不同笼位规格对山麻鸭生产性能的影响研究
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摘要
试验旨在研究不同笼位规格对山麻鸭生产性能的影响,为小型蛋鸭笼养生产中笼位规格的制定提供相关参考依据。选取97日龄山麻鸭母鸭4 248只,随机分成5组并饲养于5种不同笼位规格的蛋鸭笼中,每个单体笼纵截面规格相同:笼深36.00 cm,笼高37.00 cm,笼宽分别为:19.50 cm(10笼组)、21.70 cm(9笼组)、24.40 cm(8笼组)、32.50 cm(6笼组)、39.00 cm(5笼组)。结果显示:山麻鸭在笼养条件下能获得较优的生产性能,但在不同笼位规格下所表现的生产性能有所差异,单笼饲养且笼位宽为24.40 cm的8笼组各项生产性能均最佳,笼位宽为32.50 cm的6笼组因双笼饲养导致其笼位密度最大,从而表现出最差的生产性能。呈现出随笼位密度的增加,开产日龄与达90%产蛋日龄逐渐推迟,破蛋率、死淘率、日均采食量和产蛋期饲料转换比增高的趋势。笼位宽为24.40 cm的8笼组笼位规格更适用于小型蛋鸭的养殖,笼位宽为32.50 cm的6笼组生产性能最差,在实际生产中应不予采用。
The aim of the study was to effect of 5 kinds of cage specification on production performance of Shan partridge duck.A total of 4 248 female ducks at the age of 97 days were randomly divided into five groups and raised in five cage-rearing systems with the same depth of 36 centimeters(cm) and height of 37 cm,the width of which was 19.50 cm(G10,in termed as group of 10 cages),21.7 cm(G9),24.4 cm(G8),32.5 cm(G6),or 39 cm(G5).The results showed that the duck raised in cages could get better growth performance,but the performance was different under different cage speaification.G8 with single cage was optimal for growth performance while the worst one was observed in G6 possibly resulted by two ducks lived in a cage.With the increasing of cage-rearing density,the ages at first egg and of 90% laying rate were gradually delayed whereas the cracked egg rate,the mortality rate,average daily feed intake,ratio of feed to egg showed an increasing trend.As a result,it′s suggested that the specification of G8 was more suitable for the rearing of small laying duck,while G6 specification had the worst production performances,which was not employed for the egg production.
The aim of the study was to effect of 5 kinds of cage specification on production performance of Shan partridge duck.A total of 4 248 female ducks at the age of 97 days were randomly divided into five groups and raised in five cage-rearing systems with the same depth of 36 centimeters(cm) and height of 37 cm,the width of which was 19.50 cm(G10,in termed as group of 10 cages),21.7 cm(G9),24.4 cm(G8),32.5 cm(G6),or 39 cm(G5).The results showed that the duck raised in cages could get better growth performance,but the performance was different under different cage speaification.G8 with single cage was optimal for growth performance while the worst one was observed in G6 possibly resulted by two ducks lived in a cage.With the increasing of cage-rearing density,the ages at first egg and of 90% laying rate were gradually delayed whereas the cracked egg rate,the mortality rate,average daily feed intake,ratio of feed to egg showed an increasing trend.As a result,it′s suggested that the specification of G8 was more suitable for the rearing of small laying duck,while G6 specification had the worst production performances,which was not employed for the egg production.
引文
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[20]林勇,陈宽维,师蔚群,等.笼养对苏邮1号蛋鸭生产性能与蛋品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018(1):41-44.
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[22]XIE M,JIANG Y,TANG J,et al.Effects of stocking density on growth performance,carcass traits,and foot pad lesions of White Pekin ducks[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(7):1644-8.
[23]DR JONES T A,DAWKINS M S.Effect of environment on Pekin duck behaviour and its correlation with body condition on commercial farms in the UK[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(3):319.
[24]AHAOTU E O,AGBASU C A.Evaluation of the stocking rate on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of male Peking ducks[J].Scientific Journal of Biological Sciences,2015,4(3):23-29.
[25]TAUSON R,HOLM K H,WITKOWSKI A.Mortality,production and use of facilities in furnished small group cages for layers in commercial egg production in Sweden1998-2003[J].Animal Science Papers&Reports,2005,45(4):309-320.
[26]BENYI K,NORRIS D,TSATSINYANE P M.Effects of stocking density and group size on the performance of white and brown Hyline layers in semi-arid conditions[J].Tropical Animal Health&Production,2006,38(7-8):619.
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[28]王建鑫.低温日粮电解质对笼养蛋鸭产蛋初期生产性能的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2005.
[29]刘雅丽,李国勤,王德前,等.夏季控温笼养对不同品系缙云麻鸭生产性能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(3):34-36.
[30]张璐爽,张亚茹,刘洋,等.网上饲养密度对北京鸭免疫功能和氧化应激水平的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(12):31-34.
[31]MBM B.Welfare of ducks in European duck husbandry systems[J].World′s Poultry Science Journal,2005,61(4):633-646.
[32]熊霞,杨朝武,杜华锐,等.饲养密度对鸭生产性能、健康与福利影响的研究进展[J].中国家禽,2017,39(16):42-46.
[33]ABRAHAMSSON P,TAUSON R,APPLEBY M C.Behaviour,health and integument of four hybrids of laying hens in modified and conventional cages[J].British Poultry Science,1996,37(3):521-540.
[2]梁振华.我国蛋鸭笼养研究现状与展望[J].中国家禽,2016,38(22):1-4.
[3]陈元昌,夏淑文.蛋鸭笼养与牧养试验效益探讨[J].畜牧与兽医,1990(6):270-271.
[4]郭海宁,陈开丰,苏红卫,等.笼养山麻鸭适宜采精频率和输精参数的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2018,40(2):350-357.
[5]杨玉峰,吴承林,王伟明.笼养初产蛋鸭对笼具的适应性研究[J].饲料广角,2010(11):41-43.
[6]陈希萍,黄得纯,景栋林,等.笼养方式对育成蛋鸭行为的影响研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(16):122-124.
[7]宋卫涛,薛敏开,李慧芳,等.苏邮1号蛋鸭笼养适应性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(33):145-147.
[8]江宵兵.不同饲养方式对蛋鸭生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(9):43-45.
[9]侯水生.我国水禽产业发展趋势与技术需求[J].中国家禽,2009,31(17):1-5.
[10]王龙.饲养密度对层叠笼养蛋鸡生产性能以及福利影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015.
[11]OSMAN A.Effect of the stocking rate on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of male Peking ducks[J].Tropenlandwirt,1993,94(10):147-156.
[12]林勇,王建军,施振旦,等.不同季节与饲养密度条件下发酵床养殖对肉鸭生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2015,36(3):78-82.
[13]何平,刘增再,戴求仲,等.网上平养密度对21~63日龄临武鸭生长性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(4):51-53.
[14]吕峰,韩文礼,郝德新.饲养密度对肉鸭生长的影响[J].动物科学与动物医学,2002,19(6):50-50.
[15]陈奕春.不同密度不同尺寸鸭笼对缙云麻鸭生产性能的影响[J].当代畜牧,2007(3):4-5.
[16]景栋林,陈希萍,于辉,等.笼养与平养蛋鸭的生产性能比较研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2013,45(8):59-61.
[17]黄江南,韦启鹏,王德前,等.不同饲养方式对蛋鸭产蛋性能的影响及其机制[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(4):717-723.
[18]丁君辉,吴志勇,王荣民,等.单笼饲养量对山麻鸭生产性能的影响[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2018(1):15-17.
[19]赵伟,陈宽维,林勇,等.“苏邮1号”商品蛋鸭笼养和地面平养的生产性能比较[J].中国家禽,2016,38(16):74-76.
[20]林勇,陈宽维,师蔚群,等.笼养对苏邮1号蛋鸭生产性能与蛋品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018(1):41-44.
[21]ROZENBOIM I,TAKO E,GAL-GARBER O,et al.The effect of heat stress on ovarian function of laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(8):1760-1765.
[22]XIE M,JIANG Y,TANG J,et al.Effects of stocking density on growth performance,carcass traits,and foot pad lesions of White Pekin ducks[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(7):1644-8.
[23]DR JONES T A,DAWKINS M S.Effect of environment on Pekin duck behaviour and its correlation with body condition on commercial farms in the UK[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(3):319.
[24]AHAOTU E O,AGBASU C A.Evaluation of the stocking rate on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of male Peking ducks[J].Scientific Journal of Biological Sciences,2015,4(3):23-29.
[25]TAUSON R,HOLM K H,WITKOWSKI A.Mortality,production and use of facilities in furnished small group cages for layers in commercial egg production in Sweden1998-2003[J].Animal Science Papers&Reports,2005,45(4):309-320.
[26]BENYI K,NORRIS D,TSATSINYANE P M.Effects of stocking density and group size on the performance of white and brown Hyline layers in semi-arid conditions[J].Tropical Animal Health&Production,2006,38(7-8):619.
[27]KEELING L J,ESTEVEZ I,NEWBERRY R C,et al.Production-related traits of layers reared in different sized flocks:The concept of problematic intermediate group sizes[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(9):1393-1396.
[28]王建鑫.低温日粮电解质对笼养蛋鸭产蛋初期生产性能的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2005.
[29]刘雅丽,李国勤,王德前,等.夏季控温笼养对不同品系缙云麻鸭生产性能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(3):34-36.
[30]张璐爽,张亚茹,刘洋,等.网上饲养密度对北京鸭免疫功能和氧化应激水平的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(12):31-34.
[31]MBM B.Welfare of ducks in European duck husbandry systems[J].World′s Poultry Science Journal,2005,61(4):633-646.
[32]熊霞,杨朝武,杜华锐,等.饲养密度对鸭生产性能、健康与福利影响的研究进展[J].中国家禽,2017,39(16):42-46.
[33]ABRAHAMSSON P,TAUSON R,APPLEBY M C.Behaviour,health and integument of four hybrids of laying hens in modified and conventional cages[J].British Poultry Science,1996,37(3):521-540.