黄河伊洛河中下游鱼类多样性及群落结构
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摘要
为了解伊洛河中下游鱼类多样性、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,于2016年2-12月对伊洛河中下游5个河段开展鱼类多样性及环境调查.共采集鱼类12361尾,43种,隶属于4目9科37属.伊洛河中下游鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数变化范围分别为1.75～2.38、2.44～3.63、0.59～0.76和0.73～0.86.各指数均以西草甸河段最高.各河段优势种以(Hemiculter leucisculus)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、兴凯鱊(Acheilognathus chankaensis)和鳑鲏属(Rhodeus)等小型或广适性鱼类为主.丰度/生物量比较(ABC)曲线显示,除西草甸河段外,各河段优势鱼类群落均受到不同程度的干扰.其中七里铺和黑石关鱼类群落处于严重干扰状态,以小型鱼类或大型鱼类的幼鱼为主.采用冗余分析方法分析了鱼类群落结构与环境因子的关系,发现除了河床、水流、捕捞等因子以外,氨氮、总磷浓度与pH是导致伊洛河中下游鱼类群落结构差异的主要影响因子.针对伊洛河鱼类多样性现状,建议加强流域水质监管,恢复河流连通性,推进保护区全面禁渔,开展生态修复等以恢复伊洛河河流健康.
To understand the fish diversity and assemblage structure in the middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River and to assess the impacts of human activities on river ecosystems,six fish sampling occasions in five sites were conducted bimonthly in 2016.A total of 12361 individual fishes were collected in the river stretches,comprising 43 species belonging to 4 orders,9 families and 37 genera. The Cyprinidae family,representing 28 taxa,accounted for 65.1% of the total number of fish species collected. Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef species richness index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson's diversity index of fish community in the investigation regions ranged from 1.75 to 2.38,from 2.44 to 3.63,from 0.59 to 0.76 and from 0.73 to 0.86,respectively.Fish species diversity in Xicaodian reach was highest among the five reaches. Abundance-Biomass Comparison( ABC) Curve showed that all sampling sites were subject to varying degrees of interference apart from Xicaodian reach. Fish communities in Qilipu reach and Heishiguan reach were subject to the maximum interference with the dominant fish species were mainly small-sized fish or young individuals of large-sized fish. Redundancy analysis was used to describe the relationship between the assemblage structures and associated environmental factors. Ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and pH accounted for the largest amount of variance. In view of the status of fish species diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River,it was suggested that managers should take steps,such as strengthening water quality management,restoring river connectivity,fishing banning in the reserves and conducting habitat restoration,to ensure the ecological protection and river health.
To understand the fish diversity and assemblage structure in the middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River and to assess the impacts of human activities on river ecosystems,six fish sampling occasions in five sites were conducted bimonthly in 2016.A total of 12361 individual fishes were collected in the river stretches,comprising 43 species belonging to 4 orders,9 families and 37 genera. The Cyprinidae family,representing 28 taxa,accounted for 65.1% of the total number of fish species collected. Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef species richness index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson's diversity index of fish community in the investigation regions ranged from 1.75 to 2.38,from 2.44 to 3.63,from 0.59 to 0.76 and from 0.73 to 0.86,respectively.Fish species diversity in Xicaodian reach was highest among the five reaches. Abundance-Biomass Comparison( ABC) Curve showed that all sampling sites were subject to varying degrees of interference apart from Xicaodian reach. Fish communities in Qilipu reach and Heishiguan reach were subject to the maximum interference with the dominant fish species were mainly small-sized fish or young individuals of large-sized fish. Redundancy analysis was used to describe the relationship between the assemblage structures and associated environmental factors. Ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and pH accounted for the largest amount of variance. In view of the status of fish species diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River,it was suggested that managers should take steps,such as strengthening water quality management,restoring river connectivity,fishing banning in the reserves and conducting habitat restoration,to ensure the ecological protection and river health.
引文
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[11]Zhu SQ ed.Synopsis of freshwater fishes of China.Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House,1995:549.[朱松泉.中国淡水鱼类检索.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1995:549.]
[12]Chen YY ed.Fauna Sinica(Osteichthyes):CypriniformesⅡ.Beijing:Science Press,1998.[陈宜瑜.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(中卷).北京:科学出版社,1998.]
[13]Yue PQ ed.Fauna Sinica(Osteichthyes):CypriniformesⅢ.Beijing:Science Press,2000.[乐佩琦.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(下卷).北京:科学出版社,2000.]
[14]Li SZ ed.Fishes of the Yellow River and Beyond.Keelung:The Sueichan Press,2015:640.[李思忠.黄河鱼类志:黄河鱼类专著及鱼类学文选.基隆:水产出版社,2015:640.]
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[16]Ludwig JA,Reynolds JF eds.Statistical ecology,a primer on methods and computing.New York:John Wiley and Sons,1988.
[17]Magurran AE ed.Ecological diversity and its measurement.London:Croom Helm,1988.
[18]Jiang ZG,Ma KP,Han XG eds.Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science&Technology Press,1997.[蒋志刚,马克平,韩兴国.保护生物学.杭州:浙江科技出版社,1997.]
[19]Clarke KR,Warwick RM.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation.Plymouth:PRIMPER-E,2001.
[20]Warwick RM.A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities.Marine Biology,1986,92(4):557-562.
[21]Ren P,Fang PF,Bao YX et al.Variation in macrobenthic community characteristics among different types of wetlands in Xuanmen Bay.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5632-5645.[任鹏,方平福,鲍毅新等.漩门湾不同类型湿地大型底栖动物群落特征比较研究.生态学报,2016,36(18):5632-5645.]
[22]ter Braak CJF,Smilauer P.CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's Guide:Software for Canonical Community Ordination(version 4.5).Ithaca,NY,USA:Microcomputer Power,2002.
[23]Tang WJ,Chen YF,Ding CZ.The current situation and protection of fish resources in Huangshui River in Qinghai Province.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2013,28(3):307-313.[唐文家,陈毅峰,丁城志.青海省湟水鱼类资源现状及保护对策.大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(3):307-313.]
[24]Zhang H,Wang GM.Management situation and countermeasures on wetland in Wuding River of Shaanxi Province.Journal of Shaanxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2007,(s1):197-200.[张浩,王根民.陕西省无定河湿地管理现状与对策.陕西师范大学学报:自科版,2007,(s1):197-200.]
[25]Li WH,Zhao RL.Analysis of Fenhe River fishery resource status.Shanxi Water Resources,2015,(5):31-32.[李文华,赵瑞亮.汾河渔业资源现状及分析.山西水利,2015,(5):31-32.]
[26]Wu W,Xu ZX,Yin XW et al.Fish community structure and biological integrity in the Wei River basin.Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(9):981-989.[武玮,徐宗学,殷旭旺等.渭河流域鱼类群落结构特征及其完整性评价.环境科学研究,2014,27(9):981-989.]
[27]Zhu GQ,Zhao RL,Hu ZP et al.Fish distribution and species diversity in major rivers in Shanxi Province.Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2014,27(2):38-45.[朱国清,赵瑞亮,胡振平等.山西省主要河流鱼类分布及物种多样性分析.水产学杂志,2014,27(2):38-45.]
[28]Dudgeon D,Arthington AH,Gessner MO et al.Freshwater biodiversity:importance,threats,status and conservation challenges.Biological Reviews,2006,81(2):163-182.
[29]Cazzolla GR.Freshwater biodiversity:a review of local and global threats.International Journal of Environmental Studies,2016,73(6):887-904.
[30]Huang L,Li J eds.Status of freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin,China.In:Nakano S,Yahara T,Nakashizuka T eds.Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services.Singapore:Springer,2016:13-30.
[31]Chea R,Lek S,Ngor P et al.Large-scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure in the longest tropical river in Asia.Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2017,26(4):575-585.
[32]Willis SC,Winemiller KO,Lopez-Fernandez H.Habitat structural complexity and morphological diversity of fish assemblages in a Neotropical floodplain river.Oecologia,2005,142(2):284-295.
[33]Pander J,Mueller M,Geist J.Habitat diversity and connectivity govern the conservation value of restored aquatic floodplain habitats.Biological Conservation,2018,217:1-10.
[34]Zhang SK,Cheng WX,Xu XL et al.Analysis of water pollution causes and prevention and control measures in Yiluo River water quality.Yellow River,2014,36(7):76-79.[张世坤,程卫习,徐晓琳等.伊洛河水污染现状成因分析及防治对策.人民黄河,2014,36(7):76-79.]
[35]The Yellow River Water Resources Protection Science Research Institute.Environmental impact report for the comprehensive planning of the Yihe-Luohe River Basin,2014.[黄河水资源保护科学研究院.伊洛河流域综合规划环境影响报告书,2014.]
[36]Shrestha S,Farrelly J,Eggleton M et al.Effects of conservation wetlands on stream habitat,water quality and fish communities in agricultural watersheds of the lower Mississippi River Basin.Ecological Engineering,2017,107:99-109.
[37]Ding Y,Wu Z,Zhu Z et al.Species composition,trend of biodiversity variation and conservation of the fish in Lijiang River(in China).Environmental Biology of Fishes,2018,101(5):675-685.
[38]Villéger S,Grenouillet G,Brosse S.Functional homogenization exceeds taxonomic homogenization among European fish assemblages.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2015,23(12):1450-1460.DOI:10.1111/geb.12226.
[39]Su GH,Xu J,Akasaka Met al.Human impacts on functional and taxonomic homogenization of plateau fish assemblages in Yunnan,China.Global Ecology and Conservation,2015,4(Supplement C):470-478.
[2]Hermoso V.Freshwater ecosystems could become the biggest losers of the Paris Agreement.Global Change Biology,2017,23:3433-3436.
[3]Strayer DL,Dudgeon D.Freshwater biodiversity conservation:recent progress and future challenges.Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2010,29(29):344-358.
[4]Karr JR.Ecological health indicators.In:Jorgensen SE,Fath B eds.Encyclopedia of ecology.Oxford:Academic Press,2008:1037-1041.
[5]Chen J,Guo YL,Lu XL et al.Species diversity of herbaceous communities in the Yiluo River Basin.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(10):3021-3030.[陈杰,郭屹立,卢训令等.伊洛河流域草本植物群落物种多样性.生态学报,2012,32(10):3021-3030.]
[6]Yang XB,Jiao YH,Xia J et al.Evaluation of fishery water quality of the spawning ground of Cyprinus carpio haematoperus in Yiluo River.Journal of Hydroecology,2011,32(4):42-45.[杨雪冰,焦宇卉,夏杰等.伊洛河黄河鲤天然产卵场渔业水质评价.水生态学杂志,2011,32(4):42-45.]
[7]Li TH,Huang XL,Jiang XH et al.Assessment of ecosystem health of the Yellow River with fish index of biotic integrity.Hydrobiologia,2015,412(28):1-13.
[8]Wang B,Zang L.A study on the development strategy of Yiluo River Basin.Areal Research and Development,2007,26(6):53-56.[王兵,臧玲.伊洛河流域开发战略研究.地域研究与开发,2007,26(6):53-56.]
[9]Huang P,Ye YZ,Gao HM et al.Biodiversity investigation and assessment of Yihe-Luohe River Basin in Henan Province.Journal of Henan Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2012,40(1):142-145.[黄萍,叶永忠,高红梅等.河南省伊洛河流域生物多样性调查及评价.河南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(1):142-145.]
[10]Xu S,Gao TL,Ge L.The water ecological status and protection countermeasures of Yihe-Luohe River Basin.Journal of Henan Science and Technology,2014,(16):184-186.[徐帅,高天立,葛雷.伊洛河流域水生态现状及保护对策.河南科技,2014,(16):184-186.]
[11]Zhu SQ ed.Synopsis of freshwater fishes of China.Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House,1995:549.[朱松泉.中国淡水鱼类检索.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1995:549.]
[12]Chen YY ed.Fauna Sinica(Osteichthyes):CypriniformesⅡ.Beijing:Science Press,1998.[陈宜瑜.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(中卷).北京:科学出版社,1998.]
[13]Yue PQ ed.Fauna Sinica(Osteichthyes):CypriniformesⅢ.Beijing:Science Press,2000.[乐佩琦.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目(下卷).北京:科学出版社,2000.]
[14]Li SZ ed.Fishes of the Yellow River and Beyond.Keelung:The Sueichan Press,2015:640.[李思忠.黄河鱼类志:黄河鱼类专著及鱼类学文选.基隆:水产出版社,2015:640.]
[15]Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,Editorial Board of Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods eds.Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods:4th edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.[国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法:第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.]
[16]Ludwig JA,Reynolds JF eds.Statistical ecology,a primer on methods and computing.New York:John Wiley and Sons,1988.
[17]Magurran AE ed.Ecological diversity and its measurement.London:Croom Helm,1988.
[18]Jiang ZG,Ma KP,Han XG eds.Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science&Technology Press,1997.[蒋志刚,马克平,韩兴国.保护生物学.杭州:浙江科技出版社,1997.]
[19]Clarke KR,Warwick RM.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation.Plymouth:PRIMPER-E,2001.
[20]Warwick RM.A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities.Marine Biology,1986,92(4):557-562.
[21]Ren P,Fang PF,Bao YX et al.Variation in macrobenthic community characteristics among different types of wetlands in Xuanmen Bay.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5632-5645.[任鹏,方平福,鲍毅新等.漩门湾不同类型湿地大型底栖动物群落特征比较研究.生态学报,2016,36(18):5632-5645.]
[22]ter Braak CJF,Smilauer P.CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's Guide:Software for Canonical Community Ordination(version 4.5).Ithaca,NY,USA:Microcomputer Power,2002.
[23]Tang WJ,Chen YF,Ding CZ.The current situation and protection of fish resources in Huangshui River in Qinghai Province.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2013,28(3):307-313.[唐文家,陈毅峰,丁城志.青海省湟水鱼类资源现状及保护对策.大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(3):307-313.]
[24]Zhang H,Wang GM.Management situation and countermeasures on wetland in Wuding River of Shaanxi Province.Journal of Shaanxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2007,(s1):197-200.[张浩,王根民.陕西省无定河湿地管理现状与对策.陕西师范大学学报:自科版,2007,(s1):197-200.]
[25]Li WH,Zhao RL.Analysis of Fenhe River fishery resource status.Shanxi Water Resources,2015,(5):31-32.[李文华,赵瑞亮.汾河渔业资源现状及分析.山西水利,2015,(5):31-32.]
[26]Wu W,Xu ZX,Yin XW et al.Fish community structure and biological integrity in the Wei River basin.Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(9):981-989.[武玮,徐宗学,殷旭旺等.渭河流域鱼类群落结构特征及其完整性评价.环境科学研究,2014,27(9):981-989.]
[27]Zhu GQ,Zhao RL,Hu ZP et al.Fish distribution and species diversity in major rivers in Shanxi Province.Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2014,27(2):38-45.[朱国清,赵瑞亮,胡振平等.山西省主要河流鱼类分布及物种多样性分析.水产学杂志,2014,27(2):38-45.]
[28]Dudgeon D,Arthington AH,Gessner MO et al.Freshwater biodiversity:importance,threats,status and conservation challenges.Biological Reviews,2006,81(2):163-182.
[29]Cazzolla GR.Freshwater biodiversity:a review of local and global threats.International Journal of Environmental Studies,2016,73(6):887-904.
[30]Huang L,Li J eds.Status of freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin,China.In:Nakano S,Yahara T,Nakashizuka T eds.Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services.Singapore:Springer,2016:13-30.
[31]Chea R,Lek S,Ngor P et al.Large-scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure in the longest tropical river in Asia.Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2017,26(4):575-585.
[32]Willis SC,Winemiller KO,Lopez-Fernandez H.Habitat structural complexity and morphological diversity of fish assemblages in a Neotropical floodplain river.Oecologia,2005,142(2):284-295.
[33]Pander J,Mueller M,Geist J.Habitat diversity and connectivity govern the conservation value of restored aquatic floodplain habitats.Biological Conservation,2018,217:1-10.
[34]Zhang SK,Cheng WX,Xu XL et al.Analysis of water pollution causes and prevention and control measures in Yiluo River water quality.Yellow River,2014,36(7):76-79.[张世坤,程卫习,徐晓琳等.伊洛河水污染现状成因分析及防治对策.人民黄河,2014,36(7):76-79.]
[35]The Yellow River Water Resources Protection Science Research Institute.Environmental impact report for the comprehensive planning of the Yihe-Luohe River Basin,2014.[黄河水资源保护科学研究院.伊洛河流域综合规划环境影响报告书,2014.]
[36]Shrestha S,Farrelly J,Eggleton M et al.Effects of conservation wetlands on stream habitat,water quality and fish communities in agricultural watersheds of the lower Mississippi River Basin.Ecological Engineering,2017,107:99-109.
[37]Ding Y,Wu Z,Zhu Z et al.Species composition,trend of biodiversity variation and conservation of the fish in Lijiang River(in China).Environmental Biology of Fishes,2018,101(5):675-685.
[38]Villéger S,Grenouillet G,Brosse S.Functional homogenization exceeds taxonomic homogenization among European fish assemblages.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2015,23(12):1450-1460.DOI:10.1111/geb.12226.
[39]Su GH,Xu J,Akasaka Met al.Human impacts on functional and taxonomic homogenization of plateau fish assemblages in Yunnan,China.Global Ecology and Conservation,2015,4(Supplement C):470-478.