基于受激布里渊散射效应的硫系玻璃光器件研究进展
|
摘要
硫系玻璃具有较宽的红外透过范围及极高的线性和非线性折射率。综述了基于受激布里渊散射效应的硫系玻璃光器件研究进展,以及硫系光纤和波导器件在布里渊激光器、慢光产生和微波光子滤波器等领域的应用现状,指出了研究中存在的问题,并展望了其发展前景。
Chalcogenide glasses(ChGs)have a very wide range of infrared transmittance,extremely high linear and nonlinear refractive index.In this article,research progress on ChG photonic devices based on stimulated Brillouin scattering is reviewed,as well as applications of ChG fibers and waveguides in Brillouin fibers lasers,slow light generation,and microwave photonic filters.Moreover,current problems are summarized,and their potential developments are discussed.
Chalcogenide glasses(ChGs)have a very wide range of infrared transmittance,extremely high linear and nonlinear refractive index.In this article,research progress on ChG photonic devices based on stimulated Brillouin scattering is reviewed,as well as applications of ChG fibers and waveguides in Brillouin fibers lasers,slow light generation,and microwave photonic filters.Moreover,current problems are summarized,and their potential developments are discussed.
引文
[1]Agrawal G P.Nonlinear fiber optics[J].Cambridge:Academic Press,2007.
[2]Ippen E P, Stolen R H. Stimulated Brillouinscattering in optical fibers[J]. Applied PhysicsLetters,1972,21(11):539-541.
[3]Smith R G.Optical power handling capacity of lowloss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Ramanand Brillouin scattering[J].Applied Optics,1972,11(11):2489-2494.
[4]Tkach R W, Chraplyvy A R, Derosier R M.Spontaneous Brillouin scattering for single-modeoptical-fibre characterisation[J].Electronics Letters,1986,22(19):1011-1013.
[5]Ferreira M F. Impact of stimulated Brillouinscattering in optical fibers with distributed gain[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1995,13(8):1692-1697.
[6]Yeniay A,Delavaux J M,Toulouse J.Spontaneousand stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra inoptical fibers[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2002,20(8):1425-1432.
[7]Mountfort F H, Yoo S,Boyland A J,et al.Temperature effect on the Brillouin gain spectra ofhighly doped aluminosilicate fibers[C]∥Conferenceon Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12thEuropean Quantum Electronics Conference,2011:CE_P23.
[8]Levy S,Lyubin V,Klebanov M,et al.StimulatedBrillouin scattering amplification in centimeter-longdirectly written chalcogenide waveguides[J].OpticsLetters,2012,37(24):5112-5114.
[9]Kobyakov A,Sauer M,Chowdhury D.StimulatedBrillouin scattering in optical fibers[J].Advances inOptics and Photonics,2010,2(1):1-59.
[10]Shen Y C,Song M P,Zhang X M,et al.Analysisand measurement of stimulated Brillouin scatteringthreshold in single mode fiber[J].Chinese Journal ofLasers,2005,32(4):497-500.沈一春,宋牟平,章献民,等.单模光纤中受激布里渊散射阈值研究[J].中国激光,2005,32(4):497-500.
[11]Chraplyvy A R. Limitations on lightwavecommunications imposed by optical-fibernonlinearities[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1990,8(10):1548-1557.
[12]Hu K,Kabakova I V,Büttner T F S,et al.Low-threshold Brillouin laser at 2μm based on suspended-core chalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(16):4651-4654.
[13]Geng J H,Staines S,Wang Z L,et al.Highly stablelow-noise Brillouin fiber laser with ultranarrowspectral linewidth[J].IEEE Photonics TechnologyLetters,2006,18(17):1813-1815.
[14]Philippov V,Codemard C,Jeong Y,et al.High-energy in-fiber pulse amplification for coherent lidarapplications[J].Optics Letters,2004,29(22):2590-2592.
[15]Zhan L,Gu Z C,Xing L,et al.Advances of fiberBrillouin lasers and amplifiers and their applications[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2010,37(4):901-911.詹黎,顾照昶,邢亮,等.光纤布里渊激光器和放大器的研究进展及其应用[J].中国激光,2010,37(4):901-911.
[16]Song K Y,Abedin K S,Hotate K,et al.Highlyefficient Brillouin slow and fast light using As2Se3chalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Express,2006,14(13):5860-5865.
[17]Marpaung D,Morrison B,Pagani M,et al.Low-power,chip-based stimulated Brillouin scatteringmicrowave photonic filter with ultrahigh selectivity[J].Optica,2015,2(2):76-83.
[18]Wei W,Yi L L,Jaoun Y,et al.Bandwidth-tunablenarrowband rectangular optical filter based onstimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber[J].Optics Express,2014,22(19):23249-23260.
[19]Korb C L,Gentry B M,Li S X,et al.Theory of thedouble-edge technique for Doppler lidar windmeasurement[J].Applied Optics,1998,37(15):3097-3104.
[20]Chin S,Thévenaz L,Sancho J,et al.Broadbandtrue time delay for microwave signal processing,using slow light based on stimulated Brillouinscattering in optical fibers[J].Optics Express,2010,18(21):22599-22613.
[21]Thielen P A,Shaw L B,Pureza P C,et al.Small-core As-Se fiber for Raman amplification[J].OpticsLetters,2003,28(16):1406-1408.
[22]Abedin K S. Observation of strong stimulatedBrillouin scattering in single-mode As2Se3chalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Express,2005,13(25):10266-10271.
[23]Abedin K S.Single-frequency Brillouin lasing usingsingle-mode As2Se3 chalcogenide fiber[J].OpticsExpress,2006,14(9):4037-4042.
[24]Wang Z B,Shao B B,Zhang L,et al.Analysis andmeasurement of stimulated Brillouin scatteringthreshold in fiber[J].Laser &OptoelectronicsProgress,2011,48(9):090603.王振宝,邵碧波,张磊,等.光纤受激布里渊散射阈值分析与实验研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2011,48(9):090603.
[25]Abedin K S.Stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode tellurite glass fiber[J].Optics Express,2006,14(24):11766-11772.
[26]Florea C, Bashkansky M, Dutton Z,et al.Stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode As2S3and As2Se3chalcogenide fibers[J].Optics Express,2006,14(25):12063-12070.
[27]Ahmad H,Shahi S,Harun S W.Bismuth-basederbium-doped fiber as a gain medium for L-bandamplification and Brillouin fiber laser[J].LaserPhysics,2010,20(3):716-719.
[28]Ogusu K, Li H P, Kitao M. Brillouin-gaincoefficients of chalcogenide glasses[J].Journal of theOptical Society of America B,2004,21(7):1302-1304.
[29]Sonehara T, Kaminaga H, Tatsu E,et al.Frequency-modulated stimulated Brillouinspectroscopy in high-refractive-index glasses[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008,354(15/16):1768-1773.
[30]Beugnot J C, Ahmad R, Rochette M,et al.Reduction and control of stimulated Brillouinscattering in polymer-coated chalcogenide opticalmicrowires[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(3):482-485.
[31]Fortier C,Fatome J,Pitois S,et al.Experimentalinvestigation of Brillouin and Raman scattering in a2SG sulfide glass microstructured chalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Express,2008,16(13):9398-9404.
[32]Tow K H,Léguillon Y,Besnard P,et al.Brillouinfiber laser using As38Se62suspended-core chalcogenidefiber[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2012,8426:842611.
[33]Cherif R,Salem A B,Zghal M.Full modal analysisof the stimulated Brillouin scattering in As2Se3chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber[J].Proceedings ofSPIE,2011,8073:80732R.
[34]Abidi I,Cherif R,Zghal M.Enhanced stimulatedBrillouin scattering in chalcogenide elliptical photoniccrystal fibres[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2015,9347:934719.
[35]Chen X,Xia L,Li W,et al.Simulation of Brillouingain properties in a double-clad As2Se3chalcogenidephotonic crystal fiber[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2017,15(4):042901.
[36]Xu Q,Gao W Q,Li X,et al.Investigation onoptical and acoustic fields of stimulated Brillouinscattering in As2S3 suspended-core microstructuredoptical fibers[J].Optik,2017,133:51-59.
[37]Cheng T L,Liao M S,Gao W Q,et al.Suppressionof stimulated Brillouin scattering in all-solidchalcogenide-tellurite photonic bandgap fiber[J].Optics Express,2012,20(27):28846-28854.
[38]Tow K H,Léguillon Y,Besnard P,et al.Relativeintensity noise and frequency noise of a compactBrillouin laser made of As3 8Se6 2 suspended-corechalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(7):1157-1159.
[39]Tow K H,Leguillon Y,Fresnel S,et al.Towardmore coherent sources using a microstructuredchalcogenide brillouin fiber laser[J].IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters,2013,25(3):238-241.
[40]Florea C,Bashkansky M,Sanghera J,et al.Slow-light generation through Brillouin scattering in As2S3fibers[J].Optical Materials,2009,32(2):358-361.
[41]Sinha R K,Kumar A,Saini T S.Analysis and designof single-mode As2Se3-chalcogenide photonic crystalfiber for generation of slow light with tunable features[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in QuantumElectronics,2016,22(2):4900706.
[42]Büttner T F S,Kabakova I V,Hudson D D,et al.Phase-locking and pulse generation in multi-frequencybrillouin oscillator via four wave mixing[J].ScientificReports,2015,4:5032.
[43]Pant R,Poulton C G,Choi D Y,et al.On-chipstimulated Brillouin scattering[J].Optics Express,2011,19(9):8285-8290.
[44]Pant R,Li E,Choi D Y,et al.Cavity enhancedstimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical chip formultiorder Stokes generation[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(18):3687-3689.
[45]Kabakova I V,Pant R,Choi D Y,et al.Narrowlinewidth Brillouin laser based on chalcogenidephotonic chip[J].Optics Letters,2013,38(17):3208-3211.
[46]Büttner T F S,Merklein M,Kabakova I V,et al.Phase-locked, chip-based, cascaded stimulatedBrillouin scattering[J].Optica,2014,1(5):311-314.
[47]Pant R,Marpaung D,Kabakova I V,et al.On-chipstimulated Brillouin Scattering for microwave signalprocessing and generation[J].Laser &PhotonicsReviews,2014,8(5):653-666.
[48]Merklein M,Casas-Bedoya A,Marpaung D,et al.Stimulated brillouin scattering in photonic integratedcircuits:novel applications and devices[J].IEEEJournal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2016,22(2):6100111.
[49]Yi L L, Wei W,Jaouen Y,et al.Polarization-independent rectangular microwave photonic filterbased on stimulated Brillouin scattering[J].Journalof Lightwave Technology,2016,34(2):669-675.
[50]Zhang W W,Minasian R A.Widely tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter based onstimulated Brillouin scattering[J].IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters,2011,23(23):1775-1777.
[51]Xing C,Ke C J,Zhang K,et al.Polarization-andwavelength-independent SBS-based filters for highresolution optical spectrum measurement[J].OpticsExpress,2017,25(18):20969-20982.
[52]Byrnes A,Pant R,Li E B,et al.Photonic chipbased tunable and reconfigurable narrowbandmicrowave photonic filter using stimulated Brillouinscattering[J]. Optics Express,2012,20(17):18836-18845.
[53]Morrison B,Marpaung D,Pant R,et al.Tunablemicrowave photonic notch filter using on-chipstimulated Brillouin scattering[J]. OpticsCommunications,2014,313:85-89.
[2]Ippen E P, Stolen R H. Stimulated Brillouinscattering in optical fibers[J]. Applied PhysicsLetters,1972,21(11):539-541.
[3]Smith R G.Optical power handling capacity of lowloss optical fibers as determined by stimulated Ramanand Brillouin scattering[J].Applied Optics,1972,11(11):2489-2494.
[4]Tkach R W, Chraplyvy A R, Derosier R M.Spontaneous Brillouin scattering for single-modeoptical-fibre characterisation[J].Electronics Letters,1986,22(19):1011-1013.
[5]Ferreira M F. Impact of stimulated Brillouinscattering in optical fibers with distributed gain[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1995,13(8):1692-1697.
[6]Yeniay A,Delavaux J M,Toulouse J.Spontaneousand stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectra inoptical fibers[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2002,20(8):1425-1432.
[7]Mountfort F H, Yoo S,Boyland A J,et al.Temperature effect on the Brillouin gain spectra ofhighly doped aluminosilicate fibers[C]∥Conferenceon Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12thEuropean Quantum Electronics Conference,2011:CE_P23.
[8]Levy S,Lyubin V,Klebanov M,et al.StimulatedBrillouin scattering amplification in centimeter-longdirectly written chalcogenide waveguides[J].OpticsLetters,2012,37(24):5112-5114.
[9]Kobyakov A,Sauer M,Chowdhury D.StimulatedBrillouin scattering in optical fibers[J].Advances inOptics and Photonics,2010,2(1):1-59.
[10]Shen Y C,Song M P,Zhang X M,et al.Analysisand measurement of stimulated Brillouin scatteringthreshold in single mode fiber[J].Chinese Journal ofLasers,2005,32(4):497-500.沈一春,宋牟平,章献民,等.单模光纤中受激布里渊散射阈值研究[J].中国激光,2005,32(4):497-500.
[11]Chraplyvy A R. Limitations on lightwavecommunications imposed by optical-fibernonlinearities[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1990,8(10):1548-1557.
[12]Hu K,Kabakova I V,Büttner T F S,et al.Low-threshold Brillouin laser at 2μm based on suspended-core chalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(16):4651-4654.
[13]Geng J H,Staines S,Wang Z L,et al.Highly stablelow-noise Brillouin fiber laser with ultranarrowspectral linewidth[J].IEEE Photonics TechnologyLetters,2006,18(17):1813-1815.
[14]Philippov V,Codemard C,Jeong Y,et al.High-energy in-fiber pulse amplification for coherent lidarapplications[J].Optics Letters,2004,29(22):2590-2592.
[15]Zhan L,Gu Z C,Xing L,et al.Advances of fiberBrillouin lasers and amplifiers and their applications[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2010,37(4):901-911.詹黎,顾照昶,邢亮,等.光纤布里渊激光器和放大器的研究进展及其应用[J].中国激光,2010,37(4):901-911.
[16]Song K Y,Abedin K S,Hotate K,et al.Highlyefficient Brillouin slow and fast light using As2Se3chalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Express,2006,14(13):5860-5865.
[17]Marpaung D,Morrison B,Pagani M,et al.Low-power,chip-based stimulated Brillouin scatteringmicrowave photonic filter with ultrahigh selectivity[J].Optica,2015,2(2):76-83.
[18]Wei W,Yi L L,Jaoun Y,et al.Bandwidth-tunablenarrowband rectangular optical filter based onstimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber[J].Optics Express,2014,22(19):23249-23260.
[19]Korb C L,Gentry B M,Li S X,et al.Theory of thedouble-edge technique for Doppler lidar windmeasurement[J].Applied Optics,1998,37(15):3097-3104.
[20]Chin S,Thévenaz L,Sancho J,et al.Broadbandtrue time delay for microwave signal processing,using slow light based on stimulated Brillouinscattering in optical fibers[J].Optics Express,2010,18(21):22599-22613.
[21]Thielen P A,Shaw L B,Pureza P C,et al.Small-core As-Se fiber for Raman amplification[J].OpticsLetters,2003,28(16):1406-1408.
[22]Abedin K S. Observation of strong stimulatedBrillouin scattering in single-mode As2Se3chalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Express,2005,13(25):10266-10271.
[23]Abedin K S.Single-frequency Brillouin lasing usingsingle-mode As2Se3 chalcogenide fiber[J].OpticsExpress,2006,14(9):4037-4042.
[24]Wang Z B,Shao B B,Zhang L,et al.Analysis andmeasurement of stimulated Brillouin scatteringthreshold in fiber[J].Laser &OptoelectronicsProgress,2011,48(9):090603.王振宝,邵碧波,张磊,等.光纤受激布里渊散射阈值分析与实验研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2011,48(9):090603.
[25]Abedin K S.Stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode tellurite glass fiber[J].Optics Express,2006,14(24):11766-11772.
[26]Florea C, Bashkansky M, Dutton Z,et al.Stimulated Brillouin scattering in single-mode As2S3and As2Se3chalcogenide fibers[J].Optics Express,2006,14(25):12063-12070.
[27]Ahmad H,Shahi S,Harun S W.Bismuth-basederbium-doped fiber as a gain medium for L-bandamplification and Brillouin fiber laser[J].LaserPhysics,2010,20(3):716-719.
[28]Ogusu K, Li H P, Kitao M. Brillouin-gaincoefficients of chalcogenide glasses[J].Journal of theOptical Society of America B,2004,21(7):1302-1304.
[29]Sonehara T, Kaminaga H, Tatsu E,et al.Frequency-modulated stimulated Brillouinspectroscopy in high-refractive-index glasses[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008,354(15/16):1768-1773.
[30]Beugnot J C, Ahmad R, Rochette M,et al.Reduction and control of stimulated Brillouinscattering in polymer-coated chalcogenide opticalmicrowires[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(3):482-485.
[31]Fortier C,Fatome J,Pitois S,et al.Experimentalinvestigation of Brillouin and Raman scattering in a2SG sulfide glass microstructured chalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Express,2008,16(13):9398-9404.
[32]Tow K H,Léguillon Y,Besnard P,et al.Brillouinfiber laser using As38Se62suspended-core chalcogenidefiber[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2012,8426:842611.
[33]Cherif R,Salem A B,Zghal M.Full modal analysisof the stimulated Brillouin scattering in As2Se3chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber[J].Proceedings ofSPIE,2011,8073:80732R.
[34]Abidi I,Cherif R,Zghal M.Enhanced stimulatedBrillouin scattering in chalcogenide elliptical photoniccrystal fibres[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2015,9347:934719.
[35]Chen X,Xia L,Li W,et al.Simulation of Brillouingain properties in a double-clad As2Se3chalcogenidephotonic crystal fiber[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2017,15(4):042901.
[36]Xu Q,Gao W Q,Li X,et al.Investigation onoptical and acoustic fields of stimulated Brillouinscattering in As2S3 suspended-core microstructuredoptical fibers[J].Optik,2017,133:51-59.
[37]Cheng T L,Liao M S,Gao W Q,et al.Suppressionof stimulated Brillouin scattering in all-solidchalcogenide-tellurite photonic bandgap fiber[J].Optics Express,2012,20(27):28846-28854.
[38]Tow K H,Léguillon Y,Besnard P,et al.Relativeintensity noise and frequency noise of a compactBrillouin laser made of As3 8Se6 2 suspended-corechalcogenide fiber[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(7):1157-1159.
[39]Tow K H,Leguillon Y,Fresnel S,et al.Towardmore coherent sources using a microstructuredchalcogenide brillouin fiber laser[J].IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters,2013,25(3):238-241.
[40]Florea C,Bashkansky M,Sanghera J,et al.Slow-light generation through Brillouin scattering in As2S3fibers[J].Optical Materials,2009,32(2):358-361.
[41]Sinha R K,Kumar A,Saini T S.Analysis and designof single-mode As2Se3-chalcogenide photonic crystalfiber for generation of slow light with tunable features[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in QuantumElectronics,2016,22(2):4900706.
[42]Büttner T F S,Kabakova I V,Hudson D D,et al.Phase-locking and pulse generation in multi-frequencybrillouin oscillator via four wave mixing[J].ScientificReports,2015,4:5032.
[43]Pant R,Poulton C G,Choi D Y,et al.On-chipstimulated Brillouin scattering[J].Optics Express,2011,19(9):8285-8290.
[44]Pant R,Li E,Choi D Y,et al.Cavity enhancedstimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical chip formultiorder Stokes generation[J].Optics Letters,2011,36(18):3687-3689.
[45]Kabakova I V,Pant R,Choi D Y,et al.Narrowlinewidth Brillouin laser based on chalcogenidephotonic chip[J].Optics Letters,2013,38(17):3208-3211.
[46]Büttner T F S,Merklein M,Kabakova I V,et al.Phase-locked, chip-based, cascaded stimulatedBrillouin scattering[J].Optica,2014,1(5):311-314.
[47]Pant R,Marpaung D,Kabakova I V,et al.On-chipstimulated Brillouin Scattering for microwave signalprocessing and generation[J].Laser &PhotonicsReviews,2014,8(5):653-666.
[48]Merklein M,Casas-Bedoya A,Marpaung D,et al.Stimulated brillouin scattering in photonic integratedcircuits:novel applications and devices[J].IEEEJournal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2016,22(2):6100111.
[49]Yi L L, Wei W,Jaouen Y,et al.Polarization-independent rectangular microwave photonic filterbased on stimulated Brillouin scattering[J].Journalof Lightwave Technology,2016,34(2):669-675.
[50]Zhang W W,Minasian R A.Widely tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter based onstimulated Brillouin scattering[J].IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters,2011,23(23):1775-1777.
[51]Xing C,Ke C J,Zhang K,et al.Polarization-andwavelength-independent SBS-based filters for highresolution optical spectrum measurement[J].OpticsExpress,2017,25(18):20969-20982.
[52]Byrnes A,Pant R,Li E B,et al.Photonic chipbased tunable and reconfigurable narrowbandmicrowave photonic filter using stimulated Brillouinscattering[J]. Optics Express,2012,20(17):18836-18845.
[53]Morrison B,Marpaung D,Pant R,et al.Tunablemicrowave photonic notch filter using on-chipstimulated Brillouin scattering[J]. OpticsCommunications,2014,313:85-89.