基于VIIRS数据的中国东部气溶胶光学厚度反演算法改进
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摘要
VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)作为MODIS(The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)的后继传感器,可在全球范围内实现对气溶胶的连续时空监测.卫星反演的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)是研究地球能量收支平衡、气候效应和空气质量的重要大气参数.但在中国重污染天气情况下,现有的VIIRS陆地气溶胶产品存在一定不足.因此,本研究改进云识别方法,优化像元筛选,约束气溶胶类型选择,实现重污染情况下AOD的反演.基于地基AERONET(AErosol RObotic NETwork)的验证结果表明,相比NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)产品,改进后的反演结果克服了反演值偏低的问题,且表现出更好的相关性,RMSE从0.236下降到0.219.为验证在重污染条件下改进算法的适用性和准确性,本文对比了两种污染条件下的反演结果(0.61).统计结果表明,在较重污染天气条件下(AODAERONET>1),相比NOAA的AOD产品,本文结果的反演率从32.3%提升为68.8%,回归分析的斜率提高为0.80,相关系数达到0.76,均方根误差为0.307,在增加反演量的同时保证了反演的精度.
As the MODIS(MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)successor,VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)can achieve on a global scale continuous monitoring of aerosols.As a mature product of aerosol remote sensing,the Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD)is an important atmospheric parameter in energy budget and climate change researches.But because of heavy aerosol loading,the application of VIIRS AOD product from NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)is limited in China.By using a new cloud mask method,improvingthe pixels selection process,widening the range of AOD inversion,and constraining the aerosol model selection,we improved the retrieval algorithm and enhanced the performance in haze area.Based on validation with ground-based AERONET(AErosol RObotic NETwork)observation,our AOD product overcame the underestimation of satellite retrieval result and had better correlation and smaller root mean square error(RMSE)than that of NOAA.In order to verify its performance in polluted air condition,we compared them in two degrees of pollution(0.61).For the heavy pollution conditions(AODAERONET>1),availability proportion of data increased effectively from 32.3%to 68.8%.Validation results showed that the slope of the regression analysis,correlation coefficient,and the root mean square error(RMSE)was enhanced to 0.80,0.76 and 0.307 respectively.In the conclusion,the accuracy of AOD products was guaranteed on the basis of increasing of data coverage.
As the MODIS(MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)successor,VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)can achieve on a global scale continuous monitoring of aerosols.As a mature product of aerosol remote sensing,the Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD)is an important atmospheric parameter in energy budget and climate change researches.But because of heavy aerosol loading,the application of VIIRS AOD product from NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)is limited in China.By using a new cloud mask method,improvingthe pixels selection process,widening the range of AOD inversion,and constraining the aerosol model selection,we improved the retrieval algorithm and enhanced the performance in haze area.Based on validation with ground-based AERONET(AErosol RObotic NETwork)observation,our AOD product overcame the underestimation of satellite retrieval result and had better correlation and smaller root mean square error(RMSE)than that of NOAA.In order to verify its performance in polluted air condition,we compared them in two degrees of pollution(0.6
引文
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Cao C Y,De Luccia F J,Xiong X X,et al.2014.Early on-orbit performance of the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite onboard the suomi national polar-orbiting partnership(S-NPP)satellite.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,52(2):1142-1156,doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2247768.
Chand D,Wood R,Ghan S J,et al.2012.Aerosol optical depth increase in partly cloudy conditions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,117:8,doi:10.1029/2012jd017894.
Chen L F,Li S S,Tao J H,et al.2011.Aerosol Remote Sensing Quantitative Inversion Research and Application.Beijing:Science Press.
China Meteorological Administration.1979.Specifications for Surface Meteorological Observations.Beijing:Meteorological Press.
Ciren P,Kondragunta S.2014.Dust aerosol index(DAI)algorithm for MODIS.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,119(8):4770-4792,doi:10.1002/2013jd020855.
DeuzéJ L,BréOn F M,Devaux C,et al.2001.Remote sensing of aerosols over land surfaces from POLDER-ADEOS-1polarized measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,106(D5):4913-4926,doi:10.1029/2000jd900364.
Frey R A,Ackerman S A,Liu Y H,et al.2008.Cloud detection with MODIS.Part I:Improvements in the MODIS cloud mask for collection 5.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,25(7):1057-1072,doi:10.1175/2008jtecha1052.1.
He Q S,Li C C,Geng F H,et al.2012.Study on long-term aerosol distribution over the land of east china using MODIS data.Aerosol and Air Quality Research,12(3):304-319,doi:10.4209/aaqr.2011.11.0200.
Holben B N,Eck T F,Slutsker I,et al.1998.AERONET-Afederated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization.Remote Sensing of Environment,66(1):1-16,doi:10.1016/s0034-4257(98)00031-5.
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Huang J F,Kondragunta S,Laszlo I,et al.2016.Validation and expected error estimation of Suomi-NPP VIIRS aerosol optical thickness and Angstrom exponent with AERONET.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,121(12):7139-7160,doi:10.1002/2016jd024834.
Hutchison K D,Iisager B D,Kopp T J,et al.2008.Distinguishing aerosols from clouds in global,multispectral satellite data with automated cloud classification algorithms.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,25(4):501-518,doi:10.1175/2007jtecha1004.1.
Hutchison K D,Roskovensky J K,Jackson J M,et al.2005.Automated cloud detection and classification of data collected by the visible infrared imager radiometer suite(VIIRS).International Journal of Remote Sensing,26(21):4681-4706,doi:10.1080/01431160500196786.
Ichoku C,Remer L A,Kaufman Y J,et al.2003.MODIS observation of aerosols and estimation of aerosol radiative forcing over southern Africa during SAFARI 2000.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,108(D13):8499,doi:10.1029/2002jd002366.
Ignatov A,Stowe L.2002.Aerosol retrievals from individual AVHRRchannels.Part I:Retrieval algorithm and transition from Dave to 6Sradiative transfer model.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,59(3):313-334,doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0313:arfiac>2.0.co;2.
IPCC.2013.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.New York:Cambridge University Press.
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Kahn R A,Gaitley B J,Martonchik J V,et al.2005.Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR)global aerosol optical depth validation based on 2years of coincident Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET)observations.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,110(D10):D10S04,doi:10.1029/2004jd004706.
Kaufman Y J,TanréD,Boucher O.2002.A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system.Nature,419(6903):215-223,doi:10.1038/nature01091.
Kaufman Y J,TanréD,Remer L A,et al.1997a.Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOSmoderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,102(D14):17051-17067,doi:10.1029/96jd03988.
Kaufman Y J,Wald A E,Remer L A,et al.1997b.The MODIS2.1μm channel-Correlation with visible reflectance for use in remote sensing of aerosol.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,35(5):1286-1298,doi:10.1109/36.628795.
Kolmonen P,Sogacheva L,Virtanen T H,et al.2016.The ADV/ASV AATSR aerosol retrieval algorithm:current status and presentation of a full-mission AOD dataset.International Journal of Digital Earth,9(6):545-561,doi:10.1080/17538947.2015.1111450.
Koren I,Feingold G.2011.Aerosol-cloud-precipitation system as a predator-prey problem.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,108(30):12227-12232,doi:10.1073/pnas.1101777108.
Levy R C,Mattoo S,Munchak L A,et al.2013.The Collection 6MODIS aerosol products over land and ocean.Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,6(11):2989-3034,doi:10.5194/amt-6-2989-2013.
Levy R C,Munchak L A,Mattoo S,et al.2015.Towards a longterm global aerosol optical depth record:applying a consistent aerosol retrieval algorithm to MODIS and VIIRS-observed reflectance.Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,8(10):4083-4110,doi:10.5194/amt-8-4083-2015.
Levy R C,Remer L A,Mattoo S,et al.2007.Second-generation operational algorithm:Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer spectral reflectance.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,112(D13):D13211,doi:10.1029/2006jd007811.
Li C C,Lau A K H,Mao J T,et al.2005.Retrieval,validation,and application of the 1-km aerosol optical depth from MODISmeasurements over Hong Kong.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,43(11):2650-2658,doi:10.1109/tgrs.2005.856627.
Li S S,Chen L F,Tao J H,et al.2012.Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over bright targets in the urban areas of North China during winter.Science China Earth Sciences,55(9):1545-1553,doi:10.1007/s11430-012-4432-1.
Li S S,Chen L F,Xiong X Z,et al.2013.Retrieval of the haze optical thickness in North China plain using MODIS data.IEEETransactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,51(5):2528-2540,doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2214038.
Liu H Q,Remer L A,Huang J F,et al.2014.Preliminary evaluation of S-NPP VIIRS aerosol optical thickness.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,119(7):3942-3962,doi:10.1002/2013jd020360.
Liu Y,Park R J,Jacob D J,et al.2004.Mapping annual mean ground-level PM2.5 concentrations using Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical thickness over the contiguous United States.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,109(D22):D22206,doi:10.1029/2004jd005025.
Luo Y F,LüD R,He Q,et al.2000.Characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth variation over China in recent30years.Chinese Science Bulletin,45(14):1328-1334,doi:10.1007/BF03182914.
Martins J V,TanréD,Remer L,et al.2002.MODIS Cloud screening for remote sensing of aerosols over oceans using spatial variability.Geophysical Research Letters,29(12):8009,doi:10.1029/2001gl013252.
Mishchenko M I,Geogdzhayev I V,Cairns B,et al.2007.Past,present,and future of global aerosol climatologies derived from satellite observations:A perspective.Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,106(1-3):325-347,doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.01.007.
Pope III C A,Burnett R T,Thun M J,et al.2002.Lung cancer,cardiopulmonary mortality,and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution.JAMA,287(9):1132-1141,doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132.
Ramanathan V,Crutzen P J,Kiehl J T,et al.2001.Aerosols,climate,and the hydrological cycle.Science,294(5549):2119-2124,doi:10.1126/science.1064034.
Remer L A,Mattoo S,Levy R C,et al.2012.Retrieving aerosol in a cloudy environment:aerosol product availability as a function of spatial resolution.Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,5(7):1823-1840,doi:10.5194/amt-5-1823-2012.
Rosenfeld D,Sherwood S,Wood R,et al.2014.Climate effects of aerosol-cloud interactions.Science,343(6169):379-380,doi:10.1126/science.1247490.
Stanski H R,Wilson L J,Burrows W R.1989.Survey of common verification methods in meteorology.WMO World Weather Watch Technical Report.WMO/TD NO.358.
Su W Y,Schuster G L,Loeb N G,et al.2008.Aerosol and cloud interaction observed from high spectral resolution lidar data.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,113:D24,doi:10.1029/2008jd010588.
Tao M H,Chen L F,Su L,et al.2012.Satellite observation of regional haze pollution over the North China Plain.Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,v.117(D12).doi:10.1029/2012jd017915.
Vermote E F,Tanre D,Deuze J L,et al.1997.Second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum,6S:An overview.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,35(3):675-686,doi:10.1109/36.581987.
Vermote E,Justice C,Csiszar I.2014.Early evaluation of the VIIRS calibration,cloud mask and surface reflectance Earth data records.Remote Sensing of Environment,148:134-145,doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.028.
Wang Y,Chen L F,Li S S,et al.2017.Interference of heavy aerosol loading on the VIIRS Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD)retrieval algorithm.Remote Sensing,9(4):397,doi:10.3390/rs9040397.
Wang Z F,Chen L F,Tao J H,et al.2010.Satellite-based estimation of regional particulate matter(PM)in Beijing using vertical-and-RH correcting method.Remote Sensing of Environment,114(1):50-63,doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.009.
Wang Z T,Li Q,Wang Q,et al.2012.HJ-1terrestrial aerosol data retrieval using deep blue algorithm.Journal of Remote Sensing,16(3):596-610.Doi:10.11834/jrs.20121148.
Winker D M,Vaughan M A,Omar A,et al.2009.Overview of the CALIPSO mission and CALIOP data processing algorithms.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,26(11):2310-2323,doi:10.1175/2009jtecha1281.1.
Zhang X,Wang L,Wang W,et al.2015.Long-term trend and spatiotemporal variations of haze over China by satellite observations from 1979to 2013.Atmospheric Environment,v.119,p.362-373,doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.053.
陈良富,李莘莘,陶金花等.2011.气溶胶遥感定量反演研究与应用.北京:科学出版社.
王中挺,厉青,王桥等.2012.利用深蓝算法从HJ-1数据反演陆地气溶胶.遥感学报,16(3):596-610.Doi:10.11834/jrs.20121148.
中国气象局.1979.地面气象观测规范.北京:气象出版社.
Cao C Y,De Luccia F J,Xiong X X,et al.2014.Early on-orbit performance of the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite onboard the suomi national polar-orbiting partnership(S-NPP)satellite.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,52(2):1142-1156,doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2247768.
Chand D,Wood R,Ghan S J,et al.2012.Aerosol optical depth increase in partly cloudy conditions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,117:8,doi:10.1029/2012jd017894.
Chen L F,Li S S,Tao J H,et al.2011.Aerosol Remote Sensing Quantitative Inversion Research and Application.Beijing:Science Press.
China Meteorological Administration.1979.Specifications for Surface Meteorological Observations.Beijing:Meteorological Press.
Ciren P,Kondragunta S.2014.Dust aerosol index(DAI)algorithm for MODIS.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,119(8):4770-4792,doi:10.1002/2013jd020855.
DeuzéJ L,BréOn F M,Devaux C,et al.2001.Remote sensing of aerosols over land surfaces from POLDER-ADEOS-1polarized measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,106(D5):4913-4926,doi:10.1029/2000jd900364.
Frey R A,Ackerman S A,Liu Y H,et al.2008.Cloud detection with MODIS.Part I:Improvements in the MODIS cloud mask for collection 5.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,25(7):1057-1072,doi:10.1175/2008jtecha1052.1.
He Q S,Li C C,Geng F H,et al.2012.Study on long-term aerosol distribution over the land of east china using MODIS data.Aerosol and Air Quality Research,12(3):304-319,doi:10.4209/aaqr.2011.11.0200.
Holben B N,Eck T F,Slutsker I,et al.1998.AERONET-Afederated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization.Remote Sensing of Environment,66(1):1-16,doi:10.1016/s0034-4257(98)00031-5.
Hsu N C,Jeong M J,Bettenhausen C,et al.2013.Enhanced Deep Blue aerosol retrieval algorithm:The second generation.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,118(16):9296-9315,doi:10.1002/jgrd.50712.
Huang J F,Kondragunta S,Laszlo I,et al.2016.Validation and expected error estimation of Suomi-NPP VIIRS aerosol optical thickness and Angstrom exponent with AERONET.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,121(12):7139-7160,doi:10.1002/2016jd024834.
Hutchison K D,Iisager B D,Kopp T J,et al.2008.Distinguishing aerosols from clouds in global,multispectral satellite data with automated cloud classification algorithms.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,25(4):501-518,doi:10.1175/2007jtecha1004.1.
Hutchison K D,Roskovensky J K,Jackson J M,et al.2005.Automated cloud detection and classification of data collected by the visible infrared imager radiometer suite(VIIRS).International Journal of Remote Sensing,26(21):4681-4706,doi:10.1080/01431160500196786.
Ichoku C,Remer L A,Kaufman Y J,et al.2003.MODIS observation of aerosols and estimation of aerosol radiative forcing over southern Africa during SAFARI 2000.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,108(D13):8499,doi:10.1029/2002jd002366.
Ignatov A,Stowe L.2002.Aerosol retrievals from individual AVHRRchannels.Part I:Retrieval algorithm and transition from Dave to 6Sradiative transfer model.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,59(3):313-334,doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0313:arfiac>2.0.co;2.
IPCC.2013.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.New York:Cambridge University Press.
Jackson J M,Liu H Q,Laszlo I,et al.2013.Suomi-NPP VIIRSaerosol algorithms and data products.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,118(22):12673-12689,doi:10.1002/2013jd020449.
Kahn R A,Gaitley B J,Martonchik J V,et al.2005.Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR)global aerosol optical depth validation based on 2years of coincident Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET)observations.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,110(D10):D10S04,doi:10.1029/2004jd004706.
Kaufman Y J,TanréD,Boucher O.2002.A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system.Nature,419(6903):215-223,doi:10.1038/nature01091.
Kaufman Y J,TanréD,Remer L A,et al.1997a.Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOSmoderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,102(D14):17051-17067,doi:10.1029/96jd03988.
Kaufman Y J,Wald A E,Remer L A,et al.1997b.The MODIS2.1μm channel-Correlation with visible reflectance for use in remote sensing of aerosol.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,35(5):1286-1298,doi:10.1109/36.628795.
Kolmonen P,Sogacheva L,Virtanen T H,et al.2016.The ADV/ASV AATSR aerosol retrieval algorithm:current status and presentation of a full-mission AOD dataset.International Journal of Digital Earth,9(6):545-561,doi:10.1080/17538947.2015.1111450.
Koren I,Feingold G.2011.Aerosol-cloud-precipitation system as a predator-prey problem.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,108(30):12227-12232,doi:10.1073/pnas.1101777108.
Levy R C,Mattoo S,Munchak L A,et al.2013.The Collection 6MODIS aerosol products over land and ocean.Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,6(11):2989-3034,doi:10.5194/amt-6-2989-2013.
Levy R C,Munchak L A,Mattoo S,et al.2015.Towards a longterm global aerosol optical depth record:applying a consistent aerosol retrieval algorithm to MODIS and VIIRS-observed reflectance.Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,8(10):4083-4110,doi:10.5194/amt-8-4083-2015.
Levy R C,Remer L A,Mattoo S,et al.2007.Second-generation operational algorithm:Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer spectral reflectance.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,112(D13):D13211,doi:10.1029/2006jd007811.
Li C C,Lau A K H,Mao J T,et al.2005.Retrieval,validation,and application of the 1-km aerosol optical depth from MODISmeasurements over Hong Kong.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,43(11):2650-2658,doi:10.1109/tgrs.2005.856627.
Li S S,Chen L F,Tao J H,et al.2012.Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over bright targets in the urban areas of North China during winter.Science China Earth Sciences,55(9):1545-1553,doi:10.1007/s11430-012-4432-1.
Li S S,Chen L F,Xiong X Z,et al.2013.Retrieval of the haze optical thickness in North China plain using MODIS data.IEEETransactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,51(5):2528-2540,doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2214038.
Liu H Q,Remer L A,Huang J F,et al.2014.Preliminary evaluation of S-NPP VIIRS aerosol optical thickness.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,119(7):3942-3962,doi:10.1002/2013jd020360.
Liu Y,Park R J,Jacob D J,et al.2004.Mapping annual mean ground-level PM2.5 concentrations using Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical thickness over the contiguous United States.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,109(D22):D22206,doi:10.1029/2004jd005025.
Luo Y F,LüD R,He Q,et al.2000.Characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth variation over China in recent30years.Chinese Science Bulletin,45(14):1328-1334,doi:10.1007/BF03182914.
Martins J V,TanréD,Remer L,et al.2002.MODIS Cloud screening for remote sensing of aerosols over oceans using spatial variability.Geophysical Research Letters,29(12):8009,doi:10.1029/2001gl013252.
Mishchenko M I,Geogdzhayev I V,Cairns B,et al.2007.Past,present,and future of global aerosol climatologies derived from satellite observations:A perspective.Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,106(1-3):325-347,doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.01.007.
Pope III C A,Burnett R T,Thun M J,et al.2002.Lung cancer,cardiopulmonary mortality,and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution.JAMA,287(9):1132-1141,doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132.
Ramanathan V,Crutzen P J,Kiehl J T,et al.2001.Aerosols,climate,and the hydrological cycle.Science,294(5549):2119-2124,doi:10.1126/science.1064034.
Remer L A,Mattoo S,Levy R C,et al.2012.Retrieving aerosol in a cloudy environment:aerosol product availability as a function of spatial resolution.Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,5(7):1823-1840,doi:10.5194/amt-5-1823-2012.
Rosenfeld D,Sherwood S,Wood R,et al.2014.Climate effects of aerosol-cloud interactions.Science,343(6169):379-380,doi:10.1126/science.1247490.
Stanski H R,Wilson L J,Burrows W R.1989.Survey of common verification methods in meteorology.WMO World Weather Watch Technical Report.WMO/TD NO.358.
Su W Y,Schuster G L,Loeb N G,et al.2008.Aerosol and cloud interaction observed from high spectral resolution lidar data.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,113:D24,doi:10.1029/2008jd010588.
Tao M H,Chen L F,Su L,et al.2012.Satellite observation of regional haze pollution over the North China Plain.Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,v.117(D12).doi:10.1029/2012jd017915.
Vermote E F,Tanre D,Deuze J L,et al.1997.Second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum,6S:An overview.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,35(3):675-686,doi:10.1109/36.581987.
Vermote E,Justice C,Csiszar I.2014.Early evaluation of the VIIRS calibration,cloud mask and surface reflectance Earth data records.Remote Sensing of Environment,148:134-145,doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.028.
Wang Y,Chen L F,Li S S,et al.2017.Interference of heavy aerosol loading on the VIIRS Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD)retrieval algorithm.Remote Sensing,9(4):397,doi:10.3390/rs9040397.
Wang Z F,Chen L F,Tao J H,et al.2010.Satellite-based estimation of regional particulate matter(PM)in Beijing using vertical-and-RH correcting method.Remote Sensing of Environment,114(1):50-63,doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.009.
Wang Z T,Li Q,Wang Q,et al.2012.HJ-1terrestrial aerosol data retrieval using deep blue algorithm.Journal of Remote Sensing,16(3):596-610.Doi:10.11834/jrs.20121148.
Winker D M,Vaughan M A,Omar A,et al.2009.Overview of the CALIPSO mission and CALIOP data processing algorithms.Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,26(11):2310-2323,doi:10.1175/2009jtecha1281.1.
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