库常见淡水藻类图集[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[5] 孟顺龙,陈家长,范立民,等.2007年太湖五里湖浮游植物生态学特征[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(6):845-854.
[6] LAMPITT R S,WISHNER K F,TURLEY C M,et al.Marine snow studies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean:Distribution,compositionand role as a food source for migrating plankton[J].Marine biology,1993,116(4):689-702.
[7] 马永红,曾燏,任丽萍,等.嘉陵江四川段藻类植物群落结构及水质评价[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2573-2579.
[8] 张云,马徐发,郭飞飞,等.湖北金沙河水库浮游植物群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):902-910.
[9] 王瑜,刘录三,舒俭民,等.白洋淀浮游植物群落结构与水质评价[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):575-580.
[10] 王朝晖,林秋奇,胡韧,等.广东省水库的蓝藻污染状况与水质评价[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(2):117-123.
[11] 邓建明,蔡永久,陈宗炜,等.洪湖浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(1):70-78.
[12] 杨宋琪,祖廷勋,王怀斌,等.黑河张掖段浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,2019,31(1):159-170.
[13] 孙卫红,程炜,崔云霞,等.太湖流域主要入湖河流水环境综合治理[J].中国资源综合利用,2009,27(11):39-42.