利用三维激光扫描技术检测建筑物平整度及垂直度
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摘要
利用地面三维激光扫描仪对某建筑物进行全自动高精度立体扫描,获得目标建筑物表面的三维空间点云信息,经过研究分析提出了一种根据点云提取建筑物中心轴线的方法,采用随机采样一致性算法(RANSAC)拟合直线,并采用整体最小二乘算法拟合平面。通过分析拟合平面及拟合直线的几何特征来检测建筑物的平整度和垂直度,实测数据分析结果表明,三维激光扫描技术在建筑物立面平整度及垂直度检测中具有较高的可行性和适用性。
The point clouds information of the target building is obtained by using terrestrial laser scanner which embodies characteristics such as full automation,high precision,panoramic sweeps. After the analysis and research work,a method of extracting central axis of buildings based on point clouds is proposed. The random sample consensus( RANSAC) is used to fit the straight line.The fitting plane of point clouds adopt a method based on total least squares. The wall flatness and verticality of buildings are detected by analyzing the geometric characteristics of fitting planes and fitting straight lines. The result shows high feasibility and applicability in the detection of the wall flatness and verticality by using 3D laser scanning.
The point clouds information of the target building is obtained by using terrestrial laser scanner which embodies characteristics such as full automation,high precision,panoramic sweeps. After the analysis and research work,a method of extracting central axis of buildings based on point clouds is proposed. The random sample consensus( RANSAC) is used to fit the straight line.The fitting plane of point clouds adopt a method based on total least squares. The wall flatness and verticality of buildings are detected by analyzing the geometric characteristics of fitting planes and fitting straight lines. The result shows high feasibility and applicability in the detection of the wall flatness and verticality by using 3D laser scanning.
引文
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[15]中国建筑科学研究院.混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范:GB 50204-2002[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[2]周青,黄张裕.高层建筑垂直度监测技术探讨及应用[J].测绘通报,2003(10):33-34.
[3]程效军,唐剑波.基于最小二乘拟合的墙面平整度检测方法[J].测绘信息与工程,2007,32(4):19-20.
[4]李杰,程效军.三维激光扫描仪在墙面平整度检测中的应用[J].井冈山大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(4):13-17.
[5]谢海荣.三维激光扫描技术在建筑领域的应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2017.
[6]黄承亮.三维激光扫描技术应用于桥墩垂直度测量的方法研究[J].测绘通报,2012(S1):60-63.
[7]冯腾.基于三维激光扫描的建筑物垂直度监测研究[D].唐山:华北理工大学,2016.
[8]官云兰,刘绍堂,周世健,等.基于整体最小二乘的稳健点云数据平面拟合[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(5):80-83.
[9]官云兰,程效军,施贵刚.一种稳健的点云数据平面拟合方法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(7):981-984.
[10]潘国荣,秦世伟,蔡润彬,等.三维激光扫描拟合平面自动提取算法[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(9):1250-1255.
[11]袁庆,楼立志,陈玮娴.基于加权总体最小二乘的平面点云拟合方法[J].测绘通报,2011(3):1-3.
[12]张贤达.矩阵分析与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[13]NIEVERGELT Y.Total least squares:state-of-the-art regression in numerical analysis[J].SIAM Review,1994,36(2):258-264.
[14]叶珉吕,花向红,陈西江,等.基于正交整体最小二乘平面拟合的点云数据去噪方法研究[J].测绘通报,2013(11):37-39.
[15]中国建筑科学研究院.混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范:GB 50204-2002[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.