盐碱胁迫对滴灌加工番茄生理生长和干物质积累的影响
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摘要
为探讨盐碱胁迫对加工番茄生理生长和和干物质积累的影响,采用桶栽试验方法,人工配制不同盐碱程度的土壤(CK:1.5g/kg,S1:4g/kg,S2:7g/kg,S3:10g/kg),研究滴灌条件盐碱胁迫下加工番茄生长指标、生理指标、干物质积累和产量的变化规律。结果表明:S1处理对加工番茄的生长指标、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效率及叶绿素含量均有一定程度的促进作用,但与CK处理无显著性差异(P>0.05);S2与S3处理对以上指标均有一定的抑制性,最小值均出现在S3处理,但在生育后期,S2与S3这2个高盐碱处理下,加工番茄的气孔限制值降低,普遍低于S1与CK处理(P<0.01),说明在生育后期高盐碱胁迫下加工番茄光合能力的下降主要是由高盐碱胁迫导致叶片气孔关闭的非气孔限制因素造成的;S1处理使加工番茄增产2.1%,而S2与S3处理因抑制加工番茄生长,使其分别减产18.7%和65.4%;果实膨大一期是加工番茄生长发育的一个非常重要时期,此时,加工番茄长势迅速,干物质积累加快,达到全生育期的最大值。研究结果为新疆盐碱地加工番茄栽培管理技术提供理论依据。
In order to investigate the effects of salt and alkali stress on growth and dry matter accumulation of processing tomato,different salt content soils(CK:1.5g/kg,S1:4g/kg,S2:7g/kg and S3:10g/kg)were prepared by barrel planting test,the growth index,physiological index,dry matter accumulation and yield of processing tomato under saline alkali stress and drip irrigation condition were studied.The results show that the treatment of S1 promoted the growth index,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,leaf water use efficiency and chlorophyll content of processing tomato,but there was no significant difference between this treatment and CK(P>0.05).S2 and S3treatments had a certain degree of inhibition on the above indicators,most of the maximum or minimum values appeared in S3 treatment,however,at the later growth stage,the stomatal limitation values of processing tomato decreased in the high salinity treatments of S2 and S3,which were generally lower than those of S1 and CK treatments(P<0.01),indicating that the decline of photosynthetic capacity of processing tomato under high saline alkali stress at the later growth stage was mainly caused by the stomatal closure of the leaves,and which was caused by high saline alkali stress.S1 treatment increased the yield of processing tomato by 2.1%,while S2 and S3treatments reduced the growth of processing tomato by 18.7%and 65.4%respectively.The first stage of fruit expansion was a very important period for the growth and development of processing tomato.At this stage,the processing tomato grew rapidly and the accumulation rate of dry matter was accelerated,reaching the maximum value of the whole growth period.The research results could provide theoretical basis for cultivation andmanagement techniques of processing tomato in saline alkali soil of Xinjiang.
In order to investigate the effects of salt and alkali stress on growth and dry matter accumulation of processing tomato,different salt content soils(CK:1.5g/kg,S1:4g/kg,S2:7g/kg and S3:10g/kg)were prepared by barrel planting test,the growth index,physiological index,dry matter accumulation and yield of processing tomato under saline alkali stress and drip irrigation condition were studied.The results show that the treatment of S1 promoted the growth index,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,leaf water use efficiency and chlorophyll content of processing tomato,but there was no significant difference between this treatment and CK(P>0.05).S2 and S3treatments had a certain degree of inhibition on the above indicators,most of the maximum or minimum values appeared in S3 treatment,however,at the later growth stage,the stomatal limitation values of processing tomato decreased in the high salinity treatments of S2 and S3,which were generally lower than those of S1 and CK treatments(P<0.01),indicating that the decline of photosynthetic capacity of processing tomato under high saline alkali stress at the later growth stage was mainly caused by the stomatal closure of the leaves,and which was caused by high saline alkali stress.S1 treatment increased the yield of processing tomato by 2.1%,while S2 and S3treatments reduced the growth of processing tomato by 18.7%and 65.4%respectively.The first stage of fruit expansion was a very important period for the growth and development of processing tomato.At this stage,the processing tomato grew rapidly and the accumulation rate of dry matter was accelerated,reaching the maximum value of the whole growth period.The research results could provide theoretical basis for cultivation andmanagement techniques of processing tomato in saline alkali soil of Xinjiang.
引文
[1]张喜洋.盐碱土壤胁迫对菊芋萌芽块茎的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
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[6]杨凤军,李天来,藏忠娟.等渗NaCl干旱胁迫对番茄幼苗光合特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2588-2596.
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[10]汤明尧,张炎,胡伟,等.不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1238-1245.
[11] Bielinis E,Józ′wiak W,Robakowski P.Modelling of the relationship between the SPAD values and photosynthetic pigments content in Quercus petraea and Prunus serotina leaves.[J].Dendrobiology,2015,73:125-134.
[12]朱延凯,王振华,李文昊.不同盐胁迫对滴灌棉花生理生长及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):298-305.
[13]万梦丹,刘小刚,徐航,等.不同灌水和光强条件下小粒咖啡叶片光响应及光合生理特征[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(9):795-803.
[14]张芬,张波,田丽萍,等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片光合特性及叶绿素和β-胡萝卜素含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(11):15-20.
[15]刘浩,左青松,刘婧怡,等.盐分浓度对油菜干物质积累分配、农艺性状及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(22):19-23.
[2]谷海斌,盛建东,武红旗,等.灌区尺度土壤盐渍化调查与评价:以石河子灌区和玛纳斯灌区为例[J].新疆农业大学学报,2010,32(2):95-100.
[3]陈玉姬,王伟,李烨,等.加工番茄幼苗品种间的耐盐性比较研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2012,35(6):457-462.
[4]姜淼.番茄盐胁迫下的生理生化特性及耐盐性QTL定位[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[5]冯棣,张俊鹏,孙池涛,等.不同生育阶段盐分胁迫对棉花生长和水分生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1195-1199.
[6]杨凤军,李天来,藏忠娟.等渗NaCl干旱胁迫对番茄幼苗光合特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2588-2596.
[7]刘胜尧,范凤翠,李志宏,等.咸水负压渗灌对番茄生长和土壤盐分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(22):108-117.
[8] Campos C A B,Dantas F P,Raj G H,et al.Yield and fruit quality of industrial tomato under saline irrigation[J].Scientia Agricola,2006,63(2):146-52.
[9]陈秀香,马富裕,方志刚,等.土壤水分含量对加工番茄产量和品质影响的研究[J].节水灌溉,2006(4):1-4.
[10]汤明尧,张炎,胡伟,等.不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1238-1245.
[11] Bielinis E,Józ′wiak W,Robakowski P.Modelling of the relationship between the SPAD values and photosynthetic pigments content in Quercus petraea and Prunus serotina leaves.[J].Dendrobiology,2015,73:125-134.
[12]朱延凯,王振华,李文昊.不同盐胁迫对滴灌棉花生理生长及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):298-305.
[13]万梦丹,刘小刚,徐航,等.不同灌水和光强条件下小粒咖啡叶片光响应及光合生理特征[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(9):795-803.
[14]张芬,张波,田丽萍,等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片光合特性及叶绿素和β-胡萝卜素含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(11):15-20.
[15]刘浩,左青松,刘婧怡,等.盐分浓度对油菜干物质积累分配、农艺性状及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(22):19-23.