节能变压器在抽油机井上的应用
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摘要
随着油田产能建设的进一步深入,抽油机的数量逐年增多,用电量也进一步增大,我厂近几年的电量约为22×10~8kWh,节电降耗成为我们面临的重要任务。目前,我厂油井的开采方式主要是以游梁式抽油机为主,其用电量约占全厂总用电量的40%,且总体效率不高,节电潜力较大。游梁式抽油机启动时需要较大的启动转矩,当启动完毕进入正常工作状态时,抽油机仅需要较小的动力就可以维持正常运行。但在选用电动机及与之配套的变压器容量时,为了保证抽油机正常启动,需留有一定的裕量,以致抽油机进入正常工作状态后,变压器多数工作在低负载,形成了低负荷状态,造成抽油机供电系统低功率因数、高能耗的现象,使得运行成本上升,造成了一定量的电能浪费。SZT型有载调压调容变压器可以根据抽油机的实际工作状态,分4种电压(380、340、300、280 V)等级驱动电动机工作,抽油机启动时变压器提供较高的输出电压,当抽油机负荷电流降低时能够自动降低变压器的输出电压,减少输出功率,使电动机始终工作在较高功率因数和效率下,从而达到节电降耗的目的。
With the development of the construction of oilfield productivity andthe increase of the number of pumping units, electricity consumption has greatly increased. In recent years, the power consumption of our factory is about 2.2 billion kWh, making reducing consumption an urgent need.Currently, our mining method is mainly based on beam pumping units, whose electricity consumption account for about 40% of the whole plant' s total electricity consumption.Moreover, the efficiency is relatively low, 30% ～50% as reported, which indicates a large potential of saving electricity.The working characteristics of the beam pumping unitsinclude a requirement of large starting torqueand less power to maintain when normal working state is reached.However, the motor and the matching transformer with a certain margin are selected in order to ensure the success in the startup process, resulting in the low-load operation of transformer, which brings about low power factor and high energy consumption along with the high cost and power waste.The SZT type on-load voltage regulating transformer can drive the motor according to the actual working state of the pumping unit, with four voltage level(380,340, 300, 280 volts), whichcould provide a higher output voltage when pumping unit starts and a lower output voltage when the load current of pumping unit is reduced, in an automated manner, so that the motor is always operated at relatively high powerfactor and efficiency,thereby achieving the goal of reducing consumption.
With the development of the construction of oilfield productivity andthe increase of the number of pumping units, electricity consumption has greatly increased. In recent years, the power consumption of our factory is about 2.2 billion kWh, making reducing consumption an urgent need.Currently, our mining method is mainly based on beam pumping units, whose electricity consumption account for about 40% of the whole plant' s total electricity consumption.Moreover, the efficiency is relatively low, 30% ～50% as reported, which indicates a large potential of saving electricity.The working characteristics of the beam pumping unitsinclude a requirement of large starting torqueand less power to maintain when normal working state is reached.However, the motor and the matching transformer with a certain margin are selected in order to ensure the success in the startup process, resulting in the low-load operation of transformer, which brings about low power factor and high energy consumption along with the high cost and power waste.The SZT type on-load voltage regulating transformer can drive the motor according to the actual working state of the pumping unit, with four voltage level(380,340, 300, 280 volts), whichcould provide a higher output voltage when pumping unit starts and a lower output voltage when the load current of pumping unit is reduced, in an automated manner, so that the motor is always operated at relatively high powerfactor and efficiency,thereby achieving the goal of reducing consumption.
引文
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[2]邓素玉,郭春声,胡庆红,等.节能降耗技术在抽油机井上的应用[J].中外能源,2008,13(2):109-112.
[3]潘文卓.策论节能降耗技术在抽油机井中的应用效果[J].科技与企业,2013(8):98.
[4]廖百顺,胡伟杰,贺春燕,等.变频调速技术在抽油机井上的应用[J].油气地面工程,2004,23(5):61.
[5]姚越超.抽油机井节能技术在油田中的应用[J].化学工程与装备,2015(3):193-194.