高速列车齿轮箱箱体在位模态识别
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摘要
通过台架试验识别出高速列车齿轮箱装配状态下箱体的模态参数。试验中齿轮箱装配于实际的轮对系统并且模拟齿轮箱在转向架构架上的实际约束。采用多频带平稳随机激励,运用Poly MAX方法完成齿轮箱箱体前六阶模态参数(包括模态频率、阻尼比、振型)的识别,对比试验结果与仿真计算,两者相一致,表明参数识别可靠。对于模态参数识别过程中出现的虚假模态,通过在不同激励点的锤击试验获得轴、齿轮箱、轴箱等部件的响应,分析轴-齿轮箱、轴箱-齿轮箱、轴-轴箱等子系统之间的传递函数,确定虚假模态主要振动来源并探究车轴、轴箱等零部件对台架试验中齿轮箱箱体振动响应的影响。采用连续小波变换和奇异值分解相结合的方法弱化能量值较低的虚假模态,进一步提高箱体在位模态参数识别的准确性。
The modal parameters of gearbox housing of high speed train under assembly condition are identified by a specially designed test rig. The gearbox is assembled in a wheelset system and its actual constraints in the bogie frame are considered in the test. By using multi-band stationary random excitation, the recognition of the first six-order modal parameters of the gearbox housing including modal frequency, damping ratio, vibration mode is completed with Poly MAX method. The identification results agree well with the simulation, indicating that the parameter identification is reliable. For the false mode appearing in the parameter recognition process, the responses of the shaft, gearbox, axlebox and other components are obtained by selecting different excitation points through the hammer test. The main vibration source of the false mode is determined by analyzing the transfer function of the subsystems such as axle-gearbox, axle box-gearbox and axle-axle box. The influence of axle and axle box on the vibration of gearbox housing in the test rig is explored. The combination of continuous wavelet transform and singular value decomposition is used to weaken the false modal with low energy value to further improve the accuracy of the in-situ modal parameter recognition of gearbox housing.
The modal parameters of gearbox housing of high speed train under assembly condition are identified by a specially designed test rig. The gearbox is assembled in a wheelset system and its actual constraints in the bogie frame are considered in the test. By using multi-band stationary random excitation, the recognition of the first six-order modal parameters of the gearbox housing including modal frequency, damping ratio, vibration mode is completed with Poly MAX method. The identification results agree well with the simulation, indicating that the parameter identification is reliable. For the false mode appearing in the parameter recognition process, the responses of the shaft, gearbox, axlebox and other components are obtained by selecting different excitation points through the hammer test. The main vibration source of the false mode is determined by analyzing the transfer function of the subsystems such as axle-gearbox, axle box-gearbox and axle-axle box. The influence of axle and axle box on the vibration of gearbox housing in the test rig is explored. The combination of continuous wavelet transform and singular value decomposition is used to weaken the false modal with low energy value to further improve the accuracy of the in-situ modal parameter recognition of gearbox housing.
引文
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[13]闵志华,孙利民,孙智等.基于小波变换和奇异值分解的模态参数识别方法[J].同济大学学报,2009,37(30):477-481.MIN Zhihua,SUN Limin,SUN Zhi,et al.Modal parameter identification method based on wavelet transform and singular value decomposition[J].Journal of Tongji University,2009,37(30):477-481.
[14]JAMES G H,CARNE TG,LAUFFER J P.The natural excitation technique(NEx T)for modal parameter extration from operating wind turbines[R].Sandia Report,SAND92-1666,Sandia National Laboratory,1993.
[15]李素洁,吴亚锋,裘炎.小波模态参数辨识的边缘效应问题研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2009(2):93-97.LI Sujie,WU Yafeng,QIU Yan.Investigation on edge-effect of modal parameter identification using wavelet transform[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2009(2):93-97.
[2]李德葆,陆秋海.实验模态分析及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.LI Debao,LU Qiuhai.Experimental modal analysis and its application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.
[3]黄冠华,王兴宇,梅桂明,等.内外激励下高速列车齿轮箱箱体动态响应分析[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(12):96-100.HUANG Guanhua,WANG Xingyu,MEI Guiming,et al.Dynamic response analysis of gearbox housing system subjected to internal and external excitation in high-speed train[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(12):96-100.
[4]张涛.高速动车组齿轮箱箱体在位模态试验分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017.ZHANG Tao.The operating modal analysis of gearbox in high-speed EMU[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017.
[5]杨和振,李华军,黄维平.海洋平台结构环境激励的实验模态研究[J].振动与冲击,2005,24(2):129-133.YANG Hezhen,LI Huajun,HUANG Weiping.Experimental modal analysis of offshore platform under operational conditions[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2005,24(2):129-133.
[6]任伟新,林友勤,彭雪林.大跨度斜拉桥环境振动试验与分析[J].实验力学,2006,21(4):418-426.REN Weixin,LIN Youqing,PENG Xuelin.Ambient vibration tests and analysis of a large span cable stayed bridge[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2006,21(4):418-426.
[7]刘佳,赵悦,凌亮,等.转向架构架工作模态及其对车下振动传递影响初探[J].噪声与振动控制,2015,35(3):19-23.LIU Jia,ZHAO Yue,LING Liang,et al.Operational modal analysis of bogie frame and its effect on vibration transfer of high-speed train[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2015,35(3):19-23.
[8]LE T P,PAULTRE P.Modal identification based on the time-frequency domain decomposition of unknown-input dynamic tests[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2013,71:41-50.
[9]李津,洪荣晶,张金,等.数控铣齿机主轴箱箱体振动模态及试验分析[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2012,5:24-27.LI Jin,HONG Rongjing,ZHANG Jin,et al.The vibration modal analysis and modal testing to the spindle box of CNC gear milling machine[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2012,5:24-27.
[10]李青霞,任众瞬,安宏伟.Poly MAX方法在桥梁工作模态分析中的应用[J].新技术新工艺,2008(7):21-23.LI Qingxia,REN Zhongshun,AN Hongwei.Application of Poly MAX method in operating modal analysis of bridge[J].New Technology&New Process,2008(7):21-23.
[11]张立民,陈林.简谐激扰下模态参数对垂向平稳性指标的影响[J].西南交通大学学报.2008,43(4):465-468.ZHANG Limin,CHEN Lin.Effects of modal parameters on ride comfort index under harmonic excitation[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2008,43(4):465-468.
[12]许本文,焦群英.机械振动与模态分析基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.XU Benwen,JIAO Qunying.Fundamentals of mechanical vibration and modal analysis[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1998.
[13]闵志华,孙利民,孙智等.基于小波变换和奇异值分解的模态参数识别方法[J].同济大学学报,2009,37(30):477-481.MIN Zhihua,SUN Limin,SUN Zhi,et al.Modal parameter identification method based on wavelet transform and singular value decomposition[J].Journal of Tongji University,2009,37(30):477-481.
[14]JAMES G H,CARNE TG,LAUFFER J P.The natural excitation technique(NEx T)for modal parameter extration from operating wind turbines[R].Sandia Report,SAND92-1666,Sandia National Laboratory,1993.
[15]李素洁,吴亚锋,裘炎.小波模态参数辨识的边缘效应问题研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2009(2):93-97.LI Sujie,WU Yafeng,QIU Yan.Investigation on edge-effect of modal parameter identification using wavelet transform[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2009(2):93-97.