污水中致病性微生物对卫生安全影响及措施研究
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摘要
目的系统性分析污水中致病微生物对公共卫生安全的影响及控制措施。方法以生活废水、工业废水、水产养殖废水、公共安全、致病微生物为关键词,采用主题词与自由词相结合方式检索维普、万方、知网等网站2014年8月-2018年8月相关资料,总结分析污水中致病微生物主要来源、危害及主流控制措施。结果经初步筛选,剔除设计方法不明确、重复研究、可靠性差、质量低等无法利用文献,共检索出34篇可利用文献,其中:中国类杂志期刊18篇(52.94%),地方类学报与杂志9篇(26.47%),中华类杂志7篇(20.59%);污水中致病微生物危害以生活废水、工业废水、水产养殖废水最为常见,主要通过膜技术控制。结论生活废水、工业废水、水产养殖废水等均可对生态环境及公共健康造成严重威胁,膜技术具有去除效果佳、无残余毒性、对生态安全、无消费副产物生成优点,是处理分离污水中致病微生物的一种有效方法,在污水处理领域应用前景广阔。
Objective To analyze the effects of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage on public health and safety and control measures. Methods Using domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, public safety and pathogenic microorganisms as the key words, we used the combination of subject words and free words to search Weipu, Wanfang, and Zhiwang websites from August 2014 to August2018, and summarized the main source, harm and mainstream control measures of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage. Results After preliminary screening, 34 available literatures were retrieved, exclusion of unclear design method, repeated research, poor reliability and low quality. Including 18 Chinese journals(52.94%),9 local journals and magazines(26.47%) and 7 Chinese magazines(20.59%). The most common hazards of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage are mainly with domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and aquaculture wastewater, which are mainly controlled by membrane technology. Conclusion Domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and aquaculture wastewater all pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. Membrane technology has the advantages of good removal effect, no residual toxicity, ecological safety and no consumption of by-products. It is an effective method for the treatment of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage. It has broad application prospects in the field of sewage treatment.
Objective To analyze the effects of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage on public health and safety and control measures. Methods Using domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, public safety and pathogenic microorganisms as the key words, we used the combination of subject words and free words to search Weipu, Wanfang, and Zhiwang websites from August 2014 to August2018, and summarized the main source, harm and mainstream control measures of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage. Results After preliminary screening, 34 available literatures were retrieved, exclusion of unclear design method, repeated research, poor reliability and low quality. Including 18 Chinese journals(52.94%),9 local journals and magazines(26.47%) and 7 Chinese magazines(20.59%). The most common hazards of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage are mainly with domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and aquaculture wastewater, which are mainly controlled by membrane technology. Conclusion Domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and aquaculture wastewater all pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. Membrane technology has the advantages of good removal effect, no residual toxicity, ecological safety and no consumption of by-products. It is an effective method for the treatment of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage. It has broad application prospects in the field of sewage treatment.
引文
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[2]马海良,侯雅如,李珊珊.工业废水排放与经济增长脱钩的省际差异研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2017,27(11):185-192.
[3]俞顺章.甲型肝炎流行促进了“大卫生”的诞生[J].上海预防医学,2017,29(1):1-3.
[4]杨秀惠,朱旺峰,蔡少健,等.2013-2014年福州市环境污水应用于肠道病毒监测结果分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2017,33(1):27-31.
[5]王娟,刘鲜鲜,张倩,等.山东生猪屠宰环节沙门氏菌血清型及耐药性测试[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2017,33(6):517-521.
[6]张如胜,孙边成,姚栋,等.2014年长沙市活禽市场污水中H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA、NA及NS基因进化分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2017,33(1):85-88.
[7]薛强.膜法污水深度处理回用技术的应用研究进展[J].铁路节能环保与安全卫生,2016,6(2):64-68.
[8]唐理.膜技术在工业废水处理中的应用探讨[J].低碳世界,2016,42(27):219.
[9]张凡.纳滤膜技术在污水处理中的技术分析[J].建材发展导向(上),2017,15(5):327.
[10]申露文,沈宗泽,王一惠,等.膜污染层微生物与聚丙烯微滤膜间的界面作用及其吸附特征[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2561-2571.