2种蜂对黄沙白柚的访花行为及授粉效果研究
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摘要
【目的】评价意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica(简称"意蜂")及中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana(简称"中蜂")对黄沙白柚Citrus maxima(Burm) Merr. cv. huangsha Yu的访花行为及授粉效果。【方法】于重庆市垫江县开展2种蜂对黄沙白柚的访花行为及授粉效果试验,比较2种蜂访问黄沙白柚花朵的行为及其与环境因素和花朵泌蜜规律的相关性,并评价意蜂与中蜂授粉对黄沙白柚座果率、产量及果实品质的影响。【结果】意蜂与中蜂访问黄沙白柚花朵的数量呈先上升后下降的趋势,在13:00-17:00时间段中蜂访问黄沙白柚花朵的数量显著高于意蜂(P<0.05),但意蜂的单花访问时间显著高于中蜂(P<0.05);意蜂访问黄沙白柚花朵的数量受花朵泌蜜量和光照显著影响(P<0.05),中蜂的访花数量受花蜜糖浓度和光照显著影响(P<0.05)。经意蜂与中蜂授粉的黄沙白柚果实座果率、单果重、果型及果实品质显著高于自花授粉组(P<0.05),且意蜂授粉组的座果率及2种蜂授粉组的总糖含量和糖酸比均显著高于人工授粉组(P<0.05);意蜂授粉组和中蜂授粉组总果重无显著差异(P>0.05),但意蜂授粉组显著高于人工授粉组与自花授粉组(P<0.05);与中蜂授粉相比,意蜂授粉能够显著提高黄沙白柚的果实座果率。【结论】综合比较2种蜂对黄沙白柚的访花行为及授粉效果,黄沙白柚可采用蜜蜂授粉代替人工授粉,且意蜂授粉效果更好。
【Objective】 This paper aimed to evaluate the foraging behavior and pollination effect of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana on Citrus maxima(Burm) Merr. cv. Huangsha Yu. 【Method】Foraging behavior and pollination experiments in Dianjiang, Chongqing were conducted to compare the foraging behaviors of A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana and respectively estimate their set-percentage, yield and quality of pomelo. 【Result】 The numbers of A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana visiting pomelo flowers initially increased and then showed a decline, and during 13:00-17:00, A. cerana cerana visited pomelo flowers more often than A. mellifera ligustica(P<0.05); but the visiting time per flower of A. mellifera ligustica was significantly higher than that of A. cerana cerana(P<0.05); Visiting frequencies of A. mellifera ligustica was affected by illumination and nectar weight notably(P<0.05), and A. cerana cerana was affected by illumination and nectar sugar content(P<0.05). Set percentage, yield and quality of pomelo pollinated by A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana were higher than that of self-pollination(P<0.05). Compared with the artificial pollination, A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana pollination significantly increased the content of sugar and sugar content/titratable acidity of fruit(P<0.05), and A. mellifera ligustica developed the set percentage and yield(P<0.05). The set percentage of A. mellifera ligustica pollination group was also higher than A. cerana cerana(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Based on the results of foraging behavior and pollination effect tests, we suggested that honeybee pollination was better than artificial pollination for Citrus maxima(Burm) Merr. cv. Huangsha Yu, and A. mellifera ligustica was more benefit than A. cerana cerana.
【Objective】 This paper aimed to evaluate the foraging behavior and pollination effect of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana on Citrus maxima(Burm) Merr. cv. Huangsha Yu. 【Method】Foraging behavior and pollination experiments in Dianjiang, Chongqing were conducted to compare the foraging behaviors of A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana and respectively estimate their set-percentage, yield and quality of pomelo. 【Result】 The numbers of A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana visiting pomelo flowers initially increased and then showed a decline, and during 13:00-17:00, A. cerana cerana visited pomelo flowers more often than A. mellifera ligustica(P<0.05); but the visiting time per flower of A. mellifera ligustica was significantly higher than that of A. cerana cerana(P<0.05); Visiting frequencies of A. mellifera ligustica was affected by illumination and nectar weight notably(P<0.05), and A. cerana cerana was affected by illumination and nectar sugar content(P<0.05). Set percentage, yield and quality of pomelo pollinated by A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana were higher than that of self-pollination(P<0.05). Compared with the artificial pollination, A. mellifera ligustica and A. cerana cerana pollination significantly increased the content of sugar and sugar content/titratable acidity of fruit(P<0.05), and A. mellifera ligustica developed the set percentage and yield(P<0.05). The set percentage of A. mellifera ligustica pollination group was also higher than A. cerana cerana(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Based on the results of foraging behavior and pollination effect tests, we suggested that honeybee pollination was better than artificial pollination for Citrus maxima(Burm) Merr. cv. Huangsha Yu, and A. mellifera ligustica was more benefit than A. cerana cerana.
引文
[1]谢明权,陈勇,夏泽红,等.垫江白柚授粉品种筛选试验[J].南方园艺,2006,34(4):26-34.
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[3]刘凤萍.垫江白柚授粉品种筛选试验初报[J].南方农业,2008,2(5):15-16.
[4]谢明权,程昌凤,郭启高,等.垫江白柚花粉萌发的试验研究[J].中国南方果树,2009,38(3):31-32.
[5]Klein A M,Steffan-Dewenter I,Tscharntke T.Bee pollination and fruit set of Coffea arabica and C-canephora (Rubiaceae)[J].American Journal of Botany,2003,90(1):153-157.
[6]Klein A M,Vaissiere B E,Cane J H,et al.Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences,2007,274(1608):303-313.
[7]安建东,陈文锋.中国水果和蔬菜昆虫授粉的经济价值评估[J].昆虫学报,2011,54(4):443-450.
[8]李江红.影响蜜蜂为农作物授粉效能的因素分析[J].农学学报,2015,5(9):104-109.
[9]Winfree R,Gross B J,Kremen C.Valuing pollination services to agriculture[J].Ecological Economics,2011,71(1):80-88.
[10]陈盛禄.中国蜜蜂学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:543-544.
[11]罗建能.中华蜜蜂与意大利蜜蜂温室授粉行为与效果的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[12]罗术东,王彪,褚忠桥,等.不同蜂为设施辣椒授粉的授粉效果比较[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(2):381-386.
[13]杨甫,王凤鹤,徐希莲.明亮熊蜂·中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂为温室草莓授粉的行为观察[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(20):10711-10713.
[14]解文飞,余林生,纪鸿,等.意大利蜜蜂和中华蜜蜂在温室内传粉行为的比较[J].蜜蜂杂志,2009,29(1):11-13.
[15]苏晓玲,华启云,陈伊凡,等.中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂夏季高温下为长季节栽培设施西瓜授粉行为观察[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(1):104-110.
[16]Braford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72:248-254.
[17]Hill P S M,Hollis J,Wells H.Foraging decisions in nectarivores:unexpected interactions between flower constancy and energetic rewards[J].Animal Behaviour,2001,62(4):729-737.
[18]Thomson J D,Maddison W P,Plowright R C.Behavior of bumble bee pollinators of Aralia hispida Vent (Araliaceae)[J].Oecologia,1982,54(3):326-336.
[19]Javorek S K,Mackenzie K E,Vander-Kloet S P.Comparative pollination effectiveness among bees (Hymenoptera:Apoidea) on lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae:Vaccinium angustifolium)[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,2002,95(3):345-351.
[20]Kearns C A,Inouye D W,Waser N M.Endangered mutualisms:the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1998,29(1):83-112.
[21]Memmott J,Craze P G,Waser N M,et al.Global warming and the disruption of plant-pollinator interactions[J].Ecology Letters,2007,10(8):710-717.
[2]黄兴龙.垫江白柚生产现状及对策[J].科技资讯,2010(15):159.
[3]刘凤萍.垫江白柚授粉品种筛选试验初报[J].南方农业,2008,2(5):15-16.
[4]谢明权,程昌凤,郭启高,等.垫江白柚花粉萌发的试验研究[J].中国南方果树,2009,38(3):31-32.
[5]Klein A M,Steffan-Dewenter I,Tscharntke T.Bee pollination and fruit set of Coffea arabica and C-canephora (Rubiaceae)[J].American Journal of Botany,2003,90(1):153-157.
[6]Klein A M,Vaissiere B E,Cane J H,et al.Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences,2007,274(1608):303-313.
[7]安建东,陈文锋.中国水果和蔬菜昆虫授粉的经济价值评估[J].昆虫学报,2011,54(4):443-450.
[8]李江红.影响蜜蜂为农作物授粉效能的因素分析[J].农学学报,2015,5(9):104-109.
[9]Winfree R,Gross B J,Kremen C.Valuing pollination services to agriculture[J].Ecological Economics,2011,71(1):80-88.
[10]陈盛禄.中国蜜蜂学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:543-544.
[11]罗建能.中华蜜蜂与意大利蜜蜂温室授粉行为与效果的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[12]罗术东,王彪,褚忠桥,等.不同蜂为设施辣椒授粉的授粉效果比较[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(2):381-386.
[13]杨甫,王凤鹤,徐希莲.明亮熊蜂·中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂为温室草莓授粉的行为观察[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(20):10711-10713.
[14]解文飞,余林生,纪鸿,等.意大利蜜蜂和中华蜜蜂在温室内传粉行为的比较[J].蜜蜂杂志,2009,29(1):11-13.
[15]苏晓玲,华启云,陈伊凡,等.中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂夏季高温下为长季节栽培设施西瓜授粉行为观察[J].环境昆虫学报,2017,39(1):104-110.
[16]Braford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72:248-254.
[17]Hill P S M,Hollis J,Wells H.Foraging decisions in nectarivores:unexpected interactions between flower constancy and energetic rewards[J].Animal Behaviour,2001,62(4):729-737.
[18]Thomson J D,Maddison W P,Plowright R C.Behavior of bumble bee pollinators of Aralia hispida Vent (Araliaceae)[J].Oecologia,1982,54(3):326-336.
[19]Javorek S K,Mackenzie K E,Vander-Kloet S P.Comparative pollination effectiveness among bees (Hymenoptera:Apoidea) on lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae:Vaccinium angustifolium)[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,2002,95(3):345-351.
[20]Kearns C A,Inouye D W,Waser N M.Endangered mutualisms:the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1998,29(1):83-112.
[21]Memmott J,Craze P G,Waser N M,et al.Global warming and the disruption of plant-pollinator interactions[J].Ecology Letters,2007,10(8):710-717.