矿震震源时空分布的分形特性与活动性预测——以新疆阿舍勒铜矿为例
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摘要
基于分形理论的分形维数与岩体破坏活动规律之间有着密切联系。为研究岩体破坏时空分维值变化规律,揭示岩体破坏的实质,达到预测预报的目的,利用盒维数计算的方法分析阿舍勒铜矿微震监测系统的震源定位数据并聚类分析其时空分布规律与生产活动、开拓工程等之间的关系。首先,震源定位时空分布特征与分维值存在显著相关性;其次,在球覆盖半径为5时,时间空间分维值和无标度区间拟合程度最优,即根据分维值变化趋势预测预判岩体破坏过程的准确性最高。最后,时间、空间分维变化具有同趋势性并且和能量释放情况联系密切,更有利于实际工程应用。
There is a close relationship between the fractal dimension based on fractal theory and the law of rock mass failure activity. In order to study the variation law of space-time fractal dimension of rock mass failure,reveal the essence of rock mass failure and achieve the purpose of forecasting,this paper uses box dimension calculation method to analyze the source location data of the Ashele copper mine microseismic monitoring system and the relationship between its spatial-temporal distribution law and production activities,development projects,etc. Firstly,there is a significant correlation between the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the source location and the fractal dimension. Secondly,when the sphere coverage which radius is 5,the time-space fractal dimension and the no-scale interval fit optimally. That is to say,according to the fractal dimension,Predicting the prediction of rock failure process is the most accurate. Finally,changes of the time and space fractal dimension which are closely related to the energy release have the same trend,which is more conducive to practical engineering applications.
There is a close relationship between the fractal dimension based on fractal theory and the law of rock mass failure activity. In order to study the variation law of space-time fractal dimension of rock mass failure,reveal the essence of rock mass failure and achieve the purpose of forecasting,this paper uses box dimension calculation method to analyze the source location data of the Ashele copper mine microseismic monitoring system and the relationship between its spatial-temporal distribution law and production activities,development projects,etc. Firstly,there is a significant correlation between the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the source location and the fractal dimension. Secondly,when the sphere coverage which radius is 5,the time-space fractal dimension and the no-scale interval fit optimally. That is to say,according to the fractal dimension,Predicting the prediction of rock failure process is the most accurate. Finally,changes of the time and space fractal dimension which are closely related to the energy release have the same trend,which is more conducive to practical engineering applications.
引文
[1]MANDELBROT B B.The fractal geometry of nature.[M].New York:W H.Freeman and Company,1982:25-50.
[2]TURCOTTE D L.Fractals and fragmentation.[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91(B2):1 921-1 926.
[3]HIRATA T.Fractal dimension of fault systems in Japan:fractal structure in rock fractal fracture geometry at various scales[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1989,131(1):157-170.
[4]谢和平,高峰.岩石类材料损伤演化的分形特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(1):74-82.(XIE Heping,GAO Feng.Fractal characteristics of damage evolution of rock materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(1):74-82.(in Chinese))
[5]陈顒.分形与混沌在地球科学中的应用[M].北京:学术书刊出版社,1989:1-210.(CHEN Yong.Application of fractal and chaos in earth science[M].Beijing:Academic Press,1989:1-210.(in Chinese))
[6]洪时中,洪时明.分维及其在地震科学中应用的若干最新进展[J].国际地震动态,1988,18(12):3-8.(HONG Shizhong,HONGShiming.Fractal dimension and some recent developments in the application of seismology[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1988,18(12):3-8.(in Chinese))
[7]谢和平,于广明,杨伦,等.采动岩体分形裂隙网络研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):29-33.(XIE Heping,YU Guangming,YANG Lun,et al.Research on fractal network of mining rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):29-33.(in Chinese))
[8]覃敏.多中段强化开采地压微震监测与预警技术应用研究[硕士学位论文][D].长沙:长沙矿山研究院,2013.(QIN Min.Application research on monitoring and early warning technology of ground pressure microseism in multi-middle section[M.S.Thesis][D].Changsha:Changsha Institute of Mining Research,2013.(in Chinese))
[9]洪时中,洪时明.地震分形研究中应当注意的几个问题[J].国际地震动态,1992,22(2):66-71.(HONG Shizhong,HONG Shiming.Several issues that should be paid attention to in the study of seismic fractals[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1992,22(2):66-71.(in Chinese))
[10]彭成斌,陈颙.地震中的分形结构[J].中国地震,1989,5(2):21-28.(PENG Chengbin,CHEN Yong.Fractal structure in earthquakes[J].China Earthquake,1989,5(2):21-28.(in Chinese))
[11]雷兴林,马瑾,楠濑勤一郎,等.三轴压缩下粗晶花岗闪长岩声发射三维分布及其分形特征[J].地震地质,1991,13(2):97-106.(LEI Xinglin,MA Jin,NANJIN Qinyilang,et al.Three-dimensional Distribution and fractal characteristics of acoustic emission of coarse-grained granodiorite under triaxial compression[J].Seismology and Geology,1991,13(2):97-106.(in Chinese))
[12]唐绍辉.岩体结构面几何特征的分形研究[J].矿业研究与开发,1996,6(1):61-64.(TANG Shaohui.Fractal study on geometric characteristics of rock mass structural surfaces[J].Mining Research and Development,1996,6(1):61-64.(in Chinese))
[13]张向东,徐峥嵘,苏仲杰,等.采动岩体分形裂隙网络计算机模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):809-812.(ZHANGXiangdong,XU Zhengrong,SU Zhongjie,et al.Computer simulation of fractal network of mining rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(6):809-812.(in Chinese))
[14]于广明,李爱武,潘永战,等.地下开挖影响下岩体分形性质演化问题探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增2):4 674-4 678.(YU Guangming,LI Aiwu,PAN Yongzhan,et al.Discussion on the evolution of fractal properties of rock mass under the influence of underground excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.2):4 674-4 678.(in Chinese))
[15]尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕.岩石破坏声发射强度分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3 512-3 516.(YIN Xiangang,LI Shulin,TANG Haiyan.Fractal characteristics of acoustic emission intensity of rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3 512-3 516.(in Chinese))
[16]薛东杰,周宏伟,易海洋.三维空间岩石裂纹分形曲线的分维估算[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1 522-1 527.(XUE Dongjie,ZHOUHongwei,YI Haiyang.Fractal dimension estimation of rock crack fractal curve in three-dimensional space[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1 522-1 527.(in Chinese))
[17]于洋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深部岩体隧洞即时型岩爆微震震源体积的分形特征研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(12):2 173-2 179.(YU Yang,FENG Xiating,CHEN Bingrui,et al.Fractal characteristics of the instantaneous source volume of rockburst microseismic rock in deep rock mass tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(12):2 173-2 179.(in Chinese))
[18]杨文东,金星,李山有,等.地震定位研究及应用综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):14-20.(YANG Wendong,JIN Xing,LI Shanyou,et al.Review of seismic location research and application[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):14-20.(in Chinese))
[19]湖北海震科创技术有限公司.中科微震监测系统SinOSeiSm[EB/OL].http://www.sinoseism.com/product/html/?51.html.[2018-06-21].(Hubei Haizhen Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Product Name:Zhongke Microseismic monitoring system Sin OSei Sm[EB/OL].Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.http://www.sinoseism.com/product/html/?51.html,[2018-06-21].(in Chinese))
[20]覃敏,唐绍辉,徐必根.阿舍勒铜矿地压灾害微震监测预测预报研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2013,(3):58-63.(QIN Min,TANGShaohui,XU Bigen.Research on prediction of ground pressure disaster based on microseismic monitoring in Ashele Copper Mine[J].Mining Research and Development,2013,(3):58-63.(in Chinese))
[21]李庶林,林朝阳,毛建喜,等.单轴多级循环加载岩石声发射分形特性试验研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(9):92-99.(LI Shulin,LINChaoyang,MAO Jianxi,et al.Experimental study on fractal characteristics of acoustic emission of rock under uniaxial multi-stage cyclic loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(9):92-99.(in Chinese))
[22]张恋,侯兴利.基于分形理论的地质灾害空间分布特征研究[J].科技创新与应用,2017,38(33):189-190.(ZANG Lian,HOU Xingli.Research on spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazards based on fractal spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazards based on fractal theory[J].Science and Technology Innovation and Application,2017,38(33):189-190.(in Chinese))
[23]孙博玲.分形维数(Fractal dimension)及其测量方法[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(3):116-119.(SUN Boling.Fractal dimension and its measurement method[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2004,32(3):116-119.(in Chinese))
[24]谢和平,孙洪泉.分形数学基础与分形在岩石力学中的应用[J].矿业世界,1996,18(4):1-6.(XIE Heping,SUN Hongquan.Application of fractal mathematics foundation and fractal in rock mechanics[J].Mining World,1996,18(4):1-6.(in Chinese))
[25]洪时中,洪时明.对地震时空分维的几点认识[J].国际地震动态,1991,21(3):25-27.(HONG Shizhong,HONG Shiming.Some understandings of space-time fractal dimension of earthquakes[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1991,21(3):25-27.(in Chinese))
[26]尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕,等.岩石破坏声发射平静期及其分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3 383-3 390.(YIN Xiangang,LI Shulin,TANG Haiyan,et al.Study on the quiet period of acoustic emission and its fractal characteristics in rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3 383-3 390.(in Chinese))
[2]TURCOTTE D L.Fractals and fragmentation.[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91(B2):1 921-1 926.
[3]HIRATA T.Fractal dimension of fault systems in Japan:fractal structure in rock fractal fracture geometry at various scales[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1989,131(1):157-170.
[4]谢和平,高峰.岩石类材料损伤演化的分形特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(1):74-82.(XIE Heping,GAO Feng.Fractal characteristics of damage evolution of rock materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(1):74-82.(in Chinese))
[5]陈顒.分形与混沌在地球科学中的应用[M].北京:学术书刊出版社,1989:1-210.(CHEN Yong.Application of fractal and chaos in earth science[M].Beijing:Academic Press,1989:1-210.(in Chinese))
[6]洪时中,洪时明.分维及其在地震科学中应用的若干最新进展[J].国际地震动态,1988,18(12):3-8.(HONG Shizhong,HONGShiming.Fractal dimension and some recent developments in the application of seismology[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1988,18(12):3-8.(in Chinese))
[7]谢和平,于广明,杨伦,等.采动岩体分形裂隙网络研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):29-33.(XIE Heping,YU Guangming,YANG Lun,et al.Research on fractal network of mining rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):29-33.(in Chinese))
[8]覃敏.多中段强化开采地压微震监测与预警技术应用研究[硕士学位论文][D].长沙:长沙矿山研究院,2013.(QIN Min.Application research on monitoring and early warning technology of ground pressure microseism in multi-middle section[M.S.Thesis][D].Changsha:Changsha Institute of Mining Research,2013.(in Chinese))
[9]洪时中,洪时明.地震分形研究中应当注意的几个问题[J].国际地震动态,1992,22(2):66-71.(HONG Shizhong,HONG Shiming.Several issues that should be paid attention to in the study of seismic fractals[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1992,22(2):66-71.(in Chinese))
[10]彭成斌,陈颙.地震中的分形结构[J].中国地震,1989,5(2):21-28.(PENG Chengbin,CHEN Yong.Fractal structure in earthquakes[J].China Earthquake,1989,5(2):21-28.(in Chinese))
[11]雷兴林,马瑾,楠濑勤一郎,等.三轴压缩下粗晶花岗闪长岩声发射三维分布及其分形特征[J].地震地质,1991,13(2):97-106.(LEI Xinglin,MA Jin,NANJIN Qinyilang,et al.Three-dimensional Distribution and fractal characteristics of acoustic emission of coarse-grained granodiorite under triaxial compression[J].Seismology and Geology,1991,13(2):97-106.(in Chinese))
[12]唐绍辉.岩体结构面几何特征的分形研究[J].矿业研究与开发,1996,6(1):61-64.(TANG Shaohui.Fractal study on geometric characteristics of rock mass structural surfaces[J].Mining Research and Development,1996,6(1):61-64.(in Chinese))
[13]张向东,徐峥嵘,苏仲杰,等.采动岩体分形裂隙网络计算机模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):809-812.(ZHANGXiangdong,XU Zhengrong,SU Zhongjie,et al.Computer simulation of fractal network of mining rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(6):809-812.(in Chinese))
[14]于广明,李爱武,潘永战,等.地下开挖影响下岩体分形性质演化问题探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增2):4 674-4 678.(YU Guangming,LI Aiwu,PAN Yongzhan,et al.Discussion on the evolution of fractal properties of rock mass under the influence of underground excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.2):4 674-4 678.(in Chinese))
[15]尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕.岩石破坏声发射强度分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3 512-3 516.(YIN Xiangang,LI Shulin,TANG Haiyan.Fractal characteristics of acoustic emission intensity of rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3 512-3 516.(in Chinese))
[16]薛东杰,周宏伟,易海洋.三维空间岩石裂纹分形曲线的分维估算[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1 522-1 527.(XUE Dongjie,ZHOUHongwei,YI Haiyang.Fractal dimension estimation of rock crack fractal curve in three-dimensional space[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1 522-1 527.(in Chinese))
[17]于洋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深部岩体隧洞即时型岩爆微震震源体积的分形特征研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(12):2 173-2 179.(YU Yang,FENG Xiating,CHEN Bingrui,et al.Fractal characteristics of the instantaneous source volume of rockburst microseismic rock in deep rock mass tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(12):2 173-2 179.(in Chinese))
[18]杨文东,金星,李山有,等.地震定位研究及应用综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):14-20.(YANG Wendong,JIN Xing,LI Shanyou,et al.Review of seismic location research and application[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):14-20.(in Chinese))
[19]湖北海震科创技术有限公司.中科微震监测系统SinOSeiSm[EB/OL].http://www.sinoseism.com/product/html/?51.html.[2018-06-21].(Hubei Haizhen Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Product Name:Zhongke Microseismic monitoring system Sin OSei Sm[EB/OL].Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.http://www.sinoseism.com/product/html/?51.html,[2018-06-21].(in Chinese))
[20]覃敏,唐绍辉,徐必根.阿舍勒铜矿地压灾害微震监测预测预报研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2013,(3):58-63.(QIN Min,TANGShaohui,XU Bigen.Research on prediction of ground pressure disaster based on microseismic monitoring in Ashele Copper Mine[J].Mining Research and Development,2013,(3):58-63.(in Chinese))
[21]李庶林,林朝阳,毛建喜,等.单轴多级循环加载岩石声发射分形特性试验研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(9):92-99.(LI Shulin,LINChaoyang,MAO Jianxi,et al.Experimental study on fractal characteristics of acoustic emission of rock under uniaxial multi-stage cyclic loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(9):92-99.(in Chinese))
[22]张恋,侯兴利.基于分形理论的地质灾害空间分布特征研究[J].科技创新与应用,2017,38(33):189-190.(ZANG Lian,HOU Xingli.Research on spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazards based on fractal spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazards based on fractal theory[J].Science and Technology Innovation and Application,2017,38(33):189-190.(in Chinese))
[23]孙博玲.分形维数(Fractal dimension)及其测量方法[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(3):116-119.(SUN Boling.Fractal dimension and its measurement method[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2004,32(3):116-119.(in Chinese))
[24]谢和平,孙洪泉.分形数学基础与分形在岩石力学中的应用[J].矿业世界,1996,18(4):1-6.(XIE Heping,SUN Hongquan.Application of fractal mathematics foundation and fractal in rock mechanics[J].Mining World,1996,18(4):1-6.(in Chinese))
[25]洪时中,洪时明.对地震时空分维的几点认识[J].国际地震动态,1991,21(3):25-27.(HONG Shizhong,HONG Shiming.Some understandings of space-time fractal dimension of earthquakes[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1991,21(3):25-27.(in Chinese))
[26]尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕,等.岩石破坏声发射平静期及其分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3 383-3 390.(YIN Xiangang,LI Shulin,TANG Haiyan,et al.Study on the quiet period of acoustic emission and its fractal characteristics in rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3 383-3 390.(in Chinese))