中国规模生猪养殖效率测度及其补贴政策效益评价研究
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摘要
利用曼奎斯特指数和倍差法分析中国2001—2016年生猪补贴政策实施前后的生猪养殖效率,旨在科学地对中国生猪补贴政策效益进行评价。结果表明,在该时间段,中国大规模和中规模生猪养殖的规模效率总体上略有增长,技术效率和纯技术效率下降明显;生猪养殖规模不同,其全要素生产效率变化也有所差异;大、中规模生猪养殖的技术效率变化指数波动幅度并不大,但是全要素生产率和技术进步变化指数波动幅度大,且两者都呈现出同步变化趋势;生猪补贴政策整体上降低了生猪养殖的规模化效率。进一步研究发现,饲料等要素投入的多少对不同规模生猪养殖的规模效率影响差异显著,表现为投入越多,生猪养殖规模效率越大。地域GDP越高,大规模和中规模生猪的养殖规模效率也会越大,而且生猪调出大县奖励和畜牧标准化养殖补贴政策降低了大规模和中规模生猪养殖的规模效率。由此可知,中国生猪养殖规模效率的提升并不能过多地依赖于生猪补贴政策,而应该更多地从根本上提高养殖技术。
In this paper, the changes of hog breeding efficiency from 2001 to 2016 in China before and after the implementation of hog subsidy policy were analyzed to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of China's hog subsidy policy based on the Malmquist-Dea index and difference-in-difference approach(DID) methods. Results showed that China's large and medium scale hog-breeding scale efficiency increased slightly in general, while technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency decreased significantly, and there were differences in the total factor productivity with different hog-breeding scales. On the time series, fluctuation amplitude of technical efficiency change index was not large, but that of the total factor productivity and technological progress change index was large, and the trend of changes kept consistent. Moreover, the hog subsidy policy reduced the scale efficiency of hog breeding on the whole. Finally, further analysis found that the input of factors such as feed had significantly different impact on the different scale hog-breeding scale efficiency, which showd that the more input and the higher the regional GDP, the greater the scale efficiency of pig breeding. Hog export big county rewards and livestock standard breeding subsidy policy reduced the scale efficiency of large-scale and medium-scale hog farmers. This study showed that hog subsidy policy can hardly improve the scale efficiency of hog breeding. More efforts should be made to improve breeding technology.
In this paper, the changes of hog breeding efficiency from 2001 to 2016 in China before and after the implementation of hog subsidy policy were analyzed to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of China's hog subsidy policy based on the Malmquist-Dea index and difference-in-difference approach(DID) methods. Results showed that China's large and medium scale hog-breeding scale efficiency increased slightly in general, while technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency decreased significantly, and there were differences in the total factor productivity with different hog-breeding scales. On the time series, fluctuation amplitude of technical efficiency change index was not large, but that of the total factor productivity and technological progress change index was large, and the trend of changes kept consistent. Moreover, the hog subsidy policy reduced the scale efficiency of hog breeding on the whole. Finally, further analysis found that the input of factors such as feed had significantly different impact on the different scale hog-breeding scale efficiency, which showd that the more input and the higher the regional GDP, the greater the scale efficiency of pig breeding. Hog export big county rewards and livestock standard breeding subsidy policy reduced the scale efficiency of large-scale and medium-scale hog farmers. This study showed that hog subsidy policy can hardly improve the scale efficiency of hog breeding. More efforts should be made to improve breeding technology.
引文
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[12] 谭莹.我国生猪生产效率及补贴政策评价[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,9(3):84-90.TAN Y.Analysis on live pig production efficiency and live pig subsidy policy in China[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2010,9(3):84-90.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 白华艳.我国生猪能繁母猪补贴效率分析及政策评价[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,38(7):120-128,132.BAI H Y.Study on efficiency analysis and policy evaluation of sow subsidy in China[J].Jinan Journal(Philosophy & Social Science Edition),2016,38(7):120-128,132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 赵国庆,文韬.生猪标准化规模养殖扶持政策的效果研究:来自规模养殖户的实地调查[J].经济与管理,2016,30(2):72-81.ZHAO G Q,WEN T.Impacts of standardized-scaled pig breeding policy:evidence from the field investigation of scaled farmers[J].Economy and Management,2016,30(2):72-81.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 周晶,陈玉萍,丁士军.“一揽子”补贴政策对中国生猪养殖规模化进程的影响:基于双重差分方法的估计[J].中国农村经济,2015(4):29-43.ZHOU J,CHEN Y P,DING S J.Effect of series of subsidy policies on the scale process of pig breeding in China based on the DID method[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2015(4):29-43.(in Chinese)
[16] ROLF F,SHAWNA G F,MARY N.Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency change in industrialized countries:reply[J].American Economic Review,1997,87(5):1040-1044.
[2] 梁剑宏,刘清泉.我国生猪生产规模报酬与全要素生产率[J].农业技术经济,2014(8):44-52.LIANG J H,LIU Q Q.Scale Compensation and Total Factor Productivity of China’s hog Production[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2014(8):44-52.(in Chinese)
[3] 张振,乔娟.中国生猪优势产区规模猪场生产效率研究[J].西安财经学院学报,2012,25(4):39-45.ZHANG Z,QIAO J.Research on productivity efficiency of scale-farms in favorable pig-producing areas of China[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Finance and Economics,2012,25(4):39-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 潘国言,龙方,周发明.我国区域生猪生产效率的综合评价[J].农业技术经济,2011(3):58-66.PAN G Y,LONG F,ZHOU F M.Comprehensive evaluation of pig production efficiency in China[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2011(3):58-66.(in Chinese)
[5] 张园园,孙世民,季柯辛.基于DEA模型的不同饲养规模生猪生产效率分析:山东省与全国的比较[J].中国管理科学,2012,20(增刊2):720-725.ZHANG Y Y,SUN S M,JI K X.Evaluation of pig production efficiency based on DEA model:comparison of Shandong province and the nation[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2012,20(S2):720-725.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 陈诗波,王亚静,李崇光.中国生猪生产效率及影响因素分析[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(1):40-44.CHEN S B,WANG Y J,LI C G.Research on production efficiency and affecting factors of live pig in China[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2008,29(1):40-44.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 王明利,李威夷.基于随机前沿函数的中国生猪生产效率研究[J].农业技术经济,2011(12):32-39.WANG M L,LI W Y.Study on pig production efficiency based on stochastic frontier production and cost function estimation in China[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2011(12):32-39.(in Chinese)
[8] 闫振宇,陶建平,徐家鹏.我国生猪规模化养殖发展现状和省际差异及发展对策[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(1):13-18.YAN Z Y,TAO J P,XU J P.Scale production of live pig in China:provincial difference,problem and development countermeasure:analysis based on pig producing scale subdivision and measure of cost profit margin[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2012,33(1):13-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 闫振宇,陶建平,徐家鹏.中国生猪生产的区域效率差异及其适度规模选择[J].经济地理,2012,32(7):107-112.YAN Z Y,TAO J P,XU J P.Regional efficiency difference and the choice of moderate scale of live pig production of China[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(7):107-112.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] 廖翼,周发明.我国生猪价格调控政策分析[J].农业技术经济,2013(9):26-34.LIAO Y,ZHOU F M.Analysis on pig price control policy in China[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2013(9):26-34.(in Chinese)
[11] 杨朝英,徐学荣.中国生猪生产支持政策对价格调控的有效性分析[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(5):564-567.YANG C Y,XU X R.Effectiveness of Chinese support policy of hog production on price regulation[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2008,29(5):564-567.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 谭莹.我国生猪生产效率及补贴政策评价[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,9(3):84-90.TAN Y.Analysis on live pig production efficiency and live pig subsidy policy in China[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2010,9(3):84-90.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 白华艳.我国生猪能繁母猪补贴效率分析及政策评价[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,38(7):120-128,132.BAI H Y.Study on efficiency analysis and policy evaluation of sow subsidy in China[J].Jinan Journal(Philosophy & Social Science Edition),2016,38(7):120-128,132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 赵国庆,文韬.生猪标准化规模养殖扶持政策的效果研究:来自规模养殖户的实地调查[J].经济与管理,2016,30(2):72-81.ZHAO G Q,WEN T.Impacts of standardized-scaled pig breeding policy:evidence from the field investigation of scaled farmers[J].Economy and Management,2016,30(2):72-81.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 周晶,陈玉萍,丁士军.“一揽子”补贴政策对中国生猪养殖规模化进程的影响:基于双重差分方法的估计[J].中国农村经济,2015(4):29-43.ZHOU J,CHEN Y P,DING S J.Effect of series of subsidy policies on the scale process of pig breeding in China based on the DID method[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2015(4):29-43.(in Chinese)
[16] ROLF F,SHAWNA G F,MARY N.Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency change in industrialized countries:reply[J].American Economic Review,1997,87(5):1040-1044.