湖南省中华绒螯蟹中砷、铅、汞、镉、铬检测结果分析
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摘要
目的对湖南省三大湖区养殖的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的砷、铅、汞、镉、铬污染状况及其在蟹肉、蟹黄、蟹鳃的含量分布情况进行分析评价。方法利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅、镉、铬;液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定无机砷;原子荧光光谱法测定汞。采用单项污染指数和综合污染指数法的评价模式,根据GB 2762—2017 《食品中污染物限量》中规定的水产品中有毒有害物质限量进行食用安全性评价。结果共检测24份样品,其中砷、铅、汞、镉、铬的检出率分别为33.4%、75.9%、100.0%、100.0%、100.0%。结论湖南省三大湖区养殖的中华绒螯蟹的无机砷、铅、汞、镉、铬的测定值均低于国家相关限量标准,处于清洁级。5种重金属在三大湖区的分布无明显的地域特征,蟹黄中和蟹鳃中镉的富集明显高于蟹肉。
Objective To study the pollution of inorganic arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium in Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) farmed in the three lakes of Hu'nan Province, the contents and distribution of the elements in crab muscle, roe and gill were analyzed and evaluated. Methods Lead, cadmium and chromium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inorganic arsenic was determined by liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry and mercury was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Using single pollution exponent and comprehensive pollution exponent method, safety evaluation was carried out according to the national standard of GB 2762—2017 Pollutant Limits in Food. Results Twenty-four samples were tested. The detection rates of inorganic arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium were 33.4%, 75.9%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusion The contents of inorganic arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium of the crab cultured in the three lakes of Hu'nan Province were all below the relevant limits of national standard and all the crabs belonged to the clean level. There are no obvious regional features of the five heavy metals in the three lakes regions, and the enrichment of cadmium in crab roe and gill is remarkably higher than that of muscle.
Objective To study the pollution of inorganic arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium in Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) farmed in the three lakes of Hu'nan Province, the contents and distribution of the elements in crab muscle, roe and gill were analyzed and evaluated. Methods Lead, cadmium and chromium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inorganic arsenic was determined by liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry and mercury was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Using single pollution exponent and comprehensive pollution exponent method, safety evaluation was carried out according to the national standard of GB 2762—2017 Pollutant Limits in Food. Results Twenty-four samples were tested. The detection rates of inorganic arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium were 33.4%, 75.9%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusion The contents of inorganic arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium of the crab cultured in the three lakes of Hu'nan Province were all below the relevant limits of national standard and all the crabs belonged to the clean level. There are no obvious regional features of the five heavy metals in the three lakes regions, and the enrichment of cadmium in crab roe and gill is remarkably higher than that of muscle.
引文
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[3] 张罗娟,张淼,袁信.我国水产品体内重金属含量的研究现状[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(21):212-215.
[4] 程国霞,郭蓉,王彩霞.陕西省市售水产品中重金属污染状况及安全评价[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2016,26(22):3313-3316.
[5] 黄家钿,周碧红,石予白.浙江省部分沿海地区海产品中铅、砷、镉、汞的污染调查[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(16):2786-2788.
[6] 何耀辉,张雁,沈小芳.2011年-2013年食品中重金属污染监测分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2014,24(14):2096-2098.
[7] 颜治,王丙涛,丁晶.深圳市售叶类蔬菜中五种重金属污染调查及评价[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2013,23(9):2162-2164.
[8] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB 5009—2016食品卫生检验方法理化标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[9] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 2762—2017 食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[10] 国家海洋局.海洋生物质量监测技术规程[Z].2002-04.
[11] 杨妙峰.福安白马巷海水、沉积物及水产生物体内重金属含量分布[J].福建水产,2006(4):27-31.
[12] Serpe EP,Russo R,Gallo P,et al.Method for speciation of organoarsenic in mussels by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and QTRAP tandem mass spectrometry[J].J Food Protect,2013,76 (7):1293-1299.
[13] Fuchsman PC,Brown LE,Henning MH,et al.Toxicity reference values for methyl mercury effects on avian reproduction:Critical review and analysis[J].Environ Toxicol Chem,2017,36(2):294-319.
[14] 陈海仟,张美琴,吴光红,等.中华绒螯蟹对铅和镉的富集与释放特性[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(4):828-835.
[15] 王克行.虾蟹类增养殖学[M].青岛:中国农业出版社,1996:14.