绿潮暴发对浮游动物群落结构影响研究
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摘要
本调查于2016年和2017年的5月、8月,对日照近岸海域浒苔暴发区进行了4个航次的浮游动物断面调查。4个航次中,2016年和2017年5月航次获得的种类数要明显低于同年8月航次,而平均丰度和湿重生物量均高于同年8月航次。造成这种情况的原因可能是调查海域8月浒苔暴发结束,浒苔的消亡过程会大量消耗营养盐,导致水体中营养盐含量下降,进而影响到其他浮游植物和浮游动物的生长。应用PRIMER软件中的单变量分析得到群落种数(S)、丰富度(d)、香农-威纳指数(Shannon-Weaner index)(H′)和均匀度(J),从多样性指数分析可以看出,5月航次的生物多样性均劣于同年8月航次。不同年度相同季节航次中出现的优势种极其相似,而不同季节航次出现的优势种则大不相同。
In May and August of both 2016 and 2017,four voyages cross-sectional surgery of the zooplankton were conducted in coastal waters of Rizhao City,where Enteromorpha outbroke.Among the four voyages,the numbers of types obtained in the voyages in May 2016 and 2017 were significantly lower than the voyages in August of the same year.However,the average abundance and wet weight biomass in May were higher than the August voyage in the same year.The reason was possibly related to the ending of Enteromorpha outbroke in August of the sea area surveyed.The dying process of Enteromorpha consumed a lot of nutrients which led to a decrease in nutrient content in the water and finally affected the growth of other phytoplankton and zooplankton.By using univariate analysis in the PRIMER software,the community species(S),richness(d),Shannon-Weaner index(H′)and evenness(J)were obtained.It could be concluded from the analysis of diversity indexes that the biodiversity of the May voyage was inferior to the August voyage.The dominant species appearing in the same season voyages of different years were very similar,while the dominant species appearing of different season voyages were quite different.
In May and August of both 2016 and 2017,four voyages cross-sectional surgery of the zooplankton were conducted in coastal waters of Rizhao City,where Enteromorpha outbroke.Among the four voyages,the numbers of types obtained in the voyages in May 2016 and 2017 were significantly lower than the voyages in August of the same year.However,the average abundance and wet weight biomass in May were higher than the August voyage in the same year.The reason was possibly related to the ending of Enteromorpha outbroke in August of the sea area surveyed.The dying process of Enteromorpha consumed a lot of nutrients which led to a decrease in nutrient content in the water and finally affected the growth of other phytoplankton and zooplankton.By using univariate analysis in the PRIMER software,the community species(S),richness(d),Shannon-Weaner index(H′)and evenness(J)were obtained.It could be concluded from the analysis of diversity indexes that the biodiversity of the May voyage was inferior to the August voyage.The dominant species appearing in the same season voyages of different years were very similar,while the dominant species appearing of different season voyages were quite different.
引文
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[15]NELSON T A,NELSON A V,TJOELKER M.Seasonal and spatial patterns of“green tides”(Ulvoid algal blooms)and relates water quality parameters in the coastal waters of Washington State,USA[J].Botanica Marina,2003b,46:263-275.
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[2]MCGLATHERY K J.Macroalgal blooms contribute to the decline of seagrass in nutrient:enriched coastal waters[J].Journal of Phycology,2001,37(6):453-456.
[3]李大秋,贺双颜,杨倩,等.青岛海域浒苔来源与外海分布特征研究[J].环境保护,2008,402(16):45-46.
[4]于洋,刘迎迎,王建勇,等.日照近岸海域浒苔暴发区浮游植物调查研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2017,34(11):74-78.
[5]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].第二版.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1992:356-357.
[6]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[7]MARGALEF R.Information theory in ecology[J].International Journal of General Systems,1958,3(1):36-71.
[8]SHANNON C E,WIENER W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana,Illinois:The University of Illinois Press,1949:125.
[9]PIELOU E C.An introduction to mathematical ecology[M].New York:Wiley Interscience,1969:1-286.
[10]陈清潮,黄良民,尹健强.南沙群岛海区浮游动物多样性研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,1994:42-50.
[11]左涛.东黄海浮游动物群落结构研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院,2003.
[12]王云龙,沈新强,李纯厚,等.中国大陆架及邻近海域浮游生物[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.
[13]VIAROLI P,BARTOLI M,BONDAVALLI C,et al.Macrophyte communities and their impact on benthic fluxes of oxygen,sulphide and nutrients in shallow eutrophic environments[J].Hydrobiologia,1996,329:105-119.
[14]DEN HARTOG C.Suffocation of a littoral Zostera bed by Enteromorpha radiate[J].Aquatic Botany,1994,47:21-28.
[15]NELSON T A,NELSON A V,TJOELKER M.Seasonal and spatial patterns of“green tides”(Ulvoid algal blooms)and relates water quality parameters in the coastal waters of Washington State,USA[J].Botanica Marina,2003b,46:263-275.
[16]秦玉涛.南黄海绿潮分布区浮游植物的生态特征[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(3):394-397.