2013—2017年新疆克拉玛依市法定传染病与职业病住院患者流行病学分析
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摘要
目的分析克拉玛依市2013—2017年法定传染病和职业病的住院就诊患者流行病学特征,为法定传染病和职业病的防治措施制定提供支撑。方法采用描述性统计对疾病的性别、年龄、时间分布等进行统计描述,采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析法定传染病和职业病疾病占比的变化趋势。结果乙类、丙类法定传染病和职业病总就诊人次的构成比随着年份的推移而下降,就诊人次变化不明显;乙类传染病就诊人次远高于丙类,乙类传染病主要以结核病为主,丙类传染病以手足口病为主;职业病患者男女差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),职业病以职业性中毒和职业性矽肺病为主。结论克拉玛依市法定传染病和职业病的防治工作取得一定成效,但仍尚需针对结核、手足口病、职业性中毒等疾病的流行病学特征加强防治,以促进健康水平提升。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with statutory infectious diseases and occupational diseases from 2011 to 2017 in Karamay,and to provide support for the formulation of prevention for statutory infectious diseases and occupational diseases. Methods Descriptive statistical approaches were used to analyze the gender,age,and time distribution of the diseases. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trends of the proportion of statutory infectious diseases and occupational diseases. Results The composition of patients with class B and class C statutory infectious diseases and occupational diseases decreased with the passage of the years,while the number of patients did not change significantly. The number of visits for class B infectous diseases was much higher than that for class C infectious diseases. Major infectious diseases for class B were tuberculosis,and main infectious diseases for class C were hand-foot-and-mouth disease. There was no significant difference between male and female in occupational diseases,and main occupational disease was occupational poisoning and occupational silicosis. Conclusion Overall,Karamay has made some achievements in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and occupational diseases. It is still necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of the infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease,and occupational poisoning and other diseases to promote the improvement of health level.
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with statutory infectious diseases and occupational diseases from 2011 to 2017 in Karamay,and to provide support for the formulation of prevention for statutory infectious diseases and occupational diseases. Methods Descriptive statistical approaches were used to analyze the gender,age,and time distribution of the diseases. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trends of the proportion of statutory infectious diseases and occupational diseases. Results The composition of patients with class B and class C statutory infectious diseases and occupational diseases decreased with the passage of the years,while the number of patients did not change significantly. The number of visits for class B infectous diseases was much higher than that for class C infectious diseases. Major infectious diseases for class B were tuberculosis,and main infectious diseases for class C were hand-foot-and-mouth disease. There was no significant difference between male and female in occupational diseases,and main occupational disease was occupational poisoning and occupational silicosis. Conclusion Overall,Karamay has made some achievements in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and occupational diseases. It is still necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of the infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease,and occupational poisoning and other diseases to promote the improvement of health level.
引文
[1]陈青山,沈超华,宋丽萍. 2012—2016年广东省五华县法定传染病流行病学特征[J].职业与健康,2018,34(6):816-819.
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[6]张家伍,孟令红.淮南市某县2014—2016年结核病流行病学特征分析[J].安徽卫生职业技术学院学报,2018(3):7-9.
[7]黄晓光,田春辉. 2008—2013年锦州市太和区手足口病疫情分析[J].预防医学论坛,2015(1):69-70.
[8] YE X,WONG O. Lead exposure,lead poisoning,and lead Regulatory standards in China,1990-2005[J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,2006,46(2):157-162.
[9] VAN DER MOLEN H F,DE VRIES S,SLUITER J K.Occupational diseases among workers in lower and higher socioeconomic positions[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2018,15(284912).
[2]刘贞梅,逄建清,张冲,等. 2007—2017年青岛市李沧区职业病发病特征分析[J].职业与健康,2019,35(2):160-163.
[3]赵术芳,苏颖. 2008—2016年宁河区手足口病流行病学特征分析[J].中国城乡企业卫生,2018(9):1-3.
[4] GUERRA-SILVEIRA F,ABAD-FRANCH F. Sex bias in infectious disease epidemiology:patterns and processes[J]. Plos One,2013(8):623904.
[5] XIE Y H,CHONGSUVIVATWONG V,TAN Y,et al. Important roles of public playgrounds in the transmission of hand,foot,and mouth disease[J]. Epidemiology and Infection,2015,143(7):1432-1441.
[6]张家伍,孟令红.淮南市某县2014—2016年结核病流行病学特征分析[J].安徽卫生职业技术学院学报,2018(3):7-9.
[7]黄晓光,田春辉. 2008—2013年锦州市太和区手足口病疫情分析[J].预防医学论坛,2015(1):69-70.
[8] YE X,WONG O. Lead exposure,lead poisoning,and lead Regulatory standards in China,1990-2005[J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,2006,46(2):157-162.
[9] VAN DER MOLEN H F,DE VRIES S,SLUITER J K.Occupational diseases among workers in lower and higher socioeconomic positions[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2018,15(284912).