不同播种时间和喷肥次数对洋葱幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
为了研究不同播种时期和不同喷肥次数对洋葱幼苗生长的影响,以自交多年的黄皮1号洋葱为试材,试验设置A1(9月1日)、A2(9月6日)、A3(9月12日)、A4(9月18日)4个播种时期及B1(0次肥)、B2(5次肥)、B3(10次肥)、B4(15次肥)4个喷肥次数,待洋葱出苗后,分别测定各处理洋葱幼苗的出苗率、壮苗率、株高和假茎粗等指标。结果表明,随着播种时间的推迟,洋葱出苗率先升高后降低且于A2处理最高,株高和假茎粗均显著下降(P<0.05);随着喷肥次数的增加,洋葱出苗率下降,而株高和假茎粗先升后降且于B2处理最高;播种时间和喷肥次数对洋葱幼苗株高和假茎粗的影响存在交互效应(P<0.01),株高和假茎粗均于A1B2处理最高。但洋葱苗在定植时植株大小应符合壮苗标准(株高在20～25 cm,假茎粗在6～9 mm),仅A2B1、A2B4、A3B1、A3B2、A3B3组在参考范围内,且其壮苗率均高于25%。综合出苗率、株高、假茎粗和壮苗率及投入等因素,A2B1及A3B1具有较高的出苗率和壮苗率、较适宜的移栽株高和假茎粗,即以9月6—12日播种不喷肥作为秋季洋葱穴盘育苗的参考。
To investigate the impacts of different sowing period and fertilizer application on onion seedling growth, the yellow onion inbred line 1 was used as research materials,the experiment was conducted with four sowing periods[A1(September 1 st), A2(September6 th), A3(September 12 th), A4(September 18 th)] and four fertilizing applications[B1(fertilizer spray 0 times), B2(fertilizer spray 5 times),B3(fertilizer spray 10 times), B4(fertilizer spray 15 times)], the emergence rate, strong seedling rate, seedling height, and the cauloid diameter were tested. The results showed that with the delay of sowing period, the emergence rate of onion increased first and then decreased and the maximum value was occurred in A2, while the height and cauloid diameter decreased significantly(P<0.05). With the increase of fertilizer spraying frequency, the emergence rate of onion decreased, while height and diameter increased first and then decreased and the maximum values were both occurred in B2. There was an interaction effects between the sowing period and fertilizer spraying frequency on the onion height and cauloid diameter(P<0.01), which the maximum values were both occurred in A1 B2. However, the onion seedlings size should be in accordance with the strong seedling standard when transplanting(plant height was 20～25 cm, and diameter was 6 ～9 mm). In this experiment, only the A2 B1, A2 B4, A3 B1, A3 B2, and A3 B3 groups were in the reference range, and strengthening seedling rate was higher than 25%. Comprehensive the above seedling indices and the input factors, A2 B1 and A3 B1 had higher emergence rate and strengthening seedling rate, and even the optimum transplanting height and diameter, that is to say, sowing during September 6 thand 12 thand no spraying fertilizer could be used as a reference on onion tray-soilless seedling culture in autumn.
To investigate the impacts of different sowing period and fertilizer application on onion seedling growth, the yellow onion inbred line 1 was used as research materials,the experiment was conducted with four sowing periods[A1(September 1 st), A2(September6 th), A3(September 12 th), A4(September 18 th)] and four fertilizing applications[B1(fertilizer spray 0 times), B2(fertilizer spray 5 times),B3(fertilizer spray 10 times), B4(fertilizer spray 15 times)], the emergence rate, strong seedling rate, seedling height, and the cauloid diameter were tested. The results showed that with the delay of sowing period, the emergence rate of onion increased first and then decreased and the maximum value was occurred in A2, while the height and cauloid diameter decreased significantly(P<0.05). With the increase of fertilizer spraying frequency, the emergence rate of onion decreased, while height and diameter increased first and then decreased and the maximum values were both occurred in B2. There was an interaction effects between the sowing period and fertilizer spraying frequency on the onion height and cauloid diameter(P<0.01), which the maximum values were both occurred in A1 B2. However, the onion seedlings size should be in accordance with the strong seedling standard when transplanting(plant height was 20～25 cm, and diameter was 6 ～9 mm). In this experiment, only the A2 B1, A2 B4, A3 B1, A3 B2, and A3 B3 groups were in the reference range, and strengthening seedling rate was higher than 25%. Comprehensive the above seedling indices and the input factors, A2 B1 and A3 B1 had higher emergence rate and strengthening seedling rate, and even the optimum transplanting height and diameter, that is to say, sowing during September 6 thand 12 thand no spraying fertilizer could be used as a reference on onion tray-soilless seedling culture in autumn.
引文
[1]陈勇,惠腾恩,刘玉申.洋葱皮萃取物中黄酮类化合物的分析研究[J].中国食品添加剂,1997(31):1-4.
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[13]黄治军,薛传谦,刘世琦,等.播期对加工型白皮洋葱生长发育和产量品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(3):38-40.
[14]朱芝英,陈晖,王雷.播期对紫皮洋葱幼苗生长及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2009(5):17-18.
[15]张玉霞,周梅英.不同播期对圆葱幼苗质量和产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2009(4):23-26.
[16]刘俊臣.西瓜的需肥特点及施肥技术[J].中国果菜,2019,39(3):79-81.
[17]朱晓丽.洋葱不同播种期育苗对产量的影响[J].农村科技,2012(4):56-57.
[18]PATHAK C S.Hybrid seed production in onion[J].Journal of new seeds,2000,1(3-4):89-108.
[19]SPLITTSTOESSER W E.Vegetable growing handbook:organic and traditional methods[M].New York:Van nostrand reinhold,1990:250-251.
[20]张俊花,黄伟,王忠君.黄皮洋葱在冀西北坝上地区的适应性研究[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(1):110-112.
[21]滑小赞,程滨,赵瑞芬,等.农田施用钢渣对洋葱生产的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(3):293-296,353.
[2]刘丽娟,刘银燕,杨晓虹.葱属植物留体化合物及黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].中国药学杂志,2000(6):367-369.
[3]江成英,郭宏文,张文学,等.洋葱的营养成分及其保健功效研究进展[J].食品与机械,2014(5):305-309.
[4]赵锴,徐坤,徐宁,等.洋葱氮、磷、钾养分吸收与分配规律的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):241-246.
[5]胡俊杰,宁显宝,建德锋.不同育苗模式对北方洋葱育苗效果的影响[J].北方园艺,2005(5):58-59.
[6]宫万祥.地膜洋葱高产栽培技术[J].上海蔬菜,2010(1):32.
[7]段学义,胡秉安,殷晓燕.甘肃省洋葱产业存在的问题与发展建议[J].中国蔬菜,2010(9):9-11.
[8]苏保乐.潍坊农产品唱响洋葱出口主旋律[N].中国国门时报,2011-09-07(008).
[9]张建.不同育苗基质对洋葱幼苗生长的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2010(12):64-65.
[10]王付勇,杨爱军.洋葱工厂化穴盘育苗技术[J].长江蔬菜,2018(16):16-17.
[11]山东农业大学.蔬菜栽培学各论(北方本)[M].第二版.北京:农业出版社,1979.
[12]唐启义.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[13]黄治军,薛传谦,刘世琦,等.播期对加工型白皮洋葱生长发育和产量品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(3):38-40.
[14]朱芝英,陈晖,王雷.播期对紫皮洋葱幼苗生长及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2009(5):17-18.
[15]张玉霞,周梅英.不同播期对圆葱幼苗质量和产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2009(4):23-26.
[16]刘俊臣.西瓜的需肥特点及施肥技术[J].中国果菜,2019,39(3):79-81.
[17]朱晓丽.洋葱不同播种期育苗对产量的影响[J].农村科技,2012(4):56-57.
[18]PATHAK C S.Hybrid seed production in onion[J].Journal of new seeds,2000,1(3-4):89-108.
[19]SPLITTSTOESSER W E.Vegetable growing handbook:organic and traditional methods[M].New York:Van nostrand reinhold,1990:250-251.
[20]张俊花,黄伟,王忠君.黄皮洋葱在冀西北坝上地区的适应性研究[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(1):110-112.
[21]滑小赞,程滨,赵瑞芬,等.农田施用钢渣对洋葱生产的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(3):293-296,353.