非调制大容量气枪信号处理中反褶积方法的对比研究
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摘要
利用云南宾川主动源资料,对比分析了阻尼系数法、水准法、最小二乘法、时间域迭代法以及维纳法去除气枪信号震源响应的效果。结果表明:①在参数选择正确时,以上方法得到的波形差异不大。其中阻尼系数法、水准法参数选取难度最大,最小二乘法虽然能够自动找到最优解,但步长设置过小时,计算效率低,步长设置过大时,易出现假极值点。时间域迭代法及维纳法的参数对结果的影响相对较小。②对于高信噪比叠加信号,时间域迭代法得到的信号信噪比最高,计算时间对比其他方法增加不大,是一种较好的反褶积方法。对于单枪低信噪比信号,当只需要到时信息时,可使用时间域迭代法,但需波形信息时,从波形的可信度及计算效率上考虑,维纳法是更加折中的方法。
Using airgun data from Binchuan in Yunnan Province,we compare the calculation effects of damping factor method,water level method,least squares method,time domain iteration method and Wiener method on the removal of the time function. The results show that:① The waveforms obtained by the above methods have little difference when the parameters are correctly selected. The damping coefficient method and water leveling method are the most difficult to choose. The least squares deconvolution can automatically find the optimal solution,but the calculation efficiency is too low if the step size is set too small,and false extreme points are likely occurred when the step size is set too large. The parameters of the time domain iteration and Wiener method have relatively little influence on the results.② For high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) stacked signals,the SNR obtained by the time domain iterative deconvolution method is the highest,and the computation time is within the accepted range,so it is a good deconvolution method. For single-gun low SNR signals,the time domain iterative method can be chosen when we just need to pick the arrival time. But when waveform information is needed,the Wiener method is more effective in terms of the reliability of the waveform and the calculation efficiency.
Using airgun data from Binchuan in Yunnan Province,we compare the calculation effects of damping factor method,water level method,least squares method,time domain iteration method and Wiener method on the removal of the time function. The results show that:① The waveforms obtained by the above methods have little difference when the parameters are correctly selected. The damping coefficient method and water leveling method are the most difficult to choose. The least squares deconvolution can automatically find the optimal solution,but the calculation efficiency is too low if the step size is set too small,and false extreme points are likely occurred when the step size is set too large. The parameters of the time domain iteration and Wiener method have relatively little influence on the results.② For high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) stacked signals,the SNR obtained by the time domain iterative deconvolution method is the highest,and the computation time is within the accepted range,so it is a good deconvolution method. For single-gun low SNR signals,the time domain iterative method can be chosen when we just need to pick the arrival time. But when waveform information is needed,the Wiener method is more effective in terms of the reliability of the waveform and the calculation efficiency.
引文
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张云鹏,李孝宾,王伟涛,等.2017.云南宾川地震信号发射台的流动观测数据服务系统及数据质量评估[J].地震研究,40(4):525-533.
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Kiknchi M,Kanamori H.1982.Inversion of complex bodywaves[J].Bul Seism Soc Am,72(2):491-506.
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Yang W,Wang B S,Yuan S Y,et al.2018.Temporal Variation of Seismic-Wave Velocity Associated with Groundwater Level Observed by a Downhole Airgun near the Xiaojiang Fault Zone[J].Seismological Research Letters,doi:10.1785/0220170282.
陈颙,张先康,丘学林,等.2007.陆地人工激发地震波的一种新方法[J].科学通报,52(1):1-5.
陈颙,朱日祥.2005.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议[J].地球科学进展,20(5):485-489.
蒋生淼,王宝善,张云鹏,等.2017.一种基于信号噪声特征的主动源数据自动筛选与叠加方法[J].地震研究,40(4):534-542
林建民,王宝善,葛洪魁.2008.大容量气枪震源特性及地震波传播的震相分析[J].地球物理学报,53(2):342-349.
王伟涛,王宝善,蒋生淼,等.2017.利用气枪震源探测大陆浅部的地震学研究回顾与展望[J].地震研究,40(4):514-524.
吴庆举,田小波,张乃铃,等.2003.用Wiener滤波方法提取台站接收函数[J].中国地震,19(1):41-47.
许立生,陈运泰.1996.用经验格林函数方法从长周期数字波形资料中提取共和地震的震源时间函数[J].地震学报,18(2):156-169.
杨微,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.2013.大容量气枪震源主动探测技术系统及试验研究[J],中国地震,29(4):399-410.
翟秋实,姚华建,王宝善.2016.气枪震源资料反褶积方法与处理流程研究[J].中国地震,32(2):295-304.
张云鹏,李孝宾,王伟涛,等.2017.云南宾川地震信号发射台的流动观测数据服务系统及数据质量评估[J].地震研究,40(4):525-533.
Bell A J,Sejnowski T J.1995.An information-maximization approach to blind separation and blind deconvolution[J].Neural computation,7(6):1129-1159.
Bostock M G.1998.Mantle stratigraphy and evolution of the Slave province[J].J Geophys Res,103(B9):21183-21200.
Gurrola H,Baker G E,Minster J B.1995.Simultaneous time-domain deconvolution with application to the computation of receiver functions[J].Geophys J Int,120:537-543.
Helmberger D,Wiggins R A.1971.Upper mantle structure of midwest United States[J].J Geophys Res,76(14):3229-3245.
Kiknchi M,Kanamori H.1982.Inversion of complex bodywaves[J].Bul Seism Soc Am,72(2):491-506.
Lines L R,Treitel S.1984.Tutorial a review of least-squares inversion and its application to geophysical problems[J].Geophys Prosp,32:159-186.
Menke W.1984.Geophysical data analysis:discrete inverse theory[M].New York:Academic Press.
Sheehan A F,Abets G A,Leruer-Lam A L,et al.1995.Crustal thickness variation across the Rocky Mountain Front from teleseismic receiver functions[J].J Geophys Res,100(B10),20391-20404.
Wang B S,Tian Xiao F,Zhang Y P,et al.2018.Seismic Signature of an Untuned Large-Volume Airgun Array Fired in a Water Reservoir[J].Seismological Research Letters,doi:10.1785/0220180007.
Yang W,Wang B S,Yuan S Y,et al.2018.Temporal Variation of Seismic-Wave Velocity Associated with Groundwater Level Observed by a Downhole Airgun near the Xiaojiang Fault Zone[J].Seismological Research Letters,doi:10.1785/0220170282.