农村贫困地区小学生早餐现状
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摘要
目的了解农村贫困地区小学生早餐频率及食物摄入情况,为制定营养宣传教育和干预措施提供基础数据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取河北省平泉县等5个贫困农村县区15所小学的2 939名小学生为研究对象,问卷调查每周的早餐食用频率及主要食物的摄入情况。结果参加调查的小学生达不到每天吃早餐的比例为23.2%。早餐食用频率最高的食物是米面制品(66.6%),其次为奶类(35.6%)、蔬菜(33.3%)、肉/蛋/鱼类(29.5%)、豆类(27.7%)和水果(19.3%)。早餐营养质量差的小学生比例达到75.3%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,男生、四/五年级、云南地区、父母未在外打工的学生早餐食用频率相对较低;三/四年级、云南地区和住宿的学生早餐质量相对较差。结论我国贫困农村地区小学生每天吃早餐的频率较低,早餐营养质量差。建议对学生、家长和老师加强合理早餐的教育,改善学生的早餐摄入状况。
Objective To investigate the breakfast frequency and consumption among primary students in poor rural areas of China, and to provide basic information for developing nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods Randomized multi-stage clustering sampling method was used in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2 939 students from 15 primary schools in poor rural areas of five counties. Results The proportion of primary students reporting breakfast skipping was23. 2%. Grains( 66. 6%), followed by milk( 35. 6%), vegetables( 33. 3%), meat/eggs/fish( 29. 5%), beans( 27. 7%), and fruits( 19. 3%) were the most frequently eaten foods. About 75. 3% of primary students had poor breakfast nutrition quality. Logistic regression analysis showed that boys, students in grade 4 and 5, students from Yunnan Province, and those with parents not working at present had lower rate of breakfast habit; students in grade 3 and 4, from Yunnan Province, and those boarding school students had lower breakfast quality. Conclusion The frequency and quality of breakfast need further improvement among primary school students in poor rural areas of China. It is important to educate students and parents about the importance of eating breakfast.
Objective To investigate the breakfast frequency and consumption among primary students in poor rural areas of China, and to provide basic information for developing nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods Randomized multi-stage clustering sampling method was used in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2 939 students from 15 primary schools in poor rural areas of five counties. Results The proportion of primary students reporting breakfast skipping was23. 2%. Grains( 66. 6%), followed by milk( 35. 6%), vegetables( 33. 3%), meat/eggs/fish( 29. 5%), beans( 27. 7%), and fruits( 19. 3%) were the most frequently eaten foods. About 75. 3% of primary students had poor breakfast nutrition quality. Logistic regression analysis showed that boys, students in grade 4 and 5, students from Yunnan Province, and those with parents not working at present had lower rate of breakfast habit; students in grade 3 and 4, from Yunnan Province, and those boarding school students had lower breakfast quality. Conclusion The frequency and quality of breakfast need further improvement among primary school students in poor rural areas of China. It is important to educate students and parents about the importance of eating breakfast.
引文
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[12]徐海泉,张倩,李荔,等.农村义务教育营养改善计划寄宿生膳食行为及营养状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(12):1779-1782.
[13]方志峰,唐振柱,王启淳,等.广西贫困地区2010年寄宿制学校学生营养状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(2):205-206.
[14]廖文科,马冠生,胡小琪,等.我国农村寄宿制学校学生膳食营养状况[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(9):1025-1026.
[2]KIM S Y,SIM S,PARK B,et al.Dietary habits are associated with school performance in adolescents[J].Medicine,2016,95(12):3096.
[3]ADOLPHUS K,LAWTON C L,DYE L.The effects of breakfast on behavior and academic performance in children and adolescents[J].Front Hum Neurosci,2013,7(7):425.
[4]中国营养学会.中国学龄儿童膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:9.
[5]REUTRAKUL S,HOOD M M,CROWLEY S J,et al.The relationship between breakfast skipping,chronotype,and glycemic control in type 2diabetes[J].Chronobiol Int,2014,31(1):64-71.
[6]胡小琪,范轶欧,郝利楠,等.我国7城市中小学生早餐行为的调查[J].营养学报,2010,32(1):39-46.
[7]栾德春,王艳华,任时,等.辽宁省城乡小学生早餐行为调查[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(10):6.
[8]马冠生.儿童少年的饮食行为及影响因素[J].中国健康教育,2005,21(5):337-340.
[9]汤红梅,方红,丁克颖,等.上海市闵行区中小学生饮食行为及其影响因素[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(5):328-332.
[10]吴秀芳,刘沛.家庭因素对小学生营养知识,态度,行为的影响[J].江苏预防医学,2012,23(3):17-19.
[11]冯月明,梁新新,朱文丽,等.北京市丰台区小学生饮食行为现状及其家庭影响因素[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(1):37-39.
[12]徐海泉,张倩,李荔,等.农村义务教育营养改善计划寄宿生膳食行为及营养状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(12):1779-1782.
[13]方志峰,唐振柱,王启淳,等.广西贫困地区2010年寄宿制学校学生营养状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(2):205-206.
[14]廖文科,马冠生,胡小琪,等.我国农村寄宿制学校学生膳食营养状况[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(9):1025-1026.