山东南部近海口虾蛄空间分布特征及其季节变化
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摘要
为研究山东南部近海口虾蛄分布特征及其影响因素,根据2016年10月,2017年1月、5月、8月在该海域进行的底拖网调查,利用Moran’s I指数和分布重心法等分析方法,比较分析了2016—2017年4个季节口虾蛄空间分布特征及空间自相关性。结果发现,山东南部近海口虾蛄相对生物量各季节间差异明显,由高至低依次为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,其中口虾蛄春季相对生物量为0.75 kg/h,夏季相对生物量为3.02 kg/h,秋季相对生物量为0.65 kg/h,冬季相对生物量为0.22 kg/h。口虾蛄分布重心表现出明显的季节特征,春、夏季分布重心位于水深20～30 m,秋、冬季分布重心位于30～50 m。口虾蛄的分布在各季节均呈现显著空间正相关,Moran’ I指数由高至低依次为秋季(0.34)>春季(0.30)>夏季(0.28)>冬季(0.16)。研究表明,不同季节口虾蛄分布重心的变化可能与其繁殖习性等生活史特征有关,而分布的空间聚集性可能与口虾蛄偏好淤泥质粉砂和砂-粉砂-黏土的底质环境相关。
The present study analyzed the spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in the southern coastal waters of Shandong Peninsula based on bottom-trawl surveys in October 2016, January 2017, May 2017 and August 2017. We used center of gravity and Moran's I index to estimate the distribution center of this species,compared the seasonal differences of spatial autocorrelation, and explored the potential influential factors of the spatial patterns. This study found substantial seasonal variations in the relative biomass of O. oratoria, which showed the highest relative biomass of 3.02 kg/h in summer, followed by 0.75 kg/h in spring, 0.65 kg/h in autumn and 0.22 kg/h in winter. The center of gravity showed remarkable seasonal changes, with the corresponding water depth ranging from 20 m to 30 m in spring and summer and from 30 m to 50 m in autumn and winter. The distributional pattern of O. oratoria was relatively consistent, exhibiting significantly positive spatial autocorrelation in four seasons. Moran' I index was the highest in autumn(0.34), followed by spring(0.30) and summer(0.28), and was the lowest in winter(0.16). According to Moran' I scatterplots, we identified survey sites with strong influence on biomass concentration. The seasonal changes in spatial distribution of O. oratoria might attribute to its spawning activities, and the biomass concentration implied that muddy silt and sand-silt-clay were the preference of sediment types of O. oratoria. We discussed the implications of our results for the management of O. oratoria and put forward the priorities for future fisheries research on spatial analyses.
The present study analyzed the spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in the southern coastal waters of Shandong Peninsula based on bottom-trawl surveys in October 2016, January 2017, May 2017 and August 2017. We used center of gravity and Moran's I index to estimate the distribution center of this species,compared the seasonal differences of spatial autocorrelation, and explored the potential influential factors of the spatial patterns. This study found substantial seasonal variations in the relative biomass of O. oratoria, which showed the highest relative biomass of 3.02 kg/h in summer, followed by 0.75 kg/h in spring, 0.65 kg/h in autumn and 0.22 kg/h in winter. The center of gravity showed remarkable seasonal changes, with the corresponding water depth ranging from 20 m to 30 m in spring and summer and from 30 m to 50 m in autumn and winter. The distributional pattern of O. oratoria was relatively consistent, exhibiting significantly positive spatial autocorrelation in four seasons. Moran' I index was the highest in autumn(0.34), followed by spring(0.30) and summer(0.28), and was the lowest in winter(0.16). According to Moran' I scatterplots, we identified survey sites with strong influence on biomass concentration. The seasonal changes in spatial distribution of O. oratoria might attribute to its spawning activities, and the biomass concentration implied that muddy silt and sand-silt-clay were the preference of sediment types of O. oratoria. We discussed the implications of our results for the management of O. oratoria and put forward the priorities for future fisheries research on spatial analyses.
引文
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[11]吴强,陈瑞盛,黄经献,等.莱州湾口虾蛄的生物学特征与时空分布[J].水产学报,2015,39(8):1166-1177.Wu Q,Chen R S,Huang J X,et al.Fishery biology characteristics,temporal and spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(8):1166-1177(in Chinese).
[12]袁兴伟,刘尊雷,金艳,等.基于空间自相关的东海带鱼聚集特征年代际变化[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3409-3426.Yuan X W,Liu Z L,Jin Y,et al.Inter-decadal variation of spatial aggregation of Trichiurus japonicus in East China Sea based on spatial autocorrelation analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(10):3409-3426.
[13]Li G X,Li P,Liu Y,et al.Sedimentary system response to the global sea level change in the East China Seas since the last glacial maximum[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,139:390-405.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查GB/T 12763.6-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Specifications for oceanographic survey-Part 6:Marine biological survey GB/T 2763.6-2007[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2008(in Chinese).
[15]Garrison L P.Spatial patterns in species composition in the Northeast United States continental shelf fish community during 1966-1999[C].Proceedings of Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations.Alaska:University of Alaska Sea Grant,2001:513-559.
[16]Cliff A D,Ord K.Spatial autocorrelation:a review of existing and new measures with applications[J].Economic Geography,1970,46(S1):269-292.
[17]Cliff A D,Ord K.Testing for spatial autocorrelation among regression residuals[J].Geographical Analysis,1972,4(3):267-284.
[18]Dormann C F.Effects of incorporating spatial autocorrelation into the analysis of species distribution data[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2007,16(2):129-138.
[19]Zhang T L,Lin G.Identification of local clusters for count data:a model-based Moran’s I test[J].Journal of Applied Statistics,2008,35(3):293-306.
[20]Anselin L.Local indicators of spatial associationLISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[21]Laurent T,Villa-Vialaneix N.Using spatial indexes for labeled network analysis[J].Information Interaction Intelligence,2011,11(1):1-21.
[22]Fisher R A.Statistical methods for research workers[M].12th ed.Edinburgh:Oliver and Boyd,1954.
[23]Anselin L.Spatial processes,models and applications[J].Economic Geography,1983,59(3):322-325.
[24]金显仕,程济生,邱盛尧,等.黄渤海渔业资源综合研究与评价[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:350-357.Jin X S,Cheng J S,Qiu S Y,et al.Integrated research and evaluation on fisheries resources in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2006:350-357(in Chinese).
[25]谷德贤,刘茂利.天津海域口虾蛄群体结构及资源量分析[J].河北渔业,2011(8):24-26.Gu D X,Liu M L.Analysis on the population structure and abundance of Oratosquilla oratoria in Tianjin Sea area[J].Hebei Fisheries,2011(8):24-26(in Chinese).
[26]王春琳,叶选怡,丁爱侠,等.虾蛄繁殖生物学与繁育技术研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2002(3):58-64.Wang C L,Ye X Y,Ding A X,et al.Studies on reproductive biology and breeding technology of Squilla[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2002(3):58-64(in Chinese).
[27]许莉莉,薛莹,焦燕,等.海州湾及邻近海域口虾蛄群体结构及资源分布特征[J].中国海洋大学学报,2017,47(4):28-36.Xu L L,Xue Y,Jiao Y,et al.Population structure and spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(4):28-36(in Chinese).
[28]王波,张锡烈,孙丕喜.口虾蛄的生物学特征及其人工苗种生产技术[J].黄渤海海洋,1998,16(2):64-73.Wang B,Zhang X L,Sun P X.On biological characters and artificial seedling-rearing techniques of mantis shrimp(Oratosquilla oratoria)[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1998,16(2):64-73 (in Chinese).
[29]Kodama K,Shimizu T,Yamakawa T,et al.Changes in reproductive patterns in relation to decline in stock abundance of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay[J].Fisheries Science,2006,72(3):568-577.
[30]Kim S E,Kim H J,Bae H J,et al.Growth and reproduction of the Japanese mantis shrimp,Oratosquilla oratoria(De Haan 1844)in the coastal area of Tongyeong,Korea[J].Ocean Science Journal,2017,52(2):257-262.
[2]唐启升,叶懋中.山东近海渔业资源开发与保护[M].北京:农业出版社,1990:167-179.Tang Q S,Ye M Z.Exploitation and protection of inshore fishery resources in Shandong province[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1990:167-179(in Chinese).
[3]农业部渔业局.中国渔业统计年鉴2006[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:9.The People’s Republic of China Ministry of Agriculture,Fisheries Bureau.China fishery statistical yearbook2006[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006:9(in Chinese).
[4]农业部渔业局.中国渔业统计年鉴2012[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012:39.The People’s Republic of China Ministry of Agriculture,Fisheries Bureau.China fishery statistical yearbook2012[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2012:39(in Chinese).
[5]农业部渔业局.中国渔业统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:58.The People’s Republic of China Ministry of Agriculture,Fisheries Bureau.China fishery statistical yearbook2017[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2017:58(in Chinese).
[6]Miller H J.Tobler’s first law and spatial analysis[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2004,94(2):284-289.
[7]都煜,徐宾铎,薛莹,等.海州湾日本枪乌贼和短蛸空间结构的季节变化[J].水产学报,2017,41(12):1888-1895.Du Y,Xu B D,Xue Y,et al.Seasonal variations of spatial structure of Japanese squid(Loligo japonica)and octopus(Octopus ochellatus)in Haizhou Bay[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(12):1888-1895(in Chinese).
[8]Xu L L,Chen X J,Guan W J,et al.The impact of spatial autocorrelation on CPUE standardization between two different fisheries[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2018,36(3):973-980.
[9]潘国良,张龙,朱增军,等.浙江南部近岸海域春季口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)生物量的时空分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(2):366-370.Pan G L,Zhang L,Zhu Z J,et al.Spatial-temporal distribution of the biomass of Oratosquilla oratoria in the coastal waters of south Zhejiang during spring[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(2):366-370(in Chinese).
[10]刘修泽,郭栋,王爱勇,等.辽东湾海域口虾蛄的资源特征及变化[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(3):602-608.Liu X Z,Guo D,Wang A Y,et al.The resource characteristics and their variation of Oratosquilla oratoria in Liaodong Bay[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,38(3):602-608(in Chinese).
[11]吴强,陈瑞盛,黄经献,等.莱州湾口虾蛄的生物学特征与时空分布[J].水产学报,2015,39(8):1166-1177.Wu Q,Chen R S,Huang J X,et al.Fishery biology characteristics,temporal and spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(8):1166-1177(in Chinese).
[12]袁兴伟,刘尊雷,金艳,等.基于空间自相关的东海带鱼聚集特征年代际变化[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3409-3426.Yuan X W,Liu Z L,Jin Y,et al.Inter-decadal variation of spatial aggregation of Trichiurus japonicus in East China Sea based on spatial autocorrelation analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(10):3409-3426.
[13]Li G X,Li P,Liu Y,et al.Sedimentary system response to the global sea level change in the East China Seas since the last glacial maximum[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,139:390-405.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查GB/T 12763.6-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China.Specifications for oceanographic survey-Part 6:Marine biological survey GB/T 2763.6-2007[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2008(in Chinese).
[15]Garrison L P.Spatial patterns in species composition in the Northeast United States continental shelf fish community during 1966-1999[C].Proceedings of Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations.Alaska:University of Alaska Sea Grant,2001:513-559.
[16]Cliff A D,Ord K.Spatial autocorrelation:a review of existing and new measures with applications[J].Economic Geography,1970,46(S1):269-292.
[17]Cliff A D,Ord K.Testing for spatial autocorrelation among regression residuals[J].Geographical Analysis,1972,4(3):267-284.
[18]Dormann C F.Effects of incorporating spatial autocorrelation into the analysis of species distribution data[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2007,16(2):129-138.
[19]Zhang T L,Lin G.Identification of local clusters for count data:a model-based Moran’s I test[J].Journal of Applied Statistics,2008,35(3):293-306.
[20]Anselin L.Local indicators of spatial associationLISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[21]Laurent T,Villa-Vialaneix N.Using spatial indexes for labeled network analysis[J].Information Interaction Intelligence,2011,11(1):1-21.
[22]Fisher R A.Statistical methods for research workers[M].12th ed.Edinburgh:Oliver and Boyd,1954.
[23]Anselin L.Spatial processes,models and applications[J].Economic Geography,1983,59(3):322-325.
[24]金显仕,程济生,邱盛尧,等.黄渤海渔业资源综合研究与评价[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:350-357.Jin X S,Cheng J S,Qiu S Y,et al.Integrated research and evaluation on fisheries resources in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2006:350-357(in Chinese).
[25]谷德贤,刘茂利.天津海域口虾蛄群体结构及资源量分析[J].河北渔业,2011(8):24-26.Gu D X,Liu M L.Analysis on the population structure and abundance of Oratosquilla oratoria in Tianjin Sea area[J].Hebei Fisheries,2011(8):24-26(in Chinese).
[26]王春琳,叶选怡,丁爱侠,等.虾蛄繁殖生物学与繁育技术研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2002(3):58-64.Wang C L,Ye X Y,Ding A X,et al.Studies on reproductive biology and breeding technology of Squilla[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2002(3):58-64(in Chinese).
[27]许莉莉,薛莹,焦燕,等.海州湾及邻近海域口虾蛄群体结构及资源分布特征[J].中国海洋大学学报,2017,47(4):28-36.Xu L L,Xue Y,Jiao Y,et al.Population structure and spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(4):28-36(in Chinese).
[28]王波,张锡烈,孙丕喜.口虾蛄的生物学特征及其人工苗种生产技术[J].黄渤海海洋,1998,16(2):64-73.Wang B,Zhang X L,Sun P X.On biological characters and artificial seedling-rearing techniques of mantis shrimp(Oratosquilla oratoria)[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1998,16(2):64-73 (in Chinese).
[29]Kodama K,Shimizu T,Yamakawa T,et al.Changes in reproductive patterns in relation to decline in stock abundance of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay[J].Fisheries Science,2006,72(3):568-577.
[30]Kim S E,Kim H J,Bae H J,et al.Growth and reproduction of the Japanese mantis shrimp,Oratosquilla oratoria(De Haan 1844)in the coastal area of Tongyeong,Korea[J].Ocean Science Journal,2017,52(2):257-262.