珠江三角洲湖库水体嗅味物质分布及其去除
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摘要
采用固相微萃取-气质联用技术对珠江三角洲9个城市共48个湖库水体中的土臭素(GSM)、2-甲基异茨醇(MIB)和2,3,6-三氯苯甲醚(TCA)等5种嗅味物质进行检测,并探讨污水处理厂和自来水厂处理工艺中嗅味物质的浓度变化规律,同时研究强化混凝沉淀工艺对嗅味物质的去除效果.结果表明:珠江三角洲湖库水体中嗅味问题最严重的是广州、佛山、肇庆、东莞、惠州和深圳6个城市,各市湖库的嗅味物质平均浓度为70.93～116.61 ng/L;中山、珠海与江门3个城市的嗅味问题不明显,各市湖库的嗅味物质平均浓度为22.78～58.82 ng/L;珠江三角洲的湖库中浓度最高的嗅味物质是MIB、TCA和GSM,这3种嗅味物质占了嗅味物质总浓度的80.18%～100.00%;污水处理厂和自来水厂中的处理工艺对嗅味物质均有一定的去除效果,嗅味物质的去除主要发生在混凝沉淀阶段;污水处理厂对MIB、TCA和GSM的平均去除率分别为53.55%、57.40%和72.90%;自来水厂对MIB、TCA和GSM的平均去除率分别为64.14%、69.63%和36.86%;强化混凝沉淀实验中,当嗅味物质初始浓度为200 ng/L时,Al2O3投加量为13.75 mg/L可使得混凝沉淀工艺对嗅味物质的去除效果最佳且保证铝盐不超标,嗅味物质浓度增大时Al2O3投加量也需增大;反应体系的p H值处于5～8时,混凝沉淀工艺对嗅味物质的去除效果最佳;混凝搅拌速率越快,嗅味物质的去除率越高且越快达到稳定.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards,residents put forward higher requirements for water quality,and pay more attention to odor and taste problem. Concentrations of odor and taste compounds in 48 lakes and reservoirs of 9cities in Pearl River Delta were detected with the method of Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry( SPME-GC/MS) technique. The changes of odor and taste compounds concentrations along the water treatment processes of wastewater treatment plants and water supply plants,as well as the removal effect of odor and taste compounds by enhanced coagulation-sedimentation process were studied. The results showed that: the most serious stench problem was the lakes and reservoirs of Guangzhou,Foshan,Zhaoqing,Dongguan,Huizhou and Shenzhen. The average concentrations of odor and taste compounds in the lakes and reservoirs of these 6 cities were from 70.93 to 116.61 ng/L. And the stench problem was not obvious in the lakes and reservoirs of Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Jiangmen. The average concentrations of odor and taste compounds in the lakes and reservoirs of these 3 cities were from 22.78 to 58.82 ng/L. 2-methylisoborneol( MIB),2,3,6-trichloroanisole( TCA) and Geosmin( GSM)were the main odor and taste compounds in all lakes and reservoirs,which accounted for 80.18%-100.00% of total odor and taste compounds. The water treatment progresses of wastewater treatment plants and water supply plants could considerably remove odor and taste compounds. Coagulation-sedimentation process had the greatest contribution to the removal of odor and taste compounds.In the wastewater treatment plants,the average removal rates of MIB,TCA and GSM were 53.55%,57.40% and 72.90%,respectively. In the water supply plants,the average removal rates of MIB,TCA and GSM were 64.14%,69.63% and 36.86%,respectively. In the enhanced coagulation-sedimentation experiment,for the initial concentrations of odor and taste compounds of 200 ng/L,coagulation-sedimentation process could reach the greatest removal effect of them,and aluminum was not excessive as well when the coagulant( Al2O3) dosage was 13.75 mg/L. When the concentrations of odor and taste compounds increase,the dosage of Al2O3 should increase,too. When the pH value of the reaction system was between 5 and 8,coagulation-sedimentation process could reach the greatest removal effect of odor and taste compounds. The faster the stirring rate of coagulation was,the higher the removal rate of odor and taste compounds reached,and the faster the stability reached.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards,residents put forward higher requirements for water quality,and pay more attention to odor and taste problem. Concentrations of odor and taste compounds in 48 lakes and reservoirs of 9cities in Pearl River Delta were detected with the method of Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry( SPME-GC/MS) technique. The changes of odor and taste compounds concentrations along the water treatment processes of wastewater treatment plants and water supply plants,as well as the removal effect of odor and taste compounds by enhanced coagulation-sedimentation process were studied. The results showed that: the most serious stench problem was the lakes and reservoirs of Guangzhou,Foshan,Zhaoqing,Dongguan,Huizhou and Shenzhen. The average concentrations of odor and taste compounds in the lakes and reservoirs of these 6 cities were from 70.93 to 116.61 ng/L. And the stench problem was not obvious in the lakes and reservoirs of Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Jiangmen. The average concentrations of odor and taste compounds in the lakes and reservoirs of these 3 cities were from 22.78 to 58.82 ng/L. 2-methylisoborneol( MIB),2,3,6-trichloroanisole( TCA) and Geosmin( GSM)were the main odor and taste compounds in all lakes and reservoirs,which accounted for 80.18%-100.00% of total odor and taste compounds. The water treatment progresses of wastewater treatment plants and water supply plants could considerably remove odor and taste compounds. Coagulation-sedimentation process had the greatest contribution to the removal of odor and taste compounds.In the wastewater treatment plants,the average removal rates of MIB,TCA and GSM were 53.55%,57.40% and 72.90%,respectively. In the water supply plants,the average removal rates of MIB,TCA and GSM were 64.14%,69.63% and 36.86%,respectively. In the enhanced coagulation-sedimentation experiment,for the initial concentrations of odor and taste compounds of 200 ng/L,coagulation-sedimentation process could reach the greatest removal effect of them,and aluminum was not excessive as well when the coagulant( Al2O3) dosage was 13.75 mg/L. When the concentrations of odor and taste compounds increase,the dosage of Al2O3 should increase,too. When the pH value of the reaction system was between 5 and 8,coagulation-sedimentation process could reach the greatest removal effect of odor and taste compounds. The faster the stirring rate of coagulation was,the higher the removal rate of odor and taste compounds reached,and the faster the stability reached.
引文
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[3]Li L,Wan N,Gan NQ et al.Annual dynamics and origins of the odorous compounds in the pilot experimental area of Lake Dianchi,China.Water Sci Technol,2007,55(5):43-50.
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[6]Lu NN,Jia RB,Sun SH et al.Research progress of odor material of algae in drinking water sources.Water Wastewater Eng,2012,48(S2):93-95.[逯南南,贾瑞宝,孙韶华等.饮用水中藻源臭味物质的研究进展.给水排水,2012,48(S2):93-95.]
[7]Liu ZF,Zhang SQ,Zhuo WS et al.Research of odor compounds and toxicity in the surface water of Haizhu District Guangzhou.J Lake Sci,2013,25(6):900-906.DOI:10.18307/2013.0614.[刘祖发,张素琼,卓文珊等.广州市海珠区地表水中致嗅物质及毒性分析.湖泊科学,2013,25(6):900-906.]
[8]Yang ZS,Lu M,Yuan DX et al.Pilot study on odor removal in Kinmen Waterworks.Water Wastewater Eng,2008,34(5):18-22.[杨忠盛,芦敏,袁东星等.金门水厂原水中臭味物质去除的中试研究.给水排水,2008,34(5):18-22.]
[9]Tung SC,Lin TF,Yang FC et al.Seasonal change and correlation with environmental parameters for 2-MIB in Feng-Shen Reservoir,Taiwan.Environ Monit Assess,2008,145(1/2/3):407-416.
[10]Chiu YT,Yen HK,Lin TF.An alternative method to quantify 2-MIB producing cyanobacteria in drinking water reservoirs:Method development and field applications.Environ Res,2016,151:618-627.
[11]Westerhoff P,Rodriguezhernandez M,Baker L et al.Seasonal occurrence and degradation of 2-methylisoborneol in water supply reservoirs.Water Res,2005,39(20):4899-4912.
[12]Liang H,Li GB,Li X et al.Effect of water treatment process selection on algae removal efficiency.China Water Wastewater,2005,21(3):5-7.[梁恒,李圭白,李星等.不同水处理工艺流程对除藻效果的影响.中国给水排水,2005,21(3):5-7.]
[13]Hageskal G,Lima N,Skaar I.The study of fungi in drinking water.Mycol Res,2009,113(2):165-172.
[14]Liu C,Gao NY,Ma XY.Study on emergent treatment technologies used in algae-laden and microcystins pollution raw water.Chin Water Wastewater,2006,22(21):9-13.[刘成,高乃云,马晓雁.高藻及微囊藻毒素污染原水的应急处理工艺研究.中国给水排水,2006,22(21):9-13.]
[15]Tan M,Liu K,Liu L et al.Spatialization of population in the Pearl River Delta in 30 m grids using random forest model.Prog Geo,2017,36(10):1304-1312.[谭敏,刘凯,柳林等.基于随机森林模型的珠江三角洲30 m格网人口空间化.地理科学进展,2017,36(10):1304-1312.]
[16]Mester Z,Sturgeon R.Trace element speciation using solid phase microextraction.Spectrochim Acta B,2005,60(9):1243-1269.
[17]Qiao MS,Zhao SX,Liang HZ et al.Quantification of two components in Chinese liquor by SPME-GC-MS.Food Sci,2015,36(16):224-227.[乔敏莎,赵树欣,梁慧珍等.固相微萃取-GC-MS定量检测白酒中两种异嗅物质.食品科学,2015,36(16):224-227.]
[18]Ma XY,Gao NY,Li QS et al.Determination of trace Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in drinking water by gas chromatography.J Instr Anal,2007,26(2):267-269.[马晓雁,高乃云,李青松等.气相色谱法测定饮用水中痕量土臭素和二甲基异冰片.分析测试学报,2007,26(2):267-269.]
[19]Li FA,Zhang HW,Chao M et al.Determining Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography.Water Technol,2011,5(2):54-55.[李福安,张焕伟,巢猛等.固相萃取-气相色谱法测定土臭素和2-甲基异冰片.供水技术,2011,5(2):54-55.]
[20]Liu ZF,Chen JC,Zhuo WS et al.Degradation effects of odor and taste compounds in water plants in a city of Pearl River Delta.J Subtrop Resour Environ,2017,12(2):1-7.[刘祖发,陈记臣,卓文珊等.珠江三角洲某市水厂中异嗅物质的降解效果研究.亚热带资源与环境学报,2017,12(2):1-7.]
[21]Li L,Chen W,Song LR.Extermination of earthy/musty odorous metabolites in lakes and ponds in China.Abstracts of 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Algal Biotechnology,2003.
[22]Sun W,Gong XL,Chen Y et al.Photochemical degradation of the algae-derived dissolved organic matter in Lake Taihu.JLake Sci,2018,30(1):91-101.DOI:10.18307/2018.0109.[孙伟,巩小丽,陈煜等.太湖藻源溶解性有机质光化学降解研究.湖泊科学,2018,30(1):91-101.]
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